Merge branch 'master' into upcoming/v4.16

- `InstaloaderContext.get_page_data()` loads a page as a logged-out visitor and returns the query results that the page embeds. Instagram only embeds them when the request looks like a page navigation, so the request sends the `Sec-Fetch-*` headers of one.
- `Profile.from_username()` reads the profile from its public page. Anonymously, `_normalize_profile_data()` completes the node.
- Logged in, `Profile.get_posts()` uses query `28975909992013618` (`PolarisProfilePostsTabContentQuery_connection`) with the variables that the web app sends. The response has the same shape as before.

When logged in, `from_username()` does not normalize the page's node. The page shows the profile to a logged-out visitor, so normalizing would set `followed_by_viewer` to `False`, and `download_profiles()` would refuse private profiles that the session follows. Instead, the GraphQL profile query in `_obtain_metadata()` fills in the missing fields when they are first read.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -6,13 +6,15 @@ labels: "feature suggestion"
 ---
 
 **Provide us a use case of the feature**
-How could the user invoke the new function? Which problem would it solve? If new information is obtained, how would it be further processed?
+How could the user invoke the new function? Which problem would it solve?
+If new information is obtained, how would it be further processed?
 
 **Describe the solution you'd like**
 A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
 
 **Describe alternatives you've considered**
 A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+How do you achieve the here-described goal without the feature you are requesting?
 
 **If the feature request is accepted, would you be willing to submit a pull request?**
 Yes / No
@@ -21,4 +23,9 @@ Yes / No
 **Additional context**
 Add any other context about the feature request here.
 
-<!-- please also see https://instaloader.github.io/contributing.html for how to suggest a feature -->
+<!-- 
+Also see https://instaloader.github.io/contributing.html for how to suggest a feature.
+
+Please understand that a feature suggestion issue that lacks the required information cannot be
+processed.
+-->

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: pip
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: monthly
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7
+
+  - package-ecosystem: github-actions
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: monthly
+    cooldown:
+      default-days: 7

.github/funding.yml

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-custom: "https://instaloader.github.io/contributing.html#donations"
+github: [aandergr]
+custom: "https://instaloader.github.io/sponsors.html"

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -2,17 +2,23 @@
 
 <!--
 Thanks for your willingness to contribute to Instaloader! Please briefly
-describe
+describe:
 
 - A motivation for this change, e.g.
   - Fixes # .
-  - More general: What problem does the pull request solve?
+  - What problem does the pull request solve?
 
 - The changes proposed in this pull request
+  - Keep the PR focused: avoid bundling independent fixes or refactorings.
 
 - The completeness of this change
-  - Is it just a proof of concept?
   - Is the documentation updated (if appropriate)?
-  - Do you consider it ready to be merged or is it a draft?
+  - How has it been tested?
+  - Do you consider it ready to be merged or is it a draft / proof of concept?
   - Can we help you at some point?
+
+- Further considerations
+  - Is it based on master (bugfix), upcoming/v4.X (new feature), or another pull request?
+  - Does it preserve backward compatibility and existing behavior?
+
 -->

.github/workflows/documentation.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+name: "Documentation"
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  docs:
+    name: "Documentation"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout Instaloader Repository"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0  # needed for building docs
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: "Setup Python"
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.15
+          cache: 'pipenv'
+      - name: "Install Dependencies"
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install pipenv==2026.8.0
+          pipenv --python `python --version | grep -Eo '3\.[0-9]+'` sync --dev
+      - name: "Build Documentation"
+        run: pipenv --python `python --version | grep -Eo '3\.[0-9]+'` run make -C docs html SPHINXOPTS="-W -n"
+      - name: "Deploy Documentation"
+        if: github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
+        uses: JamesIves/github-pages-deploy-action@v4
+        with:
+          branch: master
+          repository-name: instaloader/instaloader.github.io
+          folder: docs/_build/html
+          token: ${{ secrets.PAGES_DEPLOYMENT_TOKEN }}

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -7,25 +7,24 @@ jobs:
     name: PyLint and MyPy
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        python-version: [3.8, 3.9]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14", "3.15"]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Instaloader Repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
         with:
-          fetch-depth: 0  # needed for building docs
+          persist-credentials: false
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v7
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+          cache: 'pipenv'
       - name: Install Dependencies
         run: |
-          python -m pip install pipenv==2020.11.15
-          pipenv sync --dev
+          python -m pip install pipenv==2026.8.0
+          pipenv --python `python --version | grep -Eo '3\.[0-9]+'` sync --dev
       - name: PyLint
-        run: pipenv run pylint instaloader
+        run: pipenv --python `python --version | grep -Eo '3\.[0-9]+'` run pylint instaloader
       - name: MyPy
-        run: pipenv run mypy -m instaloader
-      - name: Build Documentation
-        if: matrix.python-version == '3.8'
-        run: pipenv run make -C docs html SPHINXOPTS="-W -n"
+        run: pipenv --python `python --version | grep -Eo '3\.[0-9]+'` run mypy -m instaloader

.github/workflows/packages.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+name: "Publish Packages"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - v*
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    name: "Publish Package"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: "Checkout Repository"
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: "Setup Python"
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.15
+      - name: "Get the tagged version"
+        id: get_version
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REF: ${{ github.ref }}
+        run: echo "VERSION=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\/v/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+        shell: bash
+      - name: "Install Dependencies"
+        run: python -m pip install -U setuptools wheel build
+      - name: "Generate Python Package"
+        run: python -m build
+      - name: "Publish Distribution to PyPI"
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_PASSWORD }}
+      - name: "Publish Distribution to AUR"
+        run: deploy/arch/deploy.sh $VERSION_TAG
+        env:
+          VERSION_TAG: v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}
+          AUR_KEY: ${{ secrets.AUR_KEY }}
+          AUR_IV: ${{ secrets.AUR_IV }}

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: Mark stale issues and pull requests
 
 on:
   schedule:
-  - cron: "10 14 * * *"
+  - cron: "55 7 * * *"
 
 jobs:
   stale:
@@ -11,24 +11,24 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/stale@v3
+    - uses: actions/stale@v11
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         only-labels: 'question'
         stale-issue-message: 'There has been no activity on this question for an extended period of time. This issue will be closed after further 14 days of inactivity.'
         stale-issue-label: 'stale'
         exempt-issue-labels: 'leave open'
-        days-before-stale: 15
+        days-before-stale: 21
         days-before-close: -1
         remove-stale-when-updated: false
-    - uses: actions/stale@v1
+    - uses: actions/stale@v11
       with:
         repo-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         stale-issue-message: 'There has been no activity on this issue for an extended period of time. This issue will be closed after further 14 days of inactivity.'
         stale-pr-message: 'There has been no activity on this Pull Request for an extended period of time. This Pull Request will be closed after further 14 days of inactivity.'
         stale-issue-label: 'stale'
         stale-pr-label: 'stale'
-        exempt-issue-label: 'leave open'
-        exempt-pr-label: 'leave open'
-        days-before-stale: 90
+        exempt-issue-labels: 'leave open'
+        exempt-pr-labels: 'leave open'
+        days-before-stale: 189
         days-before-close: 14

.github/workflows/windows_exe.yml

@@ -8,41 +8,34 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: windows-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Instaloader repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7
         with:
-          python-version: 3.9
+          persist-credentials: false
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v7
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.15
+          cache: 'pipenv'
           architecture: x64
       - name: Get the tagged version
         id: get_version
         env:
           GITHUB_REF: ${{ github.ref }}
-        run: echo ::set-output name=VERSION::${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\/v/}
+        run: echo "VERSION=${GITHUB_REF/refs\/tags\/v/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
         shell: bash
       - name: Run custom python script for EXE creation
         env:
           VERSION_TAG: v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}
         run: python deploy/windows/create_exe.py
-      - name: Create draft release
+      - name: Create draft release and upload EXE as release asset
         if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
         id: create_release
-        uses: actions/create-release@v1
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v3
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
         with:
           tag_name: v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}
-          release_name: Version ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}
+          name: Version ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}
           draft: true
           prerelease: contains(steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION, 'a') || contains(steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION, 'b') || contains(steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION, 'c')
-      - name: Upload EXE as release asset
-        if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
-        id: upload-release-asset
-        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        with:
-          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
-          asset_path: ./instaloader-v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}-windows-standalone.zip
-          asset_name: instaloader-v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}-windows-standalone.zip
-          asset_content_type: application/zip
+          files: ./instaloader-v${{ steps.get_version.outputs.VERSION }}-windows-standalone.zip

.travis.yml

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-dist: xenial
-language: python
-python:
- - "3.6"
- - "3.7"
-install:
- - pipenv sync --dev
-script:
- - pylint instaloader
- - mypy -m instaloader
- - make -C docs html SPHINXOPTS="-W -n"
-addons:
-  ssh_known_hosts: aur.archlinux.org
-deploy:
-  - provider: pypi
-    user: aandergr
-    on:
-      tags: true
-      python: 3.6
-    password:
-      secure: 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
-  - provider: pages
-    skip-cleanup: true
-    github-token: $GITHUB_TOKEN
-    local-dir: docs/_build/html
-    repo: instaloader/instaloader.github.io
-    target-branch: master
-    on:
-      branch: master
-      python: 3.6
-  - provider: script
-    script: deploy/arch/deploy.sh $TRAVIS_TAG
-    on:
-      tags: true
-      python: 3.6

AUTHORS.md

@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@ Instaloader is written by
 - Alexander Graf (@aandergr)
 - André Koch-Kramer (@Thammus)
 - Lars Lindqvist (@e5150)
+- Eduardo M Kalinowksi (@ekalin)
 - ... and many more, see https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/graphs/contributors

Pipfile

@@ -6,12 +6,17 @@ verify_ssl = true
 [dev-packages]
 pylint = "*"
 mypy = "*"
-sphinx = "~=2.3"
+sphinx = "*"
 pyinstaller = "*"
-pefile = "*"
-pywin32-ctypes = "*"
 psutil = "*"
-typing-extensions = "*"
+types-requests = "*"
+sphinx-autodoc-typehints = "*"
+sphinxcontrib-jquery = "*"
+tomli = "*"           # Needed for Pylint for "python_version < '3.11'"
+dill = "*"            # Needed for Pylint for "python_version < '3.11'"
+pywin32-ctypes = "*"  # Needed for pyinstaller on Windows
+pefile = "*"          # Needed for pyinstaller on Windows
 
 [packages]
 requests = "*"
+browser-cookie3 = "*"

README.rst

@@ -2,11 +2,7 @@
 
 .. badges-start
 
-|travis| |pypi| |pyversion| |license| |aur| |contributors| |downloads|
-
-.. |travis| image:: https://img.shields.io/travis/instaloader/instaloader/master.svg
-   :alt: Travis-CI Build Status
-   :target: https://travis-ci.org/instaloader/instaloader
+|pypi| |pyversion| |license| |aur| |contributors| |downloads|
 
 .. |pypi| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/instaloader.svg
    :alt: Instaloader PyPI Project Page
@@ -57,7 +53,7 @@
 ::
 
     instaloader [--comments] [--geotags]
-                [--stories] [--highlights] [--tagged] [--igtv]
+                [--stories] [--highlights] [--tagged] [--reels] [--igtv]
                 [--login YOUR-USERNAME] [--fast-update]
                 profile | "#hashtag" | :stories | :feed | :saved
 
@@ -86,6 +82,16 @@ To later **update your local copy** of that profiles, you may run
 If ``--fast-update`` is given, Instaloader stops when arriving at the
 first already-downloaded picture.
 
+Alternatively, you can use ``--latest-stamps`` to have Instaloader store
+the time each profile was last downloaded and only download newer media:
+
+::
+
+    instaloader --latest-stamps -- profile [profile ...]
+
+With this option it's possible to move or delete downloaded media and still keep
+the archive updated.
+
 When updating profiles, Instaloader
 automatically **detects profile name changes** and renames the target directory
 accordingly.
@@ -104,6 +110,56 @@ already have a valid session cookie file.
 
 `Instaloader Documentation <https://instaloader.github.io/basic-usage.html>`__
 
+Contributing
+------------
+
+As an open source project, Instaloader heavily depends on the contributions from
+its community. See
+`contributing <https://instaloader.github.io/contributing.html>`__
+for how you may help Instaloader to become an even greater tool.
+
+Supporters
+----------
+
+.. current-sponsors-start
+
+| Instaloader is proudly sponsored by
+
+.. list-table::
+  :align: center
+
+  * - |socialapis|
+  * - `SocialAPIs <https://socialapis.io/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsor&utm_campaign=instaloader>`__
+
+|
+
+.. list-table::
+  :align: center
+
+  * - `@rocketapi-io <https://github.com/rocketapi-io>`__
+
+|
+
+See `Alex' GitHub Sponsors <https://github.com/sponsors/aandergr>`__ page for
+how you can sponsor the development of Instaloader!
+
+.. |socialapis| image:: ./.sponsor-logos/socialapis.png
+   :alt: SocialAPIs
+   :target: https://socialapis.io/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=sponsor&utm_campaign=instaloader
+   :height: 96px
+
+.. current-sponsors-end
+
+It is a pleasure for us to share our Instaloader to the world, and we are proud
+to have attracted such an active and motivating community, with so many users
+who share their suggestions and ideas with us. Buying a community-sponsored beer
+or coffee from time to time is very likely to further raise our passion for the
+development of Instaloader.
+
+| For Donations, we provide GitHub Sponsors page, a PayPal.Me link and a Bitcoin address.
+|  GitHub Sponsors: `Sponsor @aandergr on GitHub Sponsors <https://github.com/sponsors/aandergr>`__
+|  PayPal: `PayPal.me/aandergr <https://www.paypal.me/aandergr>`__
+|  BTC: 1Nst4LoadeYzrKjJ1DX9CpbLXBYE9RKLwY
 
 Disclaimer
 ----------
@@ -116,21 +172,3 @@ subsidiaries. This is an independent and unofficial project. Use at your own ris
 Instaloader is licensed under an MIT license. Refer to ``LICENSE`` file for more information.
 
 .. disclaimer-end
-
-Contributing
-------------
-
-As an open source project, Instaloader heavily depends on the contributions from
-its community. See
-`contributing <https://instaloader.github.io/contributing.html>`__
-for how you may help Instaloader to become an even greater tool.
-
-It is a pleasure for us to share our Instaloader to the world, and we are proud
-to have attracted such an active and motivating community, with so many users
-who share their suggestions and ideas with us. Buying a community-sponsored beer
-or coffee from time to time is very likely to further raise our passion for the
-development of Instaloader.
-
-| For Donations, we provide a PayPal.Me link and a Bitcoin address.
-|  PayPal: `PayPal.me/aandergr <https://www.paypal.me/aandergr>`__
-|  BTC: 1Nst4LoadeYzrKjJ1DX9CpbLXBYE9RKLwY

deploy/arch/.SRCINFO.template

@@ -5,9 +5,13 @@ pkgbase = instaloader
 	url = https://instaloader.github.io/
 	arch = any
 	license = MIT
+	makedepends = python-build
+	makedepends = python-installer
 	makedepends = python-setuptools
-	depends = python>=3.6
-	depends = python-requests>=2.4
+	makedepends = python-wheel
+	depends = python
+	depends = python-requests
+	optdepends = python-browser-cookie3: Import session cookies from browser
 	options = !emptydirs
 	source = instaloader-{{version}}.tar.gz::https://codeload.github.com/instaloader/instaloader/tar.gz/v{{version}}
 	sha512sums = {{hash}}

deploy/arch/PKGBUILD.template

@@ -8,20 +8,30 @@ arch=('any')
 url="https://instaloader.github.io/"
 license=('MIT')
 groups=()
-depends=('python>=3.6' 'python-requests>=2.4')
-makedepends=('python-setuptools')
+depends=(
+  python
+  python-requests
+)
+makedepends=(
+  python-build
+  python-installer
+  python-setuptools
+  python-wheel
+)
+optdepends=(
+  'python-browser-cookie3: Import session cookies from browser'
+)
 options=('!emptydirs')
 source=($pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz::https://codeload.github.com/instaloader/instaloader/tar.gz/v$pkgver)
 sha512sums=('{{hash}}')
 
 build() {
 	cd "$srcdir/$pkgname-$pkgver"
-	python setup.py clean --all
-	python setup.py build
+	python -m build --wheel --no-isolation
 }
 
 package() {
 	cd "$srcdir/$pkgname-$pkgver"
 	install -Dm644 LICENSE "$pkgdir"/usr/share/licenses/$pkgname/LICENSE
-	python setup.py install --root "$pkgdir/" --skip-build
+	python -m installer --destdir="$pkgdir" dist/*.whl
 }

deploy/arch/deploy.sh

@@ -8,10 +8,12 @@ echo $VERSION | grep -qe "[abc]" && exit 0
 cd $(dirname $0)
 
 # decrypt and add ssh key
-openssl aes-256-cbc -K $encrypted_354637631c28_key -iv $encrypted_354637631c28_iv -in id_rsa_AUR.enc -out /tmp/AUR_openssh -d
+openssl aes-256-cbc -K $AUR_KEY -iv $AUR_IV -in id_rsa_AUR.enc -out /tmp/AUR_openssh -d
 eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
 chmod 600 /tmp/AUR_openssh
 ssh-add /tmp/AUR_openssh
+mkdir -p ~/.ssh
+ssh-keyscan -t rsa aur.archlinux.org >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
 
 # clone and modify AUR repo
 git clone --depth 1 ssh://aur@aur.archlinux.org/instaloader.git

deploy/windows/create_exe.py

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ with open('__main__.py', 'w+') as f:
     f.writelines(lines)
 
 # install dependencies and invoke PyInstaller
-commands = ["pip install pipenv==2020.11.15",
-            "pipenv sync --dev",
+commands = ["pip install pipenv==2026.8.0",
+            f"pipenv --python {sys.version_info.major}.{sys.version_info.minor} sync --dev",
             "pipenv run pyinstaller --log-level=DEBUG instaloader.spec"]
 
 for command in commands:

docs/.sponsor-logos

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.sponsor-logos

docs/README.md

@@ -7,9 +7,10 @@ https://instaloader.github.io/
 
 ## Build
 
-The documentation is created with [Sphinx](http://www.sphinx-doc.org/). To build it, use
+The documentation is created with [Sphinx](http://www.sphinx-doc.org/). To build it, use (in the top-level directory
+of the Instaloader source tree):
 
 ```
-pip3 install -r requirements.txt
-make html
+pipenv sync --dev
+make -C docs html
 ```

docs/_templates/layout.html

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 {% block header %}
   <nav class="navbar navbar-light navbar-expand bg-light border-bottom">
     <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">
-      <img src="{{ pathto('_static/' + logo, 1) }}" width="30" height="30" class="d-inline-block align-top" alt="logo">
+      <img src="{{ pathto('_static/logo.png', 1) }}" width="30" height="30" class="d-inline-block align-top" alt="logo">
       <span class="ml-3">Instaloader</span>
     </a>
     <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">

docs/basic-usage.rst

@@ -39,6 +39,16 @@ To later **update your local copy** of that profiles, you may run
 If :option:`--fast-update` is given, Instaloader stops when arriving at the
 first already-downloaded picture.
 
+Alternatively, you can use :option:`--latest-stamps` to have Instaloader store
+the time each profile was last downloaded and only download newer media:
+
+::
+
+    instaloader --latest-stamps -- profile [profile ...]
+
+With this option it's possible to move or delete downloaded media and still keep
+the archive updated.
+
 When updating profiles, Instaloader
 automatically **detects profile name changes** and renames the target directory
 accordingly.
@@ -65,7 +75,7 @@ What to Download
 Instaloader supports the following targets:
 
 - ``profile``
-   Public profile, or private profile with :option:`--login`.
+   Public profile, or private profile with :ref:`login<login>`.
 
    If an already-downloaded profile has been renamed, Instaloader automatically
    finds it by its unique ID and renames the folder accordingly.
@@ -82,37 +92,41 @@ Instaloader supports the following targets:
    - :option:`--tagged`
       to **download posts where the user is tagged**, and
 
+   - :option:`--reels`
+      to **download Reels videos**.
+
    - :option:`--igtv`
       to **download IGTV videos**.
 
 - ``"#hashtag"``
-   Posts with a certain **hashtag** (the quotes are usually necessary).
+   Posts with a certain **hashtag** (the quotes are usually necessary). Requires :ref:`login<login>`.
 
 - ``%location id``
    Posts tagged with a given location; the location ID is the numerical ID
    Instagram labels a location with (e.g.
    \https://www.instagram.com/explore/locations/**362629379**/plymouth-naval-memorial/).
-   Requires :option:`--login`.
+   Requires :ref:`login<login>`.
 
    .. versionadded:: 4.2
 
 - ``:stories``
    The currently-visible **stories** of your followees (requires
-   :option:`--login`).
+   :ref:`login<login>`).
 
 - ``:feed``
-   Your **feed** (requires :option:`--login`).
+   Your **feed** (requires :ref:`login<login>`).
 
 - ``:saved``
-   Posts which are marked as **saved** (requires :option:`--login`).
+   Posts which are marked as **saved** (requires :ref:`login<login>`).
 
 - ``@profile``
    All profiles that are followed by ``profile``, i.e. the *followees* of
-   ``profile`` (requires :option:`--login`).
+   ``profile`` (requires :ref:`login<login>`).
 
 - ``-post``
    Replace **post** with the post's shortcode to download single post. Must be preceded by ``--`` in
-   the argument list to not be mistaken as an option flag::
+   the argument list to not be mistaken as an option flag.  For example, to download the post
+   https://www.instagram.com/p/**B_K4CykAOtf**, run the command::
 
     instaloader -- -B_K4CykAOtf
 
@@ -130,7 +144,7 @@ downloads the pictures and videos and their captions. You can specify
 
 - :option:`--geotags`
    **download geotags** of each post and save them as
-   Google Maps link (requires :option:`--login`),
+   Google Maps link (requires :ref:`login<login>`),
 
 For a reference of all supported command line options, see
 :ref:`command-line-options`.
@@ -149,27 +163,37 @@ target. The default is ``--dirname-pattern={target}``. In the dirname
 pattern, the token ``{target}`` is replaced by the target name, and
 ``{profile}`` is replaced by the owner of the post which is downloaded.
 
-:option:`--filename-pattern` configures the path of the post's files relative
+:option:`--filename-pattern` configures the path of the post and story's files relative
 to the target directory that is specified with :option:`--dirname-pattern`.
 The default is ``--filename-pattern={date_utc}_UTC``.
 The tokens ``{target}`` and ``{profile}`` are replaced like in the
-dirname pattern. The following tokens are defined for usage with
-:option:`--filename-pattern`:
+dirname pattern.
+
+:option:`--title-pattern` is similar to :option:`--filename-pattern`, but for profile
+pics, hashtag profile pics, and highlight covers. The default is
+``{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}`` if :option:`--dirname-pattern` contains ``{target}`` or
+``{profile}``, or ``{target}_{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}`` if it does not. Some tokens
+are not supported for this option, see below for details.
+
+The following tokens are defined for usage with
+:option:`--filename-pattern` and :option:`--title-pattern`:
 
 - ``{target}``
    Target name (as given in Instaloader command line)
 
 - ``{profile}`` (same as ``{owner_username}``)
-   Owner of the Post / StoryItem.
+   Owner of the Post / StoryItem / ProfilePic. For hashtag profile pics and
+   highlight covers, equivalent to ``{target}``.
 
 - ``{owner_id}``
-   Unique integer ID of owner profile.
+   Unique integer ID of owner profile. For hashtag profile pics, equivalent to
+   ``{target}``.
 
 - ``{shortcode}``
-   Shortcode (identifier string).
+   Shortcode (identifier string). Not available for :option:`--title-pattern`.
 
 - ``{mediaid}``
-   Integer representation of shortcode.
+   Integer representation of shortcode. Not available for :option:`--title-pattern`.
 
 - ``{filename}``
    Instagram's internal filename.
@@ -182,6 +206,10 @@ dirname pattern. The following tokens are defined for usage with
 
       {date_utc:%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S}
 
+- ``{typename}``
+   Type of media being saved, such as GraphImage, GraphStoryVideo, profile_pic,
+   etc.
+
 For example, encode the poster's profile name in the filenames with::
 
     instaloader --filename-pattern={date_utc}_UTC_{profile} "#hashtag"
@@ -207,7 +235,7 @@ The filter string must be a
 where the attributes from :class:`Post` or
 :class:`StoryItem` respectively are defined.
 
-Id est, the following attributes can be used with both
+The following attributes can be used with both
 :option:`--post-filter` and :option:`--storyitem-filter`:
 
 - :attr:`~Post.owner_username` (str), :attr:`~Post.owner_id` (int)
@@ -231,7 +259,7 @@ Id est, the following attributes can be used with both
 As :option:`--post-filter`, the following attributes can be used additionally:
 
 - :attr:`~Post.viewer_has_liked` (bool)
-   Whether user (with :option:`--login`) has liked given post. To download the
+   Whether user (with :ref:`login<login>`) has liked given post. To download the
    pictures from your feed that you have liked::
 
       instaloader --login=your_username --post-filter=viewer_has_liked :feed
@@ -283,13 +311,47 @@ the post's caption::
 
    instaloader --post-metadata-txt="{likes} likes." <target>
 
-Note that with this feature, it is possible to easily and fastly extract
+Note that with this feature, it is possible to easily and quickly extract
 additional metadata of already-downloaded posts, by reimporting their JSON
 files. Say, you now also want to export the number of comments the Posts had
 when they were downloaded::
 
    instaloader --post-metadata-txt="{likes} likes, {comments} comments." <target>/*.json.xz
 
+.. _exit_codes:
+
+Exit codes
+^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Different exit codes are used to indicate different kinds of error:
+
+0
+  No error, all downloads were successful.
+
+1
+  A non-fatal error happened. One or more posts, or even one or more
+  profiles could not be downloaded, but execution was not stopped. The
+  errors are repeated at the end of the log for easy access.
+
+2
+  Command-line error. An unrecognized option was passed, or an invalid
+  combination of options, for example. No interaction with Instagram
+  was made.
+
+3
+  Login error. It was not possible to login. Downloads were not
+  attempted.
+
+4
+  Fatal download error. Downloads were interrupted and no further
+  attempts were made. Happens when a response with one of the status
+  codes in the :option:`--abort-on` option were passed, or when
+  Instagram logs the user out during downloads.
+
+5
+  Interrupted by the user. Happens when the user presses Control-C or
+  sends SIGINT to the process.
+
 .. _instaloader-as-cronjob:
 
 Instaloader as Cronjob

docs/cli-options.rst

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Targets
 ^^^^^^^
 
 Specify a list of targets. For each of these, Instaloader creates a folder and
-stores all posts along with the pictures's captions there.
+stores all posts along with the pictures' captions there.
 
 .. include:: basic-usage.rst
    :start-after: targets-start
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ What to Download of each Post
 
    Download geotags when available. Geotags are stored as a text file with
    the location's name and a Google Maps link. This requires an additional
-   request to the Instagram server for each picture. Requires :option:`--login`.
+   request to the Instagram server for each picture. Requires :ref:`login<login>`.
 
 .. option:: --comments, -C
 
    Download and update comments for each post. This requires an additional
    request to the Instagram server for each post, which is why it is disabled by
-   default.
+   default. Requires :ref:`login<login>`.
 
 .. option:: --no-captions
 
@@ -100,7 +100,6 @@ What to Download of each Post
 
    Do not xz compress JSON files, rather create pretty formatted JSONs.
 
-
 What to Download of each Profile
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -117,12 +116,12 @@ What to Download of each Profile
 .. option:: --stories, -s
 
    Also download stories of each profile that is downloaded. Requires
-   :option:`--login`.
+   :ref:`login<login>`.
 
 .. option:: --highlights
 
    Also download highlights of each profile that is downloaded. Requires
-   :option:`--login`.
+   :ref:`login<login>`.
 
    .. versionadded:: 4.1
 
@@ -132,6 +131,12 @@ What to Download of each Profile
 
    .. versionadded:: 4.1
 
+.. option:: --reels
+
+   Also download Reels videos.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.14
+
 .. option:: --igtv
 
    Also download IGTV videos.
@@ -147,6 +152,23 @@ Which Posts to Download
    This flag is recommended when you use Instaloader to update your personal
    Instagram archive.
 
+.. option:: --latest-stamps [STAMPSFILE]
+
+   Works similarly to :option:`--fast-update`, but instead of relying on already
+   downloaded media, the time each profile was downloaded is stored, and only
+   media newer than the last download is fetched. This allows updating your
+   personal Instagram archive while emptying the target directories.
+
+   Only works for media associated with a specific profile, and that is returned
+   in chronological order: profile posts, profile stories, profile IGTV posts
+   and profile tagged posts.
+
+   By default, the information is stored in
+   ``~/.config/instaloader/latest-stamps.ini``, but you can specify an
+   alternative location.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.8
+
 .. option:: --post-filter filter, --only-if filter
 
    Expression that, if given, must evaluate to True for each post to be
@@ -167,6 +189,7 @@ Which Posts to Download
    Do not attempt to download more than COUNT posts.  Applies to
    ``#hashtag``, ``%location_id``, ``:feed``, and ``:saved``.
 
+.. _login:
 
 Login (Download Private Profiles)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -176,10 +199,34 @@ profiles. To login, pass the :option:`--login` option. Your session cookie (not
 password!) will be saved to a local file to be reused next time you want
 Instaloader to login.
 
+Instead of :option:`--login`, it is possible to use
+:option:`--load-cookies` to import a session from a browser.
+
 .. option:: --login YOUR-USERNAME, -l YOUR-USERNAME
 
    Login name (profile name) for your Instagram account.
 
+.. option:: --load-cookies BROWSER-NAME, -b BROWSER-NAME
+
+   Load Instagram session cookies from a browser instead of using Instaloader's own login mechanism.
+   This method requires the `browser_cookie3 <https://github.com/borisbabic/browser_cookie3>`__ library.
+   By default, cookies are loaded from the browser's main profile, but you can specify a custom cookie file using :option:`--cookiefile`.
+
+   Since :option:`--load-cookies` and :option:`--login` are alternative ways to acquire a session, they cannot be used together when initially acquiring a session.
+
+   Supported browsers: Arc, Brave, Chrome, Chromium, Edge, Firefox, LibreWolf, Opera, Opera_GX, Safari, and Vivaldi.
+
+   Once logged in via browser cookies, Instaloader saves the session, allowing you to use :option:`--login` in subsequent runs.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.11
+
+.. option:: --cookiefile COOKIE-FILE, -B COOKIE-FILE
+
+   Specifies a cookie file path for :option:`--load-cookies` to load cookies from a particular browser profile.
+   This option must be used together with :option:`--load-cookies` and does not work on its own.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.11
+
 .. option:: --sessionfile SESSIONFILE, -f SESSIONFILE
 
    Path for loading and storing session key file.  Defaults to
@@ -206,12 +253,30 @@ How to Download
 
 .. option:: --filename-pattern FILENAME_PATTERN
 
-   Prefix of filenames, relative to the directory given with
+   Prefix of filenames for posts and stories, relative to the directory given with
    :option:`--dirname-pattern`. ``{profile}`` is replaced by the profile name,
    ``{target}`` is replaced by the target you specified, i.e.  either ``:feed``,
    ``#hashtag`` or the profile name. Defaults to ``{date_utc}_UTC``.
    See :ref:`filename-specification` for a list of supported tokens.
 
+.. option:: --title-pattern TITLE_PATTERN
+
+   Prefix of filenames for profile pics, hashtag profile pics, and highlight
+   covers, relative to the directory given with :option:`--dirname-pattern`.
+   Defaults to ``{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}`` if :option:`--dirname-pattern`
+   contains ``{target}`` or ``{profile}``, otherwise defaults to
+   ``{target}_{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}``.
+   See :ref:`filename-specification` for a list of supported tokens.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.8
+
+.. option:: --sanitize-paths
+
+   Force sanitization of paths so that the resulting file and directory names
+   are valid on both Windows and Unix.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.9
+
 .. option:: --resume-prefix prefix
 
    For many targets, Instaloader is capable of resuming a previously-aborted
@@ -224,7 +289,8 @@ How to Download
     - Profile posts,
     - Profile IGTV posts (:option:`--igtv`),
     - Profile tagged posts (:option:`--tagged`),
-    - Saved posts (``:saved``).
+    - Saved posts (``:saved``),
+    - Hashtags.
 
    This feature is enabled by default for targets where it is supported;
    :option:`--resume-prefix` only changes the name of the iterator files.
@@ -246,7 +312,7 @@ How to Download
 .. option:: --user-agent USER_AGENT
 
    User Agent to use for HTTP requests. Per default, Instaloader pretends being
-   Chrome/89 on Linux.
+   Chrome/142 on Linux.
 
 .. option:: --max-connection-attempts N
 
@@ -274,6 +340,12 @@ How to Download
 
    .. versionadded:: 4.7
 
+.. option:: --no-iphone
+
+   Do not attempt to download iPhone version of images and videos.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.8
+
 Miscellaneous Options
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -288,12 +360,13 @@ Miscellaneous Options
    Read arguments from file `args.txt`, a shortcut to provide arguments from
    file rather than command-line. This provides a convenient way to hide login
    info from CLI, and can also be used to simplify management of long arguments.
+   You can provide more than one file at once, e.g.: ``+args1.txt +args2.txt``.
 
    .. note::
 
       Text file should separate arguments with line breaks.
 
-   args.txt example::
+   `args.txt` example::
 
       --login=MYUSERNAME
       --password=MYPASSWORD

docs/codesnippets/113_only_one_per_user.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import instaloader
 
 L = instaloader.Instaloader()
 
-posts = instaloader.Hashtag.from_name(L.context, 'urbanphotography').get_posts()
+posts = instaloader.Hashtag.from_name(L.context, 'urbanphotography').get_posts_resumable()
 
 users = set()
 

docs/codesnippets/615_import_firefox_session.py

@@ -14,8 +14,13 @@ def get_cookiefile():
     default_cookiefile = {
         "Windows": "~/AppData/Roaming/Mozilla/Firefox/Profiles/*/cookies.sqlite",
         "Darwin": "~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles/*/cookies.sqlite",
-    }.get(system(), "~/.mozilla/firefox/*/cookies.sqlite")
-    cookiefiles = glob(expanduser(default_cookiefile))
+    }.get(system(), None)
+    if default_cookiefile:
+        cookiefiles = glob(expanduser(default_cookiefile))
+    else:
+        # Check Firefox 147+ XDG path, then legacy
+        cookiefiles = glob(expanduser("~/.config/mozilla/firefox/*/cookies.sqlite")) or \
+                      glob(expanduser("~/.mozilla/firefox/*/cookies.sqlite"))
     if not cookiefiles:
         raise SystemExit("No Firefox cookies.sqlite file found. Use -c COOKIEFILE.")
     return cookiefiles[0]

docs/codesnippets/666_historical_hashtag_data.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import instaloader
 
 L = instaloader.Instaloader()
 
-posts = instaloader.Hashtag.from_name(L.context, "urbanphotography").get_posts()
+posts = instaloader.Hashtag.from_name(L.context, "urbanphotography").get_posts_resumable()
 
 SINCE = datetime(2020, 5, 10)  # further from today, inclusive
 UNTIL = datetime(2020, 5, 11)  # closer to today, not inclusive

docs/conf.py

@@ -1,56 +1,84 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.
 #
-# Instaloader documentation build configuration file, created by
-# sphinx-quickstart on Fri Aug 25 15:38:26 2017.
-#
-# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its
-# containing dir.
-#
-# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
-# autogenerated file.
-#
-# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
-# serve to show the default.
+# For the full list of built-in configuration values, see the documentation:
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html
 
-# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
-# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
-# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-#
 import os
 import platform
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import typing
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))
 
-import docs.sphinx_autodoc_typehints as sphinx_autodoc_typehints
 
-# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
+# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#project-information
 
-# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-#
-# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+project = 'Instaloader'
+copyright = '2023, Alexander Graf and Andre Koch-Kramer'
+author = 'Alexander Graf and Andre Koch-Kramer'
+
+# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#general-configuration
 
-# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
-# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
-# ones.
 extensions = [
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    'sphinx.ext.githubpages',
-    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
-    'sphinx.ext.extlinks'
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.extlinks",
+    "sphinx.ext.githubpages",
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "sphinxcontrib.jquery",
 ]
 
-autodoc_default_flags = ['show-inheritance', 'members', 'undoc-members']
+# autodoc options
 
-autodoc_member_order = 'bysource'
+autodoc_default_options = {
+    'show-inheritance': True,
+    'members': True,
+    'undoc-members': True,
+}
 
-intersphinx_mapping = {'python': ('https://docs.python.org/3', None),
-                       'requests': ('https://requests.kennethreitz.org/en/master/', None)}
+# extlinks options
 
-nitpick_ignore = [('py:class', 'typing.Tuple')]
+extlinks = {
+    'issue': (
+        'https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues/%s',
+        'Issue #%s'
+    ),
+    'example': (
+        'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/instaloader/instaloader/master/docs/codesnippets/%s',
+        'Example %s'
+    ),
+}
+
+# intersphinx options
+
+intersphinx_mapping = {
+    'python': ('https://docs.python.org/3', None),
+    'requests': ('https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/', None),
+}
+
+# other options
+
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
+
+# ignore TypeVar as it is currently unsupported by Sphinx
+nitpick_ignore = [('py:class', 'instaloader.nodeiterator.T')]
+
+# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
+# https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html#options-for-html-output
+
+pygments_style = 'fruity'
+
+html_theme = 'basic'
+html_static_path = ['_static']
+
+html_logo = "logo.png"
+
+html_css_files = ['instaloaderdoc.css']
+html_js_files = ['instaloaderdoc.js']
+
+# get release number
 
 current_release = subprocess.check_output(["git", "describe", "--abbrev=0"]).decode("ascii")[1:-1]
 date_format = "%e %b %Y" if platform.system() != "Windows" else "%d %b %Y"
@@ -58,322 +86,3 @@ current_release_date = subprocess.check_output(
     ["git", "log", "-1", "--tags", "--format=%ad", "--date=format:"+date_format]).decode("ascii")[:-1]
 
 html_context = {'current_release': current_release, 'current_release_date': current_release_date}
-
-extlinks = {
-    'issue': (
-        'https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues/%s',
-        'Issue #'
-    ),
-    'example': (
-        'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/instaloader/instaloader/master/docs/codesnippets/%s',
-        'Example '
-    ),
-}
-
-# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
-
-# The suffix(es) of source filenames.
-# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
-#
-# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
-source_suffix = '.rst'
-
-# The encoding of source files.
-#
-# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
-
-# The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
-
-# General information about the project.
-project = 'Instaloader'
-copyright = '2017-2020, Alexander Graf and Andre Koch-Kramer'
-author = 'Alexander Graf and Andre Koch-Kramer'
-
-# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
-# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
-# built documents.
-#
-# The short X.Y version.
-#version = '3.0'
-# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-#release = '3.0rc0'
-
-# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
-# for a list of supported languages.
-#
-# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
-# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = "en"
-
-# There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
-# non-false value, then it is used:
-#
-# today = ''
-#
-# Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
-#
-# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
-
-# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
-# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
-# This patterns also effect to html_static_path and html_extra_path
-exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
-
-# The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
-# documents.
-#
-# default_role = None
-
-# If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
-#
-# add_function_parentheses = True
-
-# If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
-# unit titles (such as .. function::).
-#
-add_module_names = False
-
-# If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
-# output. They are ignored by default.
-#
-# show_authors = False
-
-# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = 'fruity'
-
-# A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
-# modindex_common_prefix = []
-
-# If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
-# keep_warnings = False
-
-# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
-todo_include_todos = False
-
-
-# -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
-
-# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
-# a list of builtin themes.
-#
-html_theme = 'basic'
-
-# Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
-# html_theme_path = []
-
-# The name for this set of Sphinx documents.
-# "<project> v<release> documentation" by default.
-#
-# html_title = 'Instaloader v3.0rc0'
-
-# A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
-#
-# html_short_title = None
-
-# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
-# of the sidebar.
-#
-html_logo = "logo.png"
-
-# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to use as a favicon of
-# the docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
-# pixels large.
-#
-html_favicon = "favicon.ico"
-
-# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
-# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
-# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
-
-# Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
-# .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
-# directly to the root of the documentation.
-#
-# html_extra_path = []
-
-# If not None, a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page
-# bottom, using the given strftime format.
-# The empty string is equivalent to '%b %d, %Y'.
-#
-# html_last_updated_fmt = None
-
-# If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
-# typographically correct entities.
-#
-# html_use_smartypants = True
-
-# Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
-#
-#html_sidebars = {'**': ["relations.html", "links.html"] }
-html_sidebars = {}
-
-# Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
-# template names.
-#
-# html_additional_pages = {}
-
-# If false, no module index is generated.
-#
-html_domain_indices = False
-
-# If false, no index is generated.
-#
-html_use_index = True
-
-# If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
-#
-# html_split_index = False
-
-# If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
-#
-html_show_sourcelink = False
-
-# If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#
-html_show_sphinx = False
-
-# If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#
-html_show_copyright = False
-
-# If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
-# contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
-# base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
-#
-# html_use_opensearch = ''
-
-# This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
-# html_file_suffix = None
-
-# Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
-# Sphinx supports the following languages:
-#   'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'h', 'it', 'ja'
-#   'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'r', 'sv', 'tr', 'zh'
-#
-# html_search_language = 'en'
-
-# A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
-# 'ja' uses this config value.
-# 'zh' user can custom change `jieba` dictionary path.
-#
-# html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
-
-# The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
-# implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
-#
-# html_search_scorer = 'scorer.js'
-
-# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'Instaloaderdoc'
-
-# -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
-
-latex_elements = {
-     # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-     #
-     # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
-     # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-     #
-     # 'pointsize': '10pt',
-
-     # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-     #
-     # 'preamble': '',
-
-     # Latex figure (float) alignment
-     #
-     # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
-}
-
-# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
-# (source start file, target name, title,
-#  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
-latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'Instaloader.tex', 'Instaloader Documentation',
-     'Alexander Graf, André Koch-Kramer', 'manual'),
-]
-
-# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
-# the title page.
-#
-# latex_logo = None
-
-# For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
-# not chapters.
-#
-# latex_use_parts = False
-
-# If true, show page references after internal links.
-#
-# latex_show_pagerefs = False
-
-# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#
-# latex_show_urls = False
-
-# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#
-# latex_appendices = []
-
-# It false, will not define \strong, \code, 	itleref, \crossref ... but only
-# \sphinxstrong, ..., \sphinxtitleref, ... To help avoid clash with user added
-# packages.
-#
-# latex_keep_old_macro_names = True
-
-# If false, no module index is generated.
-#
-# latex_domain_indices = True
-
-
-# -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
-
-# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
-# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, 'instaloader', 'Instaloader Documentation',
-     [author], 1)
-]
-
-# If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#
-# man_show_urls = False
-
-
-# -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
-
-# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
-# (source start file, target name, title, author,
-#  dir menu entry, description, category)
-texinfo_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'Instaloader', 'Instaloader Documentation',
-     author, 'Instaloader', 'One line description of project.',
-     'Miscellaneous'),
-]
-
-# Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#
-# texinfo_appendices = []
-
-# If false, no module index is generated.
-#
-# texinfo_domain_indices = True
-
-# How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
-#
-# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
-
-# If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
-#
-# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
-
-
-def setup(app):
-    typing.TYPE_CHECKING = True
-    app.add_stylesheet("instaloaderdoc.css")
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-signature', sphinx_autodoc_typehints.process_signature)
-    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', sphinx_autodoc_typehints.process_docstring)

docs/contributing.rst

@@ -74,6 +74,14 @@ Improvements of the Instaloader source or its documentation can be proposed as a
     - a bug fix that does require thorough testing before being released to a
       final version.
 
+- Keep Pull Requests focused: address a single problem or feature in a
+  self-contained change. Avoid bundling multiple independent fixes, refactorings,
+  or architectural changes into one pull request, as this makes it hard to
+  review, validate, or selectively merge them.
+
+- Be mindful of backward compatibility: changes should preserve existing intended
+  behavior whenever possible.
+
 - All Pull Requests are analyzed by `Pylint <https://www.pylint.org/>`__ for
   error and syntax checking of the source and
   `Mypy <https://github.com/python/mypy>`__ for type checking. You can run them
@@ -132,21 +140,9 @@ details. If you feel the need to do so, please create a "feature suggestion".
   be implemented and the underlying problem could be solved. Also **describe
   alternatives** that you have considered.
 
-Donations
----------
+Sponsoring
+----------
 
-.. donations-start
-
-It is a pleasure for us to share our Instaloader to the world, and we are proud
-to have attracted such an active and motivating community, with so many users
-who share their suggestions and ideas with us. Buying a community-sponsored beer
-or coffee from time to time is very likely to further raise our passion for the
-development of Instaloader.
-
-| For donations, we provide a PayPal.Me link and a Bitcoin address.
-|  `PayPal.me/aandergr <https://www.paypal.me/aandergr>`__
-|  BTC: 1Nst4LoadeYzrKjJ1DX9CpbLXBYE9RKLwY
-
-.. donations-end
-
-.. (Discussion in :issue:`130`)
+.. include:: sponsors.rst
+   :start-after: donations-start
+   :end-before: donations-end

docs/index.rst

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ See :ref:`install` for more options on how to install Instaloader.
 ::
 
     instaloader [--comments] [--geotags]
-                [--stories] [--highlights] [--tagged] [--igtv]
+                [--stories] [--highlights] [--tagged] [--reels] [--igtv]
                 [--login YOUR-USERNAME] [--fast-update]
                 profile | "#hashtag" | %location_id |
                 :stories | :feed | :saved
@@ -78,13 +78,6 @@ Useful Links
 - `Issue Tracker / Bug Tracker <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues>`__
 - `Version History <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/releases>`__
 
-Disclaimer
-----------
-
-.. include:: ../README.rst
-   :start-after: disclaimer-start
-   :end-before: disclaimer-end
-
 Contributing
 ------------
 
@@ -92,10 +85,20 @@ As an open source project, Instaloader heavily depends on the contributions from
 its community. See :ref:`contributing` for how you may help Instaloader to
 become an even greater tool.
 
-.. include:: contributing.rst
+Supporters
+----------
+
+.. include:: sponsors.rst
    :start-after: donations-start
    :end-before: donations-end
 
+Disclaimer
+----------
+
+.. include:: ../README.rst
+   :start-after: disclaimer-start
+   :end-before: disclaimer-end
+
 ..
    * :ref:`genindex`
    * :ref:`modindex`

docs/installation.rst

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Install Instaloader
 To **install Instaloader**,
 
 #. Ensure that you have `Python <https://www.python.org/>`__, at least
-   version 3.6, and `pip <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>`__
+   version 3.8, and `pip <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>`__
    installed.
 
 #. Then, install Instaloader using::

docs/module/exceptions.rst

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Exceptions
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. module:: instaloader
-   :noindex:
+   :no-index:
 
 .. highlight:: python
 
@@ -27,16 +27,26 @@ Exceptions
 
 .. autoexception:: LoginRequiredException
 
+.. autoexception:: LoginException
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.12
+
 .. autoexception:: TwoFactorAuthRequiredException
 
    .. versionadded:: 4.2
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 4.12
+      Inherits LoginException
+
 .. autoexception:: InvalidArgumentException
 
 .. autoexception:: BadResponseException
 
 .. autoexception:: BadCredentialsException
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 4.12
+      Inherits LoginException
+
 .. autoexception:: PostChangedException
 
 .. autoexception:: QueryReturnedNotFoundException

docs/module/instaloader.rst

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. module:: instaloader
-   :noindex:
+   :no-index:
 
 .. highlight:: python
 

docs/module/instaloadercontext.rst

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. module:: instaloader
-   :noindex:
+   :no-index:
 
 .. highlight:: python
 

docs/module/nodeiterator.rst

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Resumable Iterations
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. module:: instaloader
-   :noindex:
+   :no-index:
 
 .. highlight:: python
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Iterator :class:`NodeIterator` and a context manager
 
    It can be serialized and deserialized with :func:`save_structure_to_file`
    and :func:`load_structure_from_file`, as well as with :mod:`json` and
-   :mod:`pickle` thanks to being a :func:`~collections.namedtuple`.
+   :mod:`pickle` thanks to being a :class:`~typing.NamedTuple`.
 
 ``resumable_iteration``
 """""""""""""""""""""""

docs/module/structures.rst

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Instagram Structures
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 .. module:: instaloader
-   :noindex:
+   :no-index:
 
 .. highlight:: python
 
@@ -71,12 +71,30 @@ TopSearchResults
 
    .. versionadded:: 4.3
 
+TitlePic
+""""""""
+
+.. autoclass:: TitlePic
+   :no-show-inheritance:
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.8
+
 Loading and Saving
 """"""""""""""""""
 
 :class:`Post`, :class:`StoryItem`, :class:`Profile`, :class:`Hashtag` and
 :class:`FrozenNodeIterator` can be saved and loaded to/from JSON files.
 
+.. autofunction:: load_structure
+
 .. autofunction:: load_structure_from_file
 
+.. autofunction:: get_json_structure
+
 .. autofunction:: save_structure_to_file
+
+LatestStamps
+""""""""""""
+
+.. autoclass:: LatestStamps
+   :no-show-inheritance:

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-requests
-sphinx~=2.3

docs/sphinx_autodoc_typehints.py

@@ -1,251 +0,0 @@
-# sphinx_autodoc_typehints from Nov 20 2018 (version 1.5.2).
-#  https://github.com/agronholm/sphinx-autodoc-typehints
-# (slightly modified to fix class links, maybe related to agronholm/sphinx-autodoc-typehints#38)
-#
-# This is the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
-#
-# Copyright (c) Alex Grönholm
-#
-# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
-# software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
-# without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
-# publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
-# to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-#
-# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
-# substantial portions of the Software.
-#
-# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
-# INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
-# PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
-# FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
-# OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
-# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-#
-
-
-import inspect
-from typing import get_type_hints, TypeVar, Any, AnyStr, Generic, Union
-
-from sphinx.util import logging
-from sphinx.util.inspect import Signature
-
-try:
-    from inspect import unwrap
-except ImportError:
-    def unwrap(func, *, stop=None):
-        """This is the inspect.unwrap() method copied from Python 3.5's standard library."""
-        if stop is None:
-            def _is_wrapper(f):
-                return hasattr(f, '__wrapped__')
-        else:
-            def _is_wrapper(f):
-                return hasattr(f, '__wrapped__') and not stop(f)
-        f = func  # remember the original func for error reporting
-        memo = {id(f)}  # Memoise by id to tolerate non-hashable objects
-        while _is_wrapper(func):
-            func = func.__wrapped__
-            id_func = id(func)
-            if id_func in memo:
-                raise ValueError('wrapper loop when unwrapping {!r}'.format(f))
-            memo.add(id_func)
-        return func
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-def format_annotation(annotation):
-    if inspect.isclass(annotation) and annotation.__module__ == 'builtins':
-        if annotation.__qualname__ == 'NoneType':
-            return '``None``'
-        else:
-            return ':py:class:`{}`'.format(annotation.__qualname__)
-
-    annotation_cls = annotation if inspect.isclass(annotation) else type(annotation)
-    class_name = None
-    if annotation_cls.__module__ == 'typing':
-        params = None
-        prefix = ':py:class:'
-        module = 'typing'
-        extra = ''
-
-        if inspect.isclass(getattr(annotation, '__origin__', None)):
-            annotation_cls = annotation.__origin__
-            try:
-                if Generic in annotation_cls.mro():
-                    module = annotation_cls.__module__
-            except TypeError:
-                pass  # annotation_cls was either the "type" object or typing.Type
-
-        if annotation is Any:
-            return ':py:data:`~typing.Any`'
-        elif annotation is AnyStr:
-            return ':py:data:`~typing.AnyStr`'
-        elif isinstance(annotation, TypeVar):
-            return '\\%r' % annotation
-        elif (annotation is Union or getattr(annotation, '__origin__', None) is Union or
-              hasattr(annotation, '__union_params__')):
-            prefix = ':py:data:'
-            class_name = 'Union'
-            if hasattr(annotation, '__union_params__'):
-                params = annotation.__union_params__
-            elif hasattr(annotation, '__args__'):
-                params = annotation.__args__
-
-            if params and len(params) == 2 and (hasattr(params[1], '__qualname__') and
-                                                params[1].__qualname__ == 'NoneType'):
-                class_name = 'Optional'
-                params = (params[0],)
-        elif annotation_cls.__qualname__ == 'Tuple' and hasattr(annotation, '__tuple_params__'):
-            params = annotation.__tuple_params__
-            if annotation.__tuple_use_ellipsis__:
-                params += (Ellipsis,)
-        elif annotation_cls.__qualname__ == 'Callable':
-            prefix = ':py:data:'
-            arg_annotations = result_annotation = None
-            if hasattr(annotation, '__result__'):
-                arg_annotations = annotation.__args__
-                result_annotation = annotation.__result__
-            elif getattr(annotation, '__args__', None):
-                arg_annotations = annotation.__args__[:-1]
-                result_annotation = annotation.__args__[-1]
-
-            if arg_annotations in (Ellipsis, (Ellipsis,)):
-                params = [Ellipsis, result_annotation]
-            elif arg_annotations is not None:
-                params = [
-                    '\\[{}]'.format(
-                        ', '.join(format_annotation(param) for param in arg_annotations)),
-                    result_annotation
-                ]
-        elif hasattr(annotation, 'type_var'):
-            # Type alias
-            class_name = annotation.name
-            params = (annotation.type_var,)
-        elif getattr(annotation, '__args__', None) is not None:
-            params = annotation.__args__
-        elif hasattr(annotation, '__parameters__'):
-            params = annotation.__parameters__
-
-        if params:
-            extra = '\\[{}]'.format(', '.join(format_annotation(param) for param in params))
-
-        if not class_name:
-            class_name = annotation_cls.__qualname__.title()
-
-        return '{}`~{}.{}`{}'.format(prefix, module, class_name, extra)
-    elif annotation is Ellipsis:
-        return '...'
-    elif inspect.isclass(annotation) or inspect.isclass(getattr(annotation, '__origin__', None)):
-        if not inspect.isclass(annotation):
-            annotation_cls = annotation.__origin__
-
-        extra = ''
-        if Generic in annotation_cls.mro():
-            params = (getattr(annotation, '__parameters__', None) or
-                      getattr(annotation, '__args__', None))
-            extra = '\\[{}]'.format(', '.join(format_annotation(param) for param in params))
-
-        module = annotation.__module__.split('.')[0]    # hack to 'fix' class linking for Instaloader project
-        return ':py:class:`~{}.{}`{}'.format(module, annotation_cls.__qualname__,
-                                             extra)
-
-    return str(annotation)
-
-
-def process_signature(app, what: str, name: str, obj, options, signature, return_annotation):
-    if not callable(obj):
-        return
-
-    if what in ('class', 'exception'):
-        obj = getattr(obj, '__init__', getattr(obj, '__new__', None))
-
-    if not getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None):
-        return
-
-    obj = unwrap(obj)
-    signature = Signature(obj)
-    parameters = [
-        param.replace(annotation=inspect.Parameter.empty)
-        for param in signature.signature.parameters.values()
-    ]
-
-    if parameters:
-        if what in ('class', 'exception'):
-            del parameters[0]
-        elif what == 'method':
-            outer = inspect.getmodule(obj)
-            for clsname in obj.__qualname__.split('.')[:-1]:
-                outer = getattr(outer, clsname)
-
-            method_name = obj.__name__
-            if method_name.startswith("__") and not method_name.endswith("__"):
-                # If the method starts with double underscore (dunder)
-                # Python applies mangling so we need to prepend the class name.
-                # This doesn't happen if it always ends with double underscore.
-                class_name = obj.__qualname__.split('.')[-2]
-                method_name = "_{c}{m}".format(c=class_name, m=method_name)
-
-            method_object = outer.__dict__[method_name]
-            if not isinstance(method_object, (classmethod, staticmethod)):
-                del parameters[0]
-
-    signature.signature = signature.signature.replace(
-        parameters=parameters,
-        return_annotation=inspect.Signature.empty)
-
-    return signature.format_args().replace('\\', '\\\\'), None
-
-
-def process_docstring(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
-    if isinstance(obj, property):
-        obj = obj.fget
-
-    if callable(obj):
-        if what in ('class', 'exception'):
-            obj = getattr(obj, '__init__')
-
-        obj = unwrap(obj)
-        try:
-            type_hints = get_type_hints(obj)
-        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
-            # Introspecting a slot wrapper will raise TypeError
-            return
-        except NameError as exc:
-            logger.warning('Cannot resolve forward reference in type annotations of "%s": %s',
-                           name, exc)
-            type_hints = obj.__annotations__
-
-        for argname, annotation in type_hints.items():
-            if argname.endswith('_'):
-                argname = '{}\\_'.format(argname[:-1])
-
-            formatted_annotation = format_annotation(annotation)
-
-            if argname == 'return':
-                if what in ('class', 'exception'):
-                    # Don't add return type None from __init__()
-                    continue
-
-                insert_index = len(lines)
-                for i, line in enumerate(lines):
-                    if line.startswith(':rtype:'):
-                        insert_index = None
-                        break
-                    elif line.startswith(':return:') or line.startswith(':returns:'):
-                        insert_index = i
-
-                if insert_index is not None:
-                    if insert_index == len(lines):
-                        # Ensure that :rtype: doesn't get joined with a paragraph of text, which
-                        # prevents it being interpreted.
-                        lines.append('')
-                        insert_index += 1
-
-                    lines.insert(insert_index, ':rtype: {}'.format(formatted_annotation))
-            else:
-                searchfor = ':param {}:'.format(argname)
-                for i, line in enumerate(lines):
-                    if line.startswith(searchfor):
-                        lines.insert(i, ':type {}: {}'.format(argname, formatted_annotation))
-                        break

docs/sponsors.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+.. _sponsors:
+
+Sponsoring the development of Instaloader
+=========================================
+
+.. donations-start
+
+.. include:: ../README.rst
+   :start-after: current-sponsors-start
+   :end-before: current-sponsors-end
+
+It is a pleasure for us to share our Instaloader to the world, and we are proud
+to have attracted such an active and motivating community, with so many users
+who share their suggestions and ideas with us. Buying a community-sponsored beer
+or coffee from time to time is very likely to further raise our passion for the
+development of Instaloader.
+
+| For Donations, we provide GitHub Sponsors page, a PayPal.Me link and a Bitcoin address.
+|  GitHub Sponsors: `Sponsor @aandergr on GitHub Sponsors <https://github.com/sponsors/aandergr>`__
+|  PayPal: `PayPal.me/aandergr <https://www.paypal.me/aandergr>`__
+|  BTC: 1Nst4LoadeYzrKjJ1DX9CpbLXBYE9RKLwY
+
+.. donations-end

docs/troubleshooting.rst

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ happen under normal conditions, consider adjusting the
 There have been observations that services, that in their nature offer
 promiscuous IP addresses, such as cloud, VPN and public proxy services, might be
 subject to significantly stricter limits for anonymous access. However,
-logged-in accesses (see :option:`--login`) do not seem to be affected.
+:ref:`logged-in accesses<login>` do not seem to be affected.
 
 Instaloader allows to adjust the rate controlling behavior by overriding
 :class:`instaloader.RateController`.
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ Two-Factor-Authentication. It also supports handling the *checkpoint challenge*,
 issued when Instagram suspects authentication activity on your account, by
 pointing the user to an URL to be opened in a browser.
 
-Nevertheless, in :issue:`92` and :issue:`615` users reported problems with
+Nevertheless, in :issue:`92`, :issue:`615`, :issue:`1150` and :issue:`1217`,
+users reported problems with
 logging in. We recommend to always keep the session file which Instaloader
 creates when using :option:`--login`. If a session file is present,
 :option:`--login` does not make use of the failure-prone login procedure.

instaloader/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Download pictures (or videos) along with their captions and other metadata from Instagram."""
 
 
-__version__ = '4.7.3'
+__version__ = '4.15.4'
 
 
 try:
@@ -13,8 +13,26 @@ else:
     win_unicode_console.enable()
 
 from .exceptions import *
-from .instaloader import Instaloader
-from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext, RateController
-from .nodeiterator import NodeIterator, FrozenNodeIterator, resumable_iteration
-from .structures import (Hashtag, Highlight, Post, PostSidecarNode, PostComment, PostCommentAnswer, PostLocation,
-                         Profile, Story, StoryItem, TopSearchResults, load_structure_from_file, save_structure_to_file)
+from .instaloader import Instaloader as Instaloader
+from .instaloadercontext import (InstaloaderContext as InstaloaderContext,
+                                 RateController as RateController)
+from .lateststamps import LatestStamps as LatestStamps
+from .nodeiterator import (NodeIterator as NodeIterator,
+                           FrozenNodeIterator as FrozenNodeIterator,
+                           resumable_iteration as resumable_iteration)
+from .structures import (Hashtag as Hashtag,
+                         Highlight as Highlight,
+                         Post as Post,
+                         PostSidecarNode as PostSidecarNode,
+                         PostComment as PostComment,
+                         PostCommentAnswer as PostCommentAnswer,
+                         PostLocation as PostLocation,
+                         Profile as Profile,
+                         Story as Story,
+                         StoryItem as StoryItem,
+                         TopSearchResults as TopSearchResults,
+                         TitlePic as TitlePic,
+                         load_structure_from_file as load_structure_from_file,
+                         save_structure_to_file as save_structure_to_file,
+                         load_structure as load_structure,
+                         get_json_structure as get_json_structure)

instaloader/__main__.py

@@ -6,22 +6,38 @@ import os
 import re
 import sys
 from argparse import ArgumentParser, ArgumentTypeError, SUPPRESS
+from enum import IntEnum
 from typing import List, Optional
 
 from . import (AbortDownloadException, BadCredentialsException, Instaloader, InstaloaderException,
-               InvalidArgumentException, Post, Profile, ProfileNotExistsException, StoryItem,
+               InvalidArgumentException, LoginException, Post, Profile, ProfileNotExistsException, StoryItem,
                TwoFactorAuthRequiredException, __version__, load_structure_from_file)
-from .instaloader import get_default_session_filename
+from .instaloader import (get_default_session_filename, get_default_stamps_filename)
 from .instaloadercontext import default_user_agent
+from .lateststamps import LatestStamps
+try:
+    import browser_cookie3
+    bc3_library = True
+except ImportError:
+    bc3_library = False
 
 
+class ExitCode(IntEnum):
+    SUCCESS = 0
+    NON_FATAL_ERROR = 1
+    INIT_FAILURE = 2
+    LOGIN_FAILURE = 3
+    DOWNLOAD_ABORTED = 4
+    USER_ABORTED = 5
+    UNEXPECTED_ERROR = 99
+
 def usage_string():
     # NOTE: duplicated in README.rst and docs/index.rst
     argv0 = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
     argv0 = "instaloader" if argv0 == "__main__.py" else argv0
     return """
 {0} [--comments] [--geotags]
-{2:{1}} [--stories] [--highlights] [--tagged] [--igtv]
+{2:{1}} [--stories] [--highlights] [--tagged] [--reels] [--igtv]
 {2:{1}} [--login YOUR-USERNAME] [--fast-update]
 {2:{1}} profile | "#hashtag" | %%location_id | :stories | :feed | :saved
 {0} --help""".format(argv0, len(argv0), '')
@@ -44,7 +60,6 @@ def filterstr_to_filterfunc(filter_str: str, item_type: type):
 
     class TransformFilterAst(ast.NodeTransformer):
         def visit_Name(self, node: ast.Name):
-            # pylint:disable=no-self-use
             if not isinstance(node.ctx, ast.Load):
                 raise InvalidArgumentException("Invalid filter: Modifying variables ({}) not allowed.".format(node.id))
             if node.id == "datetime":
@@ -67,6 +82,53 @@ def filterstr_to_filterfunc(filter_str: str, item_type: type):
     return filterfunc
 
 
+def get_cookies_from_instagram(domain: str, browser: str, cookie_file: Optional[str] = None):
+    supported_browsers = {
+        "brave": browser_cookie3.brave,
+        "chrome": browser_cookie3.chrome,
+        "chromium": browser_cookie3.chromium,
+        "edge": browser_cookie3.edge,
+        "firefox": browser_cookie3.firefox,
+        "librewolf": browser_cookie3.librewolf,
+        "opera": browser_cookie3.opera,
+        "opera_gx": browser_cookie3.opera_gx,
+        "safari": browser_cookie3.safari,
+        "vivaldi": browser_cookie3.vivaldi,
+    }
+
+    if browser not in supported_browsers:
+        raise InvalidArgumentException("Loading cookies from the specified browser failed\n"
+                                       "Supported browsers are Brave, Chrome, Chromium, Edge, Firefox, LibreWolf, "
+                                       "Opera, Opera_GX, Safari and Vivaldi")
+
+    cookies = {}
+    browser_cookies = list(supported_browsers[browser](cookie_file=cookie_file))
+
+    for cookie in browser_cookies:
+        if domain in cookie.domain:
+            cookies[cookie.name] = cookie.value
+
+    if cookies:
+        print(f"Cookies loaded successfully from {browser}")
+    else:
+        raise LoginException(f"No cookies found for Instagram in {browser}, "
+                             f"Are you logged in successfully in {browser}?")
+
+    return cookies
+
+
+def import_session(browser: str, instaloader: Instaloader, cookiefile: Optional[str]):
+    cookie = get_cookies_from_instagram('instagram', browser, cookiefile)
+    if cookie is not None:
+        instaloader.context.update_cookies(cookie)
+        username = instaloader.test_login()
+        if not username:
+            raise LoginException(f"Not logged in. Are you logged in successfully in {browser}?")
+        instaloader.context.username = username
+        print(f"{username} has been successfully logged in.")
+        print(f"Next time use --login={username} to reuse the same session.")
+
+
 def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
           username: Optional[str] = None, password: Optional[str] = None,
           sessionfile: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -74,10 +136,14 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
           download_stories: bool = False,
           download_highlights: bool = False,
           download_tagged: bool = False,
+          download_reels: bool = False,
           download_igtv: bool = False,
           fast_update: bool = False,
+          latest_stamps_file: Optional[str] = None,
           max_count: Optional[int] = None, post_filter_str: Optional[str] = None,
-          storyitem_filter_str: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+          storyitem_filter_str: Optional[str] = None,
+          browser: Optional[str] = None,
+          cookiefile: Optional[str] = None) -> ExitCode:
     """Download set of profiles, hashtags etc. and handle logging in and session files if desired."""
     # Parse and generate filter function
     post_filter = None
@@ -88,6 +154,15 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
     if storyitem_filter_str is not None:
         storyitem_filter = filterstr_to_filterfunc(storyitem_filter_str, StoryItem)
         instaloader.context.log('Only download storyitems with property "{}".'.format(storyitem_filter_str))
+    latest_stamps = None
+    if latest_stamps_file is not None:
+        latest_stamps = LatestStamps(latest_stamps_file)
+        instaloader.context.log(f"Using latest stamps from {latest_stamps_file}.")
+    # load cookies if browser is not None
+    if browser and bc3_library:
+        import_session(browser.lower(), instaloader, cookiefile)
+    elif browser and not bc3_library:
+        raise InvalidArgumentException("browser_cookie3 library is needed to load cookies from browsers")
     # Login, if desired
     if username is not None:
         if not re.match(r"^[A-Za-z0-9._]+$", username):
@@ -103,6 +178,10 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
                 try:
                     instaloader.login(username, password)
                 except TwoFactorAuthRequiredException:
+                    # https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues/1217
+                    instaloader.context.error("Warning: There have been reports of 2FA currently not working. "
+                                              "Consider importing session cookies from your browser with "
+                                              "--load-cookies.")
                     while True:
                         try:
                             code = input("Enter 2FA verification code: ")
@@ -112,14 +191,19 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
                             print(err, file=sys.stderr)
                             pass
             else:
-                instaloader.interactive_login(username)
+                try:
+                    instaloader.interactive_login(username)
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    print("\nInterrupted by user.", file=sys.stderr)
+                    return ExitCode.USER_ABORTED
         instaloader.context.log("Logged in as %s." % username)
     # since 4.2.9 login is required for geotags
     if instaloader.download_geotags and not instaloader.context.is_logged_in:
-        instaloader.context.error("Warning: Use --login to download geotags of posts.")
+        instaloader.context.error("Warning: Login is required to download geotags of posts.")
     # Try block for KeyboardInterrupt (save session on ^C)
     profiles = set()
     anonymous_retry_profiles = set()
+    exit_code = ExitCode.SUCCESS
     try:
         # Generate set of profiles, already downloading non-profile targets
         for target in targetlist:
@@ -172,11 +256,13 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
                     instaloader.download_saved_posts(fast_update=fast_update, max_count=max_count,
                                                      post_filter=post_filter)
                 elif re.match(r"^[A-Za-z0-9._]+$", target):
+                    download_profile_content = download_posts or download_tagged or download_reels or download_igtv
                     try:
-                        profile = instaloader.check_profile_id(target)
+                        profile = instaloader.check_profile_id(target, latest_stamps)
                         if instaloader.context.is_logged_in and profile.has_blocked_viewer:
-                            if download_profile_pic or ((download_posts or download_tagged or download_igtv)
-                                                        and not profile.is_private):
+                            if download_profile_pic or (
+                                download_profile_content and not profile.is_private
+                            ):
                                 raise ProfileNotExistsException("{} blocked you; But we download her anonymously."
                                                                 .format(target))
                             else:
@@ -186,13 +272,13 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
                     except ProfileNotExistsException as err:
                         # Not only our profile.has_blocked_viewer condition raises ProfileNotExistsException,
                         # check_profile_id() also does, since access to blocked profile may be responded with 404.
-                        if instaloader.context.is_logged_in and (download_profile_pic or download_posts or
-                                                                 download_tagged or download_igtv):
+                        if instaloader.context.is_logged_in and (download_profile_pic or download_profile_content):
                             instaloader.context.log(err)
                             instaloader.context.log("Trying again anonymously, helps in case you are just blocked.")
                             with instaloader.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_loader:
                                 with instaloader.context.error_catcher():
-                                    anonymous_retry_profiles.add(anonymous_loader.check_profile_id(target))
+                                    anonymous_retry_profiles.add(anonymous_loader.check_profile_id(target,
+                                                                                                   latest_stamps))
                                     instaloader.context.error("Warning: {} will be downloaded anonymously (\"{}\")."
                                                               .format(target, err))
                         else:
@@ -207,23 +293,44 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
         if len(profiles) > 1:
             instaloader.context.log("Downloading {} profiles: {}".format(len(profiles),
                                                                          ' '.join([p.username for p in profiles])))
-        if profiles and (download_profile_pic or download_posts) and not instaloader.context.is_logged_in:
-            instaloader.context.log("Hint: Use --login to download higher-quality versions of pictures.")
-        instaloader.download_profiles(profiles,
-                                      download_profile_pic, download_posts, download_tagged, download_igtv,
-                                      download_highlights, download_stories,
-                                      fast_update, post_filter, storyitem_filter)
+        if instaloader.context.iphone_support and profiles and (download_profile_pic or download_posts) and \
+           not instaloader.context.is_logged_in:
+            instaloader.context.log("Hint: Login to download higher-quality versions of pictures.")
+        instaloader.download_profiles(
+            profiles,
+            download_profile_pic,
+            download_posts,
+            download_tagged,
+            download_igtv,
+            download_highlights,
+            download_stories,
+            fast_update,
+            post_filter,
+            storyitem_filter,
+            latest_stamps=latest_stamps,
+            reels=download_reels,
+        )
         if anonymous_retry_profiles:
             instaloader.context.log("Downloading anonymously: {}"
                                     .format(' '.join([p.username for p in anonymous_retry_profiles])))
             with instaloader.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_loader:
-                anonymous_loader.download_profiles(anonymous_retry_profiles,
-                                                   download_profile_pic, download_posts, download_tagged, download_igtv,
-                                                   fast_update=fast_update, post_filter=post_filter)
+                anonymous_loader.download_profiles(
+                    anonymous_retry_profiles,
+                    download_profile_pic,
+                    download_posts,
+                    download_tagged,
+                    download_igtv,
+                    fast_update=fast_update,
+                    post_filter=post_filter,
+                    latest_stamps=latest_stamps,
+                    reels=download_reels
+                )
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         print("\nInterrupted by user.", file=sys.stderr)
+        exit_code = ExitCode.USER_ABORTED
     except AbortDownloadException as exc:
         print("\nDownload aborted: {}.".format(exc), file=sys.stderr)
+        exit_code = ExitCode.DOWNLOAD_ABORTED
     # Save session if it is useful
     if instaloader.context.is_logged_in:
         instaloader.save_session_to_file(sessionfile)
@@ -235,6 +342,8 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
         else:
             # Instaloader did not do anything
             instaloader.context.log("usage:" + usage_string())
+            exit_code = ExitCode.INIT_FAILURE
+    return exit_code
 
 
 def main():
@@ -250,17 +359,17 @@ def main():
                            help="Download profile. If an already-downloaded profile has been renamed, Instaloader "
                                 "automatically finds it by its unique ID and renames the folder likewise.")
     g_targets.add_argument('_at_profile', nargs='*', metavar="@profile",
-                           help="Download all followees of profile. Requires --login. "
+                           help="Download all followees of profile. Requires login. "
                                 "Consider using :feed rather than @yourself.")
     g_targets.add_argument('_hashtag', nargs='*', metavar='"#hashtag"', help="Download #hashtag.")
     g_targets.add_argument('_location', nargs='*', metavar='%location_id',
-                           help="Download %%location_id. Requires --login.")
+                           help="Download %%location_id. Requires login.")
     g_targets.add_argument('_feed', nargs='*', metavar=":feed",
-                           help="Download pictures from your feed. Requires --login.")
+                           help="Download pictures from your feed. Requires login.")
     g_targets.add_argument('_stories', nargs='*', metavar=":stories",
-                           help="Download the stories of your followees. Requires --login.")
+                           help="Download the stories of your followees. Requires login.")
     g_targets.add_argument('_saved', nargs='*', metavar=":saved",
-                           help="Download the posts that you marked as saved. Requires --login.")
+                           help="Download the posts that you marked as saved. Requires login.")
     g_targets.add_argument('_singlepost', nargs='*', metavar="-- -shortcode",
                            help="Download the post with the given shortcode")
     g_targets.add_argument('_json', nargs='*', metavar="filename.json[.xz]",
@@ -291,11 +400,11 @@ def main():
                         help='Download geotags when available. Geotags are stored as a '
                              'text file with the location\'s name and a Google Maps link. '
                              'This requires an additional request to the Instagram '
-                             'server for each picture. Requires --login.')
+                             'server for each picture. Requires login.')
     g_post.add_argument('-C', '--comments', action='store_true',
                         help='Download and update comments for each post. '
                              'This requires an additional request to the Instagram '
-                             'server for each post, which is why it is disabled by default.')
+                             'server for each post, which is why it is disabled by default. Requires login.')
     g_post.add_argument('--no-captions', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not create txt files.')
     g_post.add_argument('--post-metadata-txt', action='append',
@@ -309,13 +418,15 @@ def main():
     g_post.add_argument('--no-compress-json', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not xz compress JSON files, rather create pretty formatted JSONs.')
     g_prof.add_argument('-s', '--stories', action='store_true',
-                        help='Also download stories of each profile that is downloaded. Requires --login.')
+                        help='Also download stories of each profile that is downloaded. Requires login.')
     g_prof.add_argument('--stories-only', action='store_true',
                         help=SUPPRESS)
     g_prof.add_argument('--highlights', action='store_true',
-                        help='Also download highlights of each profile that is downloaded. Requires --login.')
+                        help='Also download highlights of each profile that is downloaded. Requires login.')
     g_prof.add_argument('--tagged', action='store_true',
                         help='Also download posts where each profile is tagged.')
+    g_prof.add_argument('--reels', action='store_true',
+                        help='Also download Reels videos.')
     g_prof.add_argument('--igtv', action='store_true',
                         help='Also download IGTV videos.')
 
@@ -324,7 +435,10 @@ def main():
     g_cond.add_argument('-F', '--fast-update', action='store_true',
                         help='For each target, stop when encountering the first already-downloaded picture. This '
                              'flag is recommended when you use Instaloader to update your personal Instagram archive.')
-
+    g_cond.add_argument('--latest-stamps', nargs='?', metavar='STAMPSFILE', const=get_default_stamps_filename(),
+                        help='Store the timestamps of latest media scraped for each profile. This allows updating '
+                             'your personal Instagram archive even if you delete the destination directories. '
+                             'If STAMPSFILE is not provided, defaults to ' + get_default_stamps_filename())
     g_cond.add_argument('--post-filter', '--only-if', metavar='filter',
                         help='Expression that, if given, must evaluate to True for each post to be downloaded. Must be '
                              'a syntactically valid python expression. Variables are evaluated to '
@@ -342,9 +456,14 @@ def main():
                                         'Instaloader can login to Instagram. This allows downloading private profiles. '
                                         'To login, pass the --login option. Your session cookie (not your password!) '
                                         'will be saved to a local file to be reused next time you want Instaloader '
-                                        'to login.')
+                                        'to login. Instead of --login, the --load-cookies option can be used to '
+                                        'import a session from a browser.')
     g_login.add_argument('-l', '--login', metavar='YOUR-USERNAME',
                          help='Login name (profile name) for your Instagram account.')
+    g_login.add_argument('-b', '--load-cookies', metavar='BROWSER-NAME',
+                         help='Browser name to load cookies from Instagram')
+    g_login.add_argument('-B', '--cookiefile', metavar='COOKIE-FILE',
+                         help='Cookie file of a profile to load cookies')
     g_login.add_argument('-f', '--sessionfile',
                          help='Path for loading and storing session key file. '
                               'Defaults to ' + get_default_session_filename("<login_name>"))
@@ -359,13 +478,21 @@ def main():
                             '{target} is replaced by the target you specified, i.e. either :feed, #hashtag or the '
                             'profile name. Defaults to \'{target}\'.')
     g_how.add_argument('--filename-pattern',
-                       help='Prefix of filenames, relative to the directory given with '
+                       help='Prefix of filenames for posts and stories, relative to the directory given with '
                             '--dirname-pattern. {profile} is replaced by the profile name,'
                             '{target} is replaced by the target you specified, i.e. either :feed'
                             '#hashtag or the profile name. Defaults to \'{date_utc}_UTC\'')
+    g_how.add_argument('--title-pattern',
+                       help='Prefix of filenames for profile pics, hashtag profile pics, and highlight covers. '
+                            'Defaults to \'{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}\' if --dirname-pattern contains \'{target}\' '
+                            'or \'{dirname}\', or if --dirname-pattern is not specified. Otherwise defaults to '
+                            '\'{target}_{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}\'.')
     g_how.add_argument('--resume-prefix', metavar='PREFIX',
                        help='Prefix for filenames that are used to save the information to resume an interrupted '
                             'download.')
+    g_how.add_argument('--sanitize-paths', action='store_true',
+                       help='Sanitize paths so that the resulting file and directory names are valid on both '
+                            'Windows and Unix.')
     g_how.add_argument('--no-resume', action='store_true',
                        help='Do not resume a previously-aborted download iteration, and do not save such information '
                             'when interrupted.')
@@ -383,6 +510,8 @@ def main():
     g_how.add_argument('--abort-on', type=http_status_code_list, metavar="STATUS_CODES",
                        help='Comma-separated list of HTTP status codes that cause Instaloader to abort, bypassing all '
                             'retry logic.')
+    g_how.add_argument('--no-iphone', action='store_true',
+                        help='Do not attempt to download iPhone version of images and videos.')
 
     g_misc = parser.add_argument_group('Miscellaneous Options')
     g_misc.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', action='store_true',
@@ -395,15 +524,15 @@ def main():
 
     args = parser.parse_args()
     try:
-        if args.login is None and (args.stories or args.stories_only):
-            print("--login=USERNAME required to download stories.", file=sys.stderr)
+        if (args.login is None and args.load_cookies is None) and (args.stories or args.stories_only):
+            print("Login is required to download stories.", file=sys.stderr)
             args.stories = False
             if args.stories_only:
-                raise SystemExit(1)
+                raise InvalidArgumentException()
 
         if ':feed-all' in args.profile or ':feed-liked' in args.profile:
-            raise SystemExit(":feed-all and :feed-liked were removed. Use :feed as target and "
-                             "eventually --post-filter=viewer_has_liked.")
+            raise InvalidArgumentException(":feed-all and :feed-liked were removed. Use :feed as target and "
+                                           "eventually --post-filter=viewer_has_liked.")
 
         post_metadata_txt_pattern = '\n'.join(args.post_metadata_txt) if args.post_metadata_txt else None
         storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern = '\n'.join(args.storyitem_metadata_txt) if args.storyitem_metadata_txt else None
@@ -413,15 +542,18 @@ def main():
                 post_metadata_txt_pattern = ''
                 storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern = ''
             else:
-                raise SystemExit("--no-captions and --post-metadata-txt or --storyitem-metadata-txt given; "
-                                 "That contradicts.")
+                raise InvalidArgumentException("--no-captions and --post-metadata-txt or --storyitem-metadata-txt "
+                                               "given; That contradicts.")
 
         if args.no_resume and args.resume_prefix:
-            raise SystemExit("--no-resume and --resume-prefix given; That contradicts.")
+            raise InvalidArgumentException("--no-resume and --resume-prefix given; That contradicts.")
         resume_prefix = (args.resume_prefix if args.resume_prefix else 'iterator') if not args.no_resume else None
 
         if args.no_pictures and args.fast_update:
-            raise SystemExit('--no-pictures and --fast-update cannot be used together.')
+            raise InvalidArgumentException('--no-pictures and --fast-update cannot be used together.')
+
+        if args.login and args.load_cookies:
+            raise InvalidArgumentException('--load-cookies and --login cannot be used together.')
 
         # Determine what to download
         download_profile_pic = not args.no_profile_pic or args.profile_pic_only
@@ -442,25 +574,42 @@ def main():
                              resume_prefix=resume_prefix,
                              check_resume_bbd=not args.use_aged_resume_files,
                              slide=args.slide,
-                             fatal_status_codes=args.abort_on)
-        _main(loader,
-              args.profile,
-              username=args.login.lower() if args.login is not None else None,
-              password=args.password,
-              sessionfile=args.sessionfile,
-              download_profile_pic=download_profile_pic,
-              download_posts=download_posts,
-              download_stories=download_stories,
-              download_highlights=args.highlights,
-              download_tagged=args.tagged,
-              download_igtv=args.igtv,
-              fast_update=args.fast_update,
-              max_count=int(args.count) if args.count is not None else None,
-              post_filter_str=args.post_filter,
-              storyitem_filter_str=args.storyitem_filter)
+                             fatal_status_codes=args.abort_on,
+                             iphone_support=not args.no_iphone,
+                             title_pattern=args.title_pattern,
+                             sanitize_paths=args.sanitize_paths)
+        exit_code = _main(loader,
+                          args.profile,
+                          username=args.login.lower() if args.login is not None else None,
+                          password=args.password,
+                          sessionfile=args.sessionfile,
+                          download_profile_pic=download_profile_pic,
+                          download_posts=download_posts,
+                          download_stories=download_stories,
+                          download_highlights=args.highlights,
+                          download_tagged=args.tagged,
+                          download_reels=args.reels,
+                          download_igtv=args.igtv,
+                          fast_update=args.fast_update,
+                          latest_stamps_file=args.latest_stamps,
+                          max_count=int(args.count) if args.count is not None else None,
+                          post_filter_str=args.post_filter,
+                          storyitem_filter_str=args.storyitem_filter,
+                          browser=args.load_cookies,
+                          cookiefile=args.cookiefile)
         loader.close()
+        if loader.has_stored_errors:
+            exit_code = ExitCode.NON_FATAL_ERROR
+    except InvalidArgumentException as err:
+        print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+        exit_code = ExitCode.INIT_FAILURE
+    except LoginException as err:
+        print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+        exit_code = ExitCode.LOGIN_FAILURE
     except InstaloaderException as err:
-        raise SystemExit("Fatal error: %s" % err) from err
+        print("Fatal error: %s" % err)
+        exit_code = ExitCode.UNEXPECTED_ERROR
+    sys.exit(exit_code)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

instaloader/exceptions.py

@@ -33,7 +33,11 @@ class LoginRequiredException(InstaloaderException):
     pass
 
 
-class TwoFactorAuthRequiredException(InstaloaderException):
+class LoginException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class TwoFactorAuthRequiredException(LoginException):
     pass
 
 
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ class BadResponseException(InstaloaderException):
     pass
 
 
-class BadCredentialsException(InstaloaderException):
+class BadCredentialsException(LoginException):
     pass
 
 
@@ -65,6 +69,8 @@ class QueryReturnedNotFoundException(ConnectionException):
 class TooManyRequestsException(ConnectionException):
     pass
 
+class IPhoneSupportDisabledException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
 
 class AbortDownloadException(Exception):
     """

instaloader/instaloader.py

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import tempfile
 from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from functools import wraps
-from hashlib import md5
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Callable, IO, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Union, cast
@@ -21,23 +20,30 @@ import urllib3  # type: ignore
 
 from .exceptions import *
 from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext, RateController
+from .lateststamps import LatestStamps
 from .nodeiterator import NodeIterator, resumable_iteration
+from .sectioniterator import SectionIterator
 from .structures import (Hashtag, Highlight, JsonExportable, Post, PostLocation, Profile, Story, StoryItem,
-                         load_structure_from_file, save_structure_to_file, PostSidecarNode)
+                         load_structure_from_file, save_structure_to_file, PostSidecarNode, TitlePic)
+
+
+def _get_config_dir() -> str:
+    if platform.system() == "Windows":
+        # on Windows, use %LOCALAPPDATA%\Instaloader
+        localappdata = os.getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")
+        if localappdata is not None:
+            return os.path.join(localappdata, "Instaloader")
+        # legacy fallback - store in temp dir if %LOCALAPPDATA% is not set
+        return os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), ".instaloader-" + getpass.getuser())
+    # on Unix, use ~/.config/instaloader
+    return os.path.join(os.getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", os.path.expanduser("~/.config")), "instaloader")
 
 
 def get_default_session_filename(username: str) -> str:
     """Returns default session filename for given username."""
+    configdir = _get_config_dir()
     sessionfilename = "session-{}".format(username)
-    if platform.system() == "Windows":
-        # on Windows, use %LOCALAPPDATA%\Instaloader\session-USERNAME
-        localappdata = os.getenv("LOCALAPPDATA")
-        if localappdata is not None:
-            return os.path.join(localappdata, "Instaloader", sessionfilename)
-        # legacy fallback - store in temp dir if %LOCALAPPDATA% is not set
-        return os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), ".instaloader-" + getpass.getuser(), sessionfilename)
-    # on Unix, use ~/.config/instaloader/session-USERNAME
-    return os.path.join(os.getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME", os.path.expanduser("~/.config")), "instaloader", sessionfilename)
+    return os.path.join(configdir, sessionfilename)
 
 
 def get_legacy_session_filename(username: str) -> str:
@@ -47,6 +53,17 @@ def get_legacy_session_filename(username: str) -> str:
     return filename.lower()
 
 
+def get_default_stamps_filename() -> str:
+    """
+    Returns default filename for latest stamps database.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.8
+
+    """
+    configdir = _get_config_dir()
+    return os.path.join(configdir, "latest-stamps.ini")
+
+
 def format_string_contains_key(format_string: str, key: str) -> bool:
     # pylint:disable=unused-variable
     for literal_text, field_name, format_spec, conversion in string.Formatter().parse(format_string):
@@ -60,13 +77,13 @@ def _requires_login(func: Callable) -> Callable:
     @wraps(func)
     def call(instaloader, *args, **kwargs):
         if not instaloader.context.is_logged_in:
-            raise LoginRequiredException("--login=USERNAME required.")
+            raise LoginRequiredException("Login required.")
         return func(instaloader, *args, **kwargs)
     return call
 
 
 def _retry_on_connection_error(func: Callable) -> Callable:
-    """Decorator to retry the function max_connection_attemps number of times.
+    """Decorator to retry the function max_connection_attempts number of times.
 
     Herewith-decorated functions need an ``_attempt`` keyword argument.
 
@@ -102,7 +119,7 @@ class _ArbitraryItemFormatter(string.Formatter):
 
     def get_value(self, key, args, kwargs):
         """Override to substitute {ATTRIBUTE} by attributes of our _item."""
-        if key == 'filename' and isinstance(self._item, (Post, StoryItem, PostSidecarNode)):
+        if key == 'filename' and isinstance(self._item, (Post, StoryItem, PostSidecarNode, TitlePic)):
             return "{filename}"
         if hasattr(self._item, key):
             return getattr(self._item, key)
@@ -120,20 +137,38 @@ class _ArbitraryItemFormatter(string.Formatter):
 
 
 class _PostPathFormatter(_ArbitraryItemFormatter):
+    RESERVED: set = {'CON', 'PRN', 'AUX', 'NUL',
+                     'COM1', 'COM2', 'COM3', 'COM4', 'COM5', 'COM6', 'COM7', 'COM8', 'COM9',
+                     'LPT1', 'LPT2', 'LPT3', 'LPT4', 'LPT5', 'LPT6', 'LPT7', 'LPT8', 'LPT9'}
+
+    def __init__(self, item: Any, force_windows_path: bool = False):
+        super().__init__(item)
+        self.force_windows_path = force_windows_path
+
     def get_value(self, key, args, kwargs):
         ret = super().get_value(key, args, kwargs)
         if not isinstance(ret, str):
             return ret
-        return self.sanitize_path(ret)
+        return self.sanitize_path(ret, self.force_windows_path)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def sanitize_path(ret: str) -> str:
+    def sanitize_path(ret: str, force_windows_path: bool = False) -> str:
         """Replaces '/' with similar looking Division Slash and some other illegal filename characters on Windows."""
         ret = ret.replace('/', '\u2215')
-        if platform.system() == 'Windows':
+
+        if ret.startswith('.'):
+            ret = ret.replace('.', '\u2024', 1)
+
+        if force_windows_path or platform.system() == 'Windows':
             ret = ret.replace(':', '\uff1a').replace('<', '\ufe64').replace('>', '\ufe65').replace('\"', '\uff02')
             ret = ret.replace('\\', '\ufe68').replace('|', '\uff5c').replace('?', '\ufe16').replace('*', '\uff0a')
             ret = ret.replace('\n', ' ').replace('\r', ' ')
+            root, ext = os.path.splitext(ret)
+            if root.upper() in _PostPathFormatter.RESERVED:
+                root += '_'
+            if ext == '.':
+                ext = '\u2024'
+            ret = root + ext
         return ret
 
 
@@ -144,6 +179,9 @@ class Instaloader:
     :param user_agent: :option:`--user-agent`
     :param dirname_pattern: :option:`--dirname-pattern`, default is ``{target}``
     :param filename_pattern: :option:`--filename-pattern`, default is ``{date_utc}_UTC``
+    :param title_pattern:
+       :option:`--title-pattern`, default is ``{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}`` if ``dirname_pattern`` contains
+       ``{target}`` or ``{profile}``, ``{target}_{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}`` otherwise.
     :param download_pictures: not :option:`--no-pictures`
     :param download_videos: not :option:`--no-videos`
     :param download_video_thumbnails: not :option:`--no-video-thumbnails`
@@ -162,6 +200,8 @@ class Instaloader:
     :param check_resume_bbd: Whether to check the date of expiry of resume files and reject them if expired.
     :param slide: :option:`--slide`
     :param fatal_status_codes: :option:`--abort-on`
+    :param iphone_support: not :option:`--no-iphone`
+    :param sanitize_paths: :option:`--sanitize-paths`
 
     .. attribute:: context
 
@@ -181,22 +221,35 @@ class Instaloader:
                  download_comments: bool = False,
                  save_metadata: bool = True,
                  compress_json: bool = True,
-                 post_metadata_txt_pattern: str = None,
-                 storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern: str = None,
+                 post_metadata_txt_pattern: Optional[str] = None,
+                 storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern: Optional[str] = None,
                  max_connection_attempts: int = 3,
                  request_timeout: float = 300.0,
                  rate_controller: Optional[Callable[[InstaloaderContext], RateController]] = None,
                  resume_prefix: Optional[str] = "iterator",
                  check_resume_bbd: bool = True,
                  slide: Optional[str] = None,
-                 fatal_status_codes: Optional[List[int]] = None):
+                 fatal_status_codes: Optional[List[int]] = None,
+                 iphone_support: bool = True,
+                 title_pattern: Optional[str] = None,
+                 sanitize_paths: bool = False):
 
         self.context = InstaloaderContext(sleep, quiet, user_agent, max_connection_attempts,
-                                          request_timeout, rate_controller, fatal_status_codes)
+                                          request_timeout, rate_controller, fatal_status_codes,
+                                          iphone_support)
 
         # configuration parameters
         self.dirname_pattern = dirname_pattern or "{target}"
         self.filename_pattern = filename_pattern or "{date_utc}_UTC"
+        if title_pattern is not None:
+            self.title_pattern = title_pattern
+        else:
+            if (format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
+                format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'target')):
+                self.title_pattern = '{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}'
+            else:
+                self.title_pattern = '{target}_{date_utc}_UTC_{typename}'
+        self.sanitize_paths = sanitize_paths
         self.download_pictures = download_pictures
         self.download_videos = download_videos
         self.download_video_thumbnails = download_video_thumbnails
@@ -259,7 +312,9 @@ class Instaloader:
             resume_prefix=self.resume_prefix,
             check_resume_bbd=self.check_resume_bbd,
             slide=self.slide,
-            fatal_status_codes=self.context.fatal_status_codes)
+            fatal_status_codes=self.context.fatal_status_codes,
+            iphone_support=self.context.iphone_support,
+            sanitize_paths=self.sanitize_paths)
         yield new_loader
         self.context.error_log.extend(new_loader.context.error_log)
         new_loader.context.error_log = []  # avoid double-printing of errors
@@ -275,20 +330,33 @@ class Instaloader:
     def __exit__(self, *args):
         self.close()
 
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<Instaloader context={self.context}>"
+
     @_retry_on_connection_error
     def download_pic(self, filename: str, url: str, mtime: datetime,
                      filename_suffix: Optional[str] = None, _attempt: int = 1) -> bool:
         """Downloads and saves picture with given url under given directory with given timestamp.
         Returns true, if file was actually downloaded, i.e. updated."""
-        urlmatch = re.search('\\.[a-z0-9]*\\?', url)
-        file_extension = url[-3:] if urlmatch is None else urlmatch.group(0)[1:-1]
         if filename_suffix is not None:
             filename += '_' + filename_suffix
-        filename += '.' + file_extension
-        if os.path.isfile(filename):
+        urlmatch = re.search('\\.[a-z0-9]*\\?', url)
+        file_extension = url[-3:] if urlmatch is None else urlmatch.group(0)[1:-1]
+        nominal_filename = filename + '.' + file_extension
+        if os.path.isfile(nominal_filename):
+            self.context.log(nominal_filename + ' exists', end=' ', flush=True)
+            return False
+        resp = self.context.get_raw(url)
+        if 'Content-Type' in resp.headers and resp.headers['Content-Type']:
+            header_extension = '.' + resp.headers['Content-Type'].split(';')[0].split('/')[-1]
+            header_extension = header_extension.lower().replace('jpeg', 'jpg')
+            filename += header_extension
+        else:
+            filename = nominal_filename
+        if filename != nominal_filename and os.path.isfile(filename):
             self.context.log(filename + ' exists', end=' ', flush=True)
             return False
-        self.context.get_and_write_raw(url, filename)
+        self.context.write_raw(resp, filename)
         os.utime(filename, (datetime.now().timestamp(), mtime.timestamp()))
         return True
 
@@ -382,7 +450,7 @@ class Instaloader:
         """Updates picture caption / Post metadata info"""
         def _elliptify(caption):
             pcaption = caption.replace('\n', ' ').strip()
-            return '[' + ((pcaption[:29] + u"\u2026") if len(pcaption) > 31 else pcaption) + ']'
+            return '[' + ((pcaption[:29] + "\u2026") if len(pcaption) > 31 else pcaption) + ']'
         filename += '.txt'
         caption += '\n'
         pcaption = _elliptify(caption)
@@ -413,17 +481,19 @@ class Instaloader:
             self.context.log(pcaption, end=' ', flush=True)
         except UnicodeEncodeError:
             self.context.log('txt', end=' ', flush=True)
-        with open(filename, 'wb') as text_file:
-            with BytesIO(bcaption) as bio:
-                shutil.copyfileobj(cast(IO, bio), text_file)
+        with open(filename, 'w', encoding='UTF-8') as fio:
+            fio.write(caption)
         os.utime(filename, (datetime.now().timestamp(), mtime.timestamp()))
 
     def save_location(self, filename: str, location: PostLocation, mtime: datetime) -> None:
         """Save post location name and Google Maps link."""
         filename += '_location.txt'
-        location_string = (location.name + "\n" +
-                           "https://maps.google.com/maps?q={0},{1}&ll={0},{1}\n".format(location.lat,
-                                                                                        location.lng))
+        if location.lat is not None and location.lng is not None:
+            location_string = (location.name + "\n" +
+                               "https://maps.google.com/maps?q={0},{1}&ll={0},{1}\n".format(location.lat,
+                                                                                            location.lng))
+        else:
+            location_string = location.name
         with open(filename, 'wb') as text_file:
             with BytesIO(location_string.encode()) as bio:
                 shutil.copyfileobj(cast(IO, bio), text_file)
@@ -456,31 +526,52 @@ class Instaloader:
 
         .. versionadded:: 4.3"""
 
-        def _epoch_to_string(epoch: datetime) -> str:
-            return epoch.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S_UTC')
-
         http_response = self.context.get_raw(url)
-        date_object = None  # type: Optional[datetime]
+        date_object: Optional[datetime] = None
         if 'Last-Modified' in http_response.headers:
             date_object = datetime.strptime(http_response.headers["Last-Modified"], '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')
+            date_object = date_object.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
             pic_bytes = None
-            pic_identifier = _epoch_to_string(date_object)
         else:
             pic_bytes = http_response.content
-            pic_identifier = md5(pic_bytes).hexdigest()[:16]
-        filename = self.format_filename_within_target_path(target, owner_profile, pic_identifier, name_suffix, 'jpg')
+        ig_filename = url.split('/')[-1].split('?')[0]
+        pic_data = TitlePic(owner_profile, target, name_suffix, ig_filename, date_object)
+        dirname = _PostPathFormatter(pic_data, self.sanitize_paths).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
+        filename_template = os.path.join(
+                dirname,
+                _PostPathFormatter(pic_data, self.sanitize_paths).format(self.title_pattern, target=target))
+        filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, lambda: url) + ".jpg"
         content_length = http_response.headers.get('Content-Length', None)
         if os.path.isfile(filename) and (not self.context.is_logged_in or
                                          (content_length is not None and
                                           os.path.getsize(filename) >= int(content_length))):
             self.context.log(filename + ' already exists')
-            return None
+            return
         os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
         self.context.write_raw(pic_bytes if pic_bytes else http_response, filename)
         if date_object:
             os.utime(filename, (datetime.now().timestamp(), date_object.timestamp()))
         self.context.log('')  # log output of _get_and_write_raw() does not produce \n
 
+    def download_profilepic_if_new(self, profile: Profile, latest_stamps: Optional[LatestStamps]) -> None:
+        """
+        Downloads and saves profile pic if it has not been downloaded before.
+
+        :param latest_stamps: Database with the last downloaded data. If not present,
+               the profile pic is downloaded unless it already exists
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.8
+        """
+        if latest_stamps is None:
+            self.download_profilepic(profile)
+            return
+        profile_pic_basename = profile.profile_pic_url_no_iphone.split('/')[-1].split('?')[0]
+        saved_basename = latest_stamps.get_profile_pic(profile.username)
+        if saved_basename == profile_pic_basename:
+            return
+        self.download_profilepic(profile)
+        latest_stamps.set_profile_pic(profile.username, profile_pic_basename)
+
     def download_profilepic(self, profile: Profile) -> None:
         """Downloads and saves profile pic."""
         self.download_title_pic(profile.profile_pic_url, profile.username.lower(), 'profile_pic', profile)
@@ -497,6 +588,23 @@ class Instaloader:
         .. versionadded:: 4.4"""
         self.download_title_pic(hashtag.profile_pic_url, '#' + hashtag.name, 'profile_pic', None)
 
+    @_requires_login
+    def save_session(self) -> dict:
+        """Saves internally stored :class:`requests.Session` object to :class:`dict`.
+
+        :raises LoginRequiredException: If called without being logged in.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.10
+        """
+        return self.context.save_session()
+
+    def load_session(self, username: str, session_data: dict) -> None:
+        """Internally stores :class:`requests.Session` object from :class:`dict`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.10
+        """
+        self.context.load_session(username, session_data)
+
     @_requires_login
     def save_session_to_file(self, filename: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Saves internally stored :class:`requests.Session` object.
@@ -538,11 +646,16 @@ class Instaloader:
     def login(self, user: str, passwd: str) -> None:
         """Log in to instagram with given username and password and internally store session object.
 
-        :raises InvalidArgumentException: If the provided username does not exist.
         :raises BadCredentialsException: If the provided password is wrong.
-        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed.
         :raises TwoFactorAuthRequiredException: First step of 2FA login done, now call
-           :meth:`Instaloader.two_factor_login`."""
+           :meth:`Instaloader.two_factor_login`.
+        :raises LoginException: An error happened during login (for example, an invalid response was received).
+           Or if the provided username does not exist.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.12
+           Raises LoginException instead of ConnectionException when an error happens.
+           Raises LoginException instead of InvalidArgumentException when the username does not exist.
+        """
         self.context.login(user, passwd)
 
     def two_factor_login(self, two_factor_code) -> None:
@@ -568,11 +681,12 @@ class Instaloader:
         os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
         return filename
 
-    def format_filename(self, item: Union[Post, StoryItem, PostSidecarNode], target: Optional[Union[str, Path]] = None):
+    def format_filename(self, item: Union[Post, StoryItem, PostSidecarNode, TitlePic],
+                        target: Optional[Union[str, Path]] = None):
         """Format filename of a :class:`Post` or :class:`StoryItem` according to ``filename-pattern`` parameter.
 
         .. versionadded:: 4.1"""
-        return _PostPathFormatter(item).format(self.filename_pattern, target=target)
+        return _PostPathFormatter(item, self.sanitize_paths).format(self.filename_pattern, target=target)
 
     def download_post(self, post: Post, target: Union[str, Path]) -> bool:
         """
@@ -604,14 +718,14 @@ class Instaloader:
                         return False
             return True
 
-        dirname = _PostPathFormatter(post).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
+        dirname = _PostPathFormatter(post, self.sanitize_paths).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
         filename_template = os.path.join(dirname, self.format_filename(post, target=target))
         filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, lambda: post.url)
 
         # Download the image(s) / video thumbnail and videos within sidecars if desired
         downloaded = True
         if post.typename == 'GraphSidecar':
-            if self.download_pictures or self.download_videos:
+            if (self.download_pictures or self.download_videos) and post.mediacount > 0:
                 if not _all_already_downloaded(
                         filename_template, enumerate(
                             (post.get_is_videos()[i]
@@ -623,22 +737,23 @@ class Instaloader:
                             post.get_sidecar_nodes(self.slide_start, self.slide_end),
                             start=self.slide_start % post.mediacount + 1
                     ):
-                        suffix = str(edge_number)  # type: Optional[str]
+                        suffix: Optional[str] = str(edge_number)
                         if '{filename}' in self.filename_pattern:
                             suffix = None
-                        if self.download_pictures and (not sidecar_node.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails):
+                        video_url = sidecar_node.video_url
+                        if self.download_pictures and (video_url is None or self.download_video_thumbnails):
                             # pylint:disable=cell-var-from-loop
                             sidecar_filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template,
                                                                        lambda: sidecar_node.display_url)
                             # Download sidecar picture or video thumbnail (--no-pictures implies --no-video-thumbnails)
                             downloaded &= self.download_pic(filename=sidecar_filename, url=sidecar_node.display_url,
                                                             mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=suffix)
-                        if sidecar_node.is_video and self.download_videos:
+                        if video_url is not None and self.download_videos:
                             # pylint:disable=cell-var-from-loop
                             sidecar_filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template,
-                                                                       lambda: sidecar_node.video_url)
+                                                                       lambda: video_url)
                             # Download sidecar video if desired
-                            downloaded &= self.download_pic(filename=sidecar_filename, url=sidecar_node.video_url,
+                            downloaded &= self.download_pic(filename=sidecar_filename, url=video_url,
                                                             mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=suffix)
                 else:
                     downloaded = False
@@ -714,7 +829,8 @@ class Instaloader:
                          userids: Optional[List[Union[int, Profile]]] = None,
                          fast_update: bool = False,
                          filename_target: Optional[str] = ':stories',
-                         storyitem_filter: Optional[Callable[[StoryItem], bool]] = None) -> None:
+                         storyitem_filter: Optional[Callable[[StoryItem], bool]] = None,
+                         latest_stamps: Optional[LatestStamps] = None) -> None:
         """
         Download available stories from user followees or all stories of users whose ID are given.
         Does not mark stories as seen.
@@ -725,20 +841,38 @@ class Instaloader:
         :param filename_target: Replacement for {target} in dirname_pattern and filename_pattern
                or None if profile name should be used instead
         :param storyitem_filter: function(storyitem), which returns True if given StoryItem should be downloaded
+        :param latest_stamps: Database with the last times each user was scraped
         :raises LoginRequiredException: If called without being logged in.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.8
+           Add `latest_stamps` parameter.
         """
 
         if not userids:
             self.context.log("Retrieving all visible stories...")
+            profile_count = None
         else:
             userids = [p if isinstance(p, int) else p.userid for p in userids]
+            profile_count = len(userids)
 
-        for user_story in self.get_stories(userids):
+        for i, user_story in enumerate(self.get_stories(userids), start=1):
             name = user_story.owner_username
-            self.context.log("Retrieving stories from profile {}.".format(name))
+            if profile_count is not None:
+                msg = "[{0:{w}d}/{1:{w}d}] Retrieving stories from profile {2}.".format(i, profile_count, name,
+                                                                                        w=len(str(profile_count)))
+            else:
+                msg = "[{:3d}] Retrieving stories from profile {}.".format(i, name)
+            self.context.log(msg)
             totalcount = user_story.itemcount
             count = 1
+            if latest_stamps is not None:
+                # pylint:disable=cell-var-from-loop
+                last_scraped = latest_stamps.get_last_story_timestamp(name)
+                scraped_timestamp = datetime.now().astimezone()
             for item in user_story.get_items():
+                if latest_stamps is not None:
+                    if item.date_local <= last_scraped:
+                        break
                 if storyitem_filter is not None and not storyitem_filter(item):
                     self.context.log("<{} skipped>".format(item), flush=True)
                     continue
@@ -748,6 +882,8 @@ class Instaloader:
                     downloaded = self.download_storyitem(item, filename_target if filename_target else name)
                     if fast_update and not downloaded:
                         break
+            if latest_stamps is not None:
+                latest_stamps.set_last_story_timestamp(name, scraped_timestamp)
 
     def download_storyitem(self, item: StoryItem, target: Union[str, Path]) -> bool:
         """Download one user story.
@@ -765,17 +901,22 @@ class Instaloader:
                 return True
 
         date_local = item.date_local
-        dirname = _PostPathFormatter(item).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
+        dirname = _PostPathFormatter(item, self.sanitize_paths).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
         filename_template = os.path.join(dirname, self.format_filename(item, target=target))
         filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, lambda: item.url)
         downloaded = False
-        if not item.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
+        video_url_fetch_failed = False
+        if item.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
+            video_url = item.video_url
+            if video_url:
+                filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, lambda: str(video_url))
+                downloaded |= (not _already_downloaded(filename + ".mp4") and
+                               self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=video_url, mtime=date_local))
+            else:
+                video_url_fetch_failed = True
+        if video_url_fetch_failed or not item.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
             downloaded = (not _already_downloaded(filename + ".jpg") and
                           self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=item.url, mtime=date_local))
-        if item.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
-            filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, lambda: str(item.video_url))
-            downloaded |= (not _already_downloaded(filename + ".mp4") and
-                           self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=item.video_url, mtime=date_local))
         # Save caption if desired
         metadata_string = _ArbitraryItemFormatter(item).format(self.storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern).strip()
         if metadata_string:
@@ -822,6 +963,11 @@ class Instaloader:
         .. versionchanged:: 4.3
            Also downloads and saves the Highlight's cover pictures.
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.16
+           Add progress output for highlight retrieval, displaying a counter of the current
+           highlight number and the total number of highlights being processed. This provides
+           feedback similar to the per-item download counter already present in this function.
+
         :param user: ID or Profile of the user whose highlights should get downloaded.
         :param fast_update: If true, abort when first already-downloaded picture is encountered
         :param filename_target: Replacement for {target} in dirname_pattern and filename_pattern
@@ -829,13 +975,20 @@ class Instaloader:
         :param storyitem_filter: function(storyitem), which returns True if given StoryItem should be downloaded
         :raises LoginRequiredException: If called without being logged in.
         """
-        for user_highlight in self.get_highlights(user):
+        user_highlights = list(self.get_highlights(user))
+        hl_size = len(user_highlights)
+        for hl_number, user_highlight in enumerate(user_highlights, start=1):
             name = user_highlight.owner_username
-            highlight_target = (filename_target
+            highlight_target: Union[str, Path] = (filename_target
                                 if filename_target
-                                else (Path(_PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(name)) /
-                                      _PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(user_highlight.title)))  # type: Union[str, Path]
-            self.context.log("Retrieving highlights \"{}\" from profile {}".format(user_highlight.title, name))
+                                else (Path(_PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(name, self.sanitize_paths)) /
+                                      _PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(user_highlight.title,
+                                                                       self.sanitize_paths)))
+            self.context.log(
+                "[{0:{w}d}/{1:{w}d}] Retrieving highlights \"{2}\" from profile {3}".format(
+                    hl_number, hl_size, user_highlight.title, name, w=len(str(hl_size))
+                )
+            )
             self.download_highlight_cover(user_highlight, highlight_target)
             totalcount = user_highlight.itemcount
             count = 1
@@ -858,7 +1011,9 @@ class Instaloader:
                             post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
                             max_count: Optional[int] = None,
                             total_count: Optional[int] = None,
-                            owner_profile: Optional[Profile] = None) -> None:
+                            owner_profile: Optional[Profile] = None,
+                            takewhile: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
+                            possibly_pinned: int = 0) -> None:
         """
         Download the Posts returned by given Post Iterator.
 
@@ -867,6 +1022,12 @@ class Instaloader:
         .. versionchanged:: 4.5
            Transparently resume an aborted operation if `posts` is a :class:`NodeIterator`.
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.8
+           Add `takewhile` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.10.3
+           Add `possibly_pinned` parameter.
+
         :param posts: Post Iterator to loop through.
         :param target: Target name.
         :param fast_update: :option:`--fast-update`.
@@ -874,12 +1035,17 @@ class Instaloader:
         :param max_count: Maximum count of Posts to download (:option:`--count`).
         :param total_count: Total number of posts returned by given iterator.
         :param owner_profile: Associated profile, if any.
+        :param takewhile: Expression evaluated for each post. Once it returns false, downloading stops.
+        :param possibly_pinned: Number of posts that might be pinned. These posts do not cause download
+               to stop even if they've already been downloaded.
         """
         displayed_count = (max_count if total_count is None or max_count is not None and max_count < total_count
                            else total_count)
         sanitized_target = target
         if isinstance(target, str):
-            sanitized_target = _PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(target)
+            sanitized_target = _PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(target, self.sanitize_paths)
+        if takewhile is None:
+            takewhile = lambda _: True
         with resumable_iteration(
                 context=self.context,
                 iterator=posts,
@@ -892,7 +1058,10 @@ class Instaloader:
                 enabled=self.resume_prefix is not None
         ) as (is_resuming, start_index):
             for number, post in enumerate(posts, start=start_index + 1):
-                if max_count is not None and number > max_count:
+                should_stop = not takewhile(post)
+                if should_stop and number <= possibly_pinned:
+                    continue
+                if (max_count is not None and number > max_count) or should_stop:
                     break
                 if displayed_count is not None:
                     self.context.log("[{0:{w}d}/{1:{w}d}] ".format(number, displayed_count,
@@ -924,7 +1093,7 @@ class Instaloader:
                         except PostChangedException:
                             post_changed = True
                             continue
-                    if fast_update and not downloaded and not post_changed:
+                    if fast_update and not downloaded and not post_changed and number > possibly_pinned:
                         # disengage fast_update for first post when resuming
                         if not is_resuming or number > 0:
                             break
@@ -955,7 +1124,7 @@ class Instaloader:
                                                'has_stories': False})["data"]
 
     @_requires_login
-    def download_feed_posts(self, max_count: int = None, fast_update: bool = False,
+    def download_feed_posts(self, max_count: Optional[int] = None, fast_update: bool = False,
                             post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None) -> None:
         """
         Download pictures from the user's feed.
@@ -976,7 +1145,7 @@ class Instaloader:
         self.posts_download_loop(self.get_feed_posts(), ":feed", fast_update, post_filter, max_count=max_count)
 
     @_requires_login
-    def download_saved_posts(self, max_count: int = None, fast_update: bool = False,
+    def download_saved_posts(self, max_count: Optional[int] = None, fast_update: bool = False,
                              post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None) -> None:
         """Download user's saved pictures.
 
@@ -1004,18 +1173,12 @@ class Instaloader:
         .. versionchanged:: 4.2.9
            Require being logged in (as required by Instagram)
         """
-        has_next_page = True
-        end_cursor = None
-        while has_next_page:
-            if end_cursor:
-                params = {'__a': 1, 'max_id': end_cursor}
-            else:
-                params = {'__a': 1}
-            location_data = self.context.get_json('explore/locations/{0}/'.format(location),
-                                                  params)['graphql']['location']['edge_location_to_media']
-            yield from (Post(self.context, edge['node']) for edge in location_data['edges'])
-            has_next_page = location_data['page_info']['has_next_page']
-            end_cursor = location_data['page_info']['end_cursor']
+        yield from SectionIterator(
+            self.context,
+            lambda d: d["native_location_data"]["recent"],
+            lambda m: Post.from_iphone_struct(self.context, m),
+            f"explore/locations/{location}/",
+        )
 
     @_requires_login
     def download_location(self, location: str,
@@ -1064,9 +1227,10 @@ class Instaloader:
         """Get Posts associated with a #hashtag.
 
         .. deprecated:: 4.4
-           Use :meth:`Hashtag.get_posts`."""
-        return Hashtag.from_name(self.context, hashtag).get_posts()
+           Use :meth:`Hashtag.get_posts_resumable`."""
+        return Hashtag.from_name(self.context, hashtag).get_posts_resumable()
 
+    @_requires_login
     def download_hashtag(self, hashtag: Union[Hashtag, str],
                          max_count: Optional[int] = None,
                          post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
@@ -1101,7 +1265,7 @@ class Instaloader:
                 self.download_hashtag_profilepic(hashtag)
         if posts:
             self.context.log("Retrieving pictures with hashtag #{}...".format(hashtag.name))
-            self.posts_download_loop(hashtag.get_all_posts(), target, fast_update, post_filter,
+            self.posts_download_loop(hashtag.get_posts_resumable(), target, fast_update, post_filter,
                                      max_count=max_count)
         if self.save_metadata:
             json_filename = '{0}/{1}'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=target,
@@ -1111,25 +1275,73 @@ class Instaloader:
 
     def download_tagged(self, profile: Profile, fast_update: bool = False,
                         target: Optional[str] = None,
-                        post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None) -> None:
+                        post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
+                        latest_stamps: Optional[LatestStamps] = None) -> None:
         """Download all posts where a profile is tagged.
 
-        .. versionadded:: 4.1"""
+        .. versionadded:: 4.1
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.8
+           Add `latest_stamps` parameter."""
         self.context.log("Retrieving tagged posts for profile {}.".format(profile.username))
-        self.posts_download_loop(profile.get_tagged_posts(),
+        posts_takewhile: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None
+        if latest_stamps is not None:
+            last_scraped = latest_stamps.get_last_tagged_timestamp(profile.username)
+            posts_takewhile = lambda p: p.date_local > last_scraped
+        tagged_posts = profile.get_tagged_posts()
+        self.posts_download_loop(tagged_posts,
                                  target if target
-                                 else (Path(_PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(profile.username)) /
-                                       _PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(':tagged')),
-                                 fast_update, post_filter)
+                                 else (Path(_PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(profile.username, self.sanitize_paths)) /
+                                       _PostPathFormatter.sanitize_path(':tagged', self.sanitize_paths)),
+                                 fast_update, post_filter, takewhile=posts_takewhile)
+        if latest_stamps is not None and tagged_posts.first_item is not None:
+            latest_stamps.set_last_tagged_timestamp(profile.username, tagged_posts.first_item.date_local)
+
+    def download_reels(self, profile: Profile, fast_update: bool = False,
+                      post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
+                      latest_stamps: Optional[LatestStamps] = None) -> None:
+        """Download reels videos of a profile.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.14.0
+
+        """
+        self.context.log("Retrieving reels videos for profile {}.".format(profile.username))
+        posts_takewhile: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None
+        if latest_stamps is not None:
+            last_scraped = latest_stamps.get_last_reels_timestamp(profile.username)
+            posts_takewhile = lambda p: p.date_local > last_scraped
+        reels = profile.get_reels()
+        self.posts_download_loop(
+            reels,
+            profile.username,
+            fast_update,
+            post_filter,
+            owner_profile=profile,
+            takewhile=posts_takewhile,
+            possibly_pinned=3,
+        )
+        if latest_stamps is not None and reels.first_item is not None:
+            latest_stamps.set_last_reels_timestamp(profile.username, reels.first_item.date_local)
 
     def download_igtv(self, profile: Profile, fast_update: bool = False,
-                      post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None) -> None:
+                      post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
+                      latest_stamps: Optional[LatestStamps] = None) -> None:
         """Download IGTV videos of a profile.
 
-        .. versionadded:: 4.3"""
+        .. versionadded:: 4.3
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.8
+           Add `latest_stamps` parameter."""
         self.context.log("Retrieving IGTV videos for profile {}.".format(profile.username))
-        self.posts_download_loop(profile.get_igtv_posts(), profile.username, fast_update, post_filter,
-                                 total_count=profile.igtvcount, owner_profile=profile)
+        posts_takewhile: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None
+        if latest_stamps is not None:
+            last_scraped = latest_stamps.get_last_igtv_timestamp(profile.username)
+            posts_takewhile = lambda p: p.date_local > last_scraped
+        igtv_posts = profile.get_igtv_posts()
+        self.posts_download_loop(igtv_posts, profile.username, fast_update, post_filter,
+                                 total_count=profile.igtvcount, owner_profile=profile, takewhile=posts_takewhile)
+        if latest_stamps is not None and igtv_posts.first_item is not None:
+            latest_stamps.set_last_igtv_timestamp(profile.username, igtv_posts.first_item.date_local)
 
     def _get_id_filename(self, profile_name: str) -> str:
         if ((format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
@@ -1141,9 +1353,22 @@ class Instaloader:
             return os.path.join(self.dirname_pattern.format(),
                                 '{0}_id'.format(profile_name.lower()))
 
+    def load_profile_id(self, profile_name: str) -> Optional[int]:
+        """
+        Load ID of profile from profile directory.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.8
+        """
+        id_filename = self._get_id_filename(profile_name)
+        try:
+            with open(id_filename, 'rb') as id_file:
+                return int(id_file.read())
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
+            return None
+
     def save_profile_id(self, profile: Profile):
         """
-        Store ID of profile locally.
+        Store ID of profile on profile directory.
 
         .. versionadded:: 4.0.6
         """
@@ -1153,13 +1378,18 @@ class Instaloader:
             text_file.write(str(profile.userid) + "\n")
             self.context.log("Stored ID {0} for profile {1}.".format(profile.userid, profile.username))
 
-    def check_profile_id(self, profile_name: str) -> Profile:
+    def check_profile_id(self, profile_name: str, latest_stamps: Optional[LatestStamps] = None) -> Profile:
         """
         Consult locally stored ID of profile with given name, check whether ID matches and whether name
         has changed and return current name of the profile, and store ID of profile.
 
         :param profile_name: Profile name
+        :param latest_stamps: Database of downloaded data. If present, IDs are retrieved from it,
+               otherwise from the target directory
         :return: Instance of current profile
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.8
+           Add `latest_stamps` parameter.
         """
         profile = None
         profile_name_not_exists_err = None
@@ -1167,10 +1397,11 @@ class Instaloader:
             profile = Profile.from_username(self.context, profile_name)
         except ProfileNotExistsException as err:
             profile_name_not_exists_err = err
-        id_filename = self._get_id_filename(profile_name)
-        try:
-            with open(id_filename, 'rb') as id_file:
-                profile_id = int(id_file.read())
+        if latest_stamps is None:
+            profile_id = self.load_profile_id(profile_name)
+        else:
+            profile_id = latest_stamps.get_profile_id(profile_name)
+        if profile_id is not None:
             if (profile is None) or \
                     (profile_id != profile.userid):
                 if profile is not None:
@@ -1181,23 +1412,31 @@ class Instaloader:
                                                                                                   profile_id))
                 profile_from_id = Profile.from_id(self.context, profile_id)
                 newname = profile_from_id.username
-                self.context.log("Profile {0} has changed its name to {1}.".format(profile_name, newname))
-                if ((format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
-                     format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'target'))):
-                    os.rename(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile_name.lower(),
-                                                          target=profile_name.lower()),
-                              self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=newname.lower(),
-                                                          target=newname.lower()))
+                if profile_name == newname:
+                    self.context.error(
+                        f"Warning: Profile {profile_name} could not be retrieved by its name, but by its ID.")
+                    return profile_from_id
+                self.context.error("Profile {0} has changed its name to {1}.".format(profile_name, newname))
+                if latest_stamps is None:
+                    if ((format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
+                         format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'target'))):
+                        os.rename(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile_name.lower(),
+                                                              target=profile_name.lower()),
+                                  self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=newname.lower(),
+                                                              target=newname.lower()))
+                    else:
+                        os.rename('{0}/{1}_id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), profile_name.lower()),
+                                  '{0}/{1}_id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), newname.lower()))
                 else:
-                    os.rename('{0}/{1}_id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), profile_name.lower()),
-                              '{0}/{1}_id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), newname.lower()))
+                    latest_stamps.rename_profile(profile_name, newname)
                 return profile_from_id
             # profile exists and profile id matches saved id
             return profile
-        except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
-            pass
         if profile is not None:
-            self.save_profile_id(profile)
+            if latest_stamps is None:
+                self.save_profile_id(profile)
+            else:
+                latest_stamps.save_profile_id(profile.username, profile.userid)
             return profile
         if profile_name_not_exists_err:
             raise profile_name_not_exists_err
@@ -1212,7 +1451,10 @@ class Instaloader:
                           fast_update: bool = False,
                           post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
                           storyitem_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
-                          raise_errors: bool = False):
+                          raise_errors: bool = False,
+                          latest_stamps: Optional[LatestStamps] = None,
+                          max_count: Optional[int] = None,
+                          reels: bool = False):
         """High-level method to download set of profiles.
 
         :param profiles: Set of profiles to download.
@@ -1228,11 +1470,23 @@ class Instaloader:
         :param raise_errors:
            Whether :exc:`LoginRequiredException` and :exc:`PrivateProfileNotFollowedException` should be raised or
            catched and printed with :meth:`InstaloaderContext.error_catcher`.
+        :param latest_stamps: :option:`--latest-stamps`.
+        :param max_count: Maximum count of posts to download.
+        :param reels: :option:`--reels`.
 
         .. versionadded:: 4.1
 
         .. versionchanged:: 4.3
            Add `igtv` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.8
+           Add `latest_stamps` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.13
+           Add `max_count` parameter.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.14
+           Add `reels` parameter.
         """
 
         @contextmanager
@@ -1242,14 +1496,16 @@ class Instaloader:
         # error_handler type is Callable[[Optional[str]], ContextManager[None]] (not supported with Python 3.5.0..3.5.3)
         error_handler = _error_raiser if raise_errors else self.context.error_catcher
 
-        for profile in profiles:
+        for i, profile in enumerate(profiles, start=1):
+            self.context.log("[{0:{w}d}/{1:{w}d}] Downloading profile {2}".format(i, len(profiles), profile.username,
+                                                                                  w=len(str(len(profiles)))))
             with error_handler(profile.username):  # type: ignore # (ignore type for Python 3.5 support)
                 profile_name = profile.username
 
                 # Download profile picture
                 if profile_pic:
                     with self.context.error_catcher('Download profile picture of {}'.format(profile_name)):
-                        self.download_profilepic(profile)
+                        self.download_profilepic_if_new(profile, latest_stamps)
 
                 # Save metadata as JSON if desired.
                 if self.save_metadata:
@@ -1262,7 +1518,7 @@ class Instaloader:
                 if tagged or igtv or highlights or posts:
                     if (not self.context.is_logged_in and
                             profile.is_private):
-                        raise LoginRequiredException("--login=USERNAME required.")
+                        raise LoginRequiredException("Login required.")
                     if (self.context.username != profile.username and
                             profile.is_private and
                             not profile.followed_by_viewer):
@@ -1271,12 +1527,20 @@ class Instaloader:
                 # Download tagged, if requested
                 if tagged:
                     with self.context.error_catcher('Download tagged of {}'.format(profile_name)):
-                        self.download_tagged(profile, fast_update=fast_update, post_filter=post_filter)
+                        self.download_tagged(profile, fast_update=fast_update, post_filter=post_filter,
+                                             latest_stamps=latest_stamps)
+
+                # Download reels, if requested
+                if reels:
+                    with self.context.error_catcher('Download reels of {}'.format(profile_name)):
+                        self.download_reels(profile, fast_update=fast_update, post_filter=post_filter,
+                                           latest_stamps=latest_stamps)
 
                 # Download IGTV, if requested
                 if igtv:
                     with self.context.error_catcher('Download IGTV of {}'.format(profile_name)):
-                        self.download_igtv(profile, fast_update=fast_update, post_filter=post_filter)
+                        self.download_igtv(profile, fast_update=fast_update, post_filter=post_filter,
+                                           latest_stamps=latest_stamps)
 
                 # Download highlights, if requested
                 if highlights:
@@ -1286,14 +1550,24 @@ class Instaloader:
                 # Iterate over pictures and download them
                 if posts:
                     self.context.log("Retrieving posts from profile {}.".format(profile_name))
-                    self.posts_download_loop(profile.get_posts(), profile_name, fast_update, post_filter,
-                                             total_count=profile.mediacount, owner_profile=profile)
+                    posts_takewhile: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None
+                    if latest_stamps is not None:
+                        # pylint:disable=cell-var-from-loop
+                        last_scraped = latest_stamps.get_last_post_timestamp(profile_name)
+                        posts_takewhile = lambda p: p.date_local > last_scraped
+                    posts_to_download = profile.get_posts()
+                    self.posts_download_loop(posts_to_download, profile_name, fast_update, post_filter,
+                                             total_count=profile.mediacount, owner_profile=profile,
+                                             takewhile=posts_takewhile, possibly_pinned=3, max_count=max_count)
+                    if latest_stamps is not None and posts_to_download.first_item is not None:
+                        latest_stamps.set_last_post_timestamp(profile_name,
+                                                              posts_to_download.first_item.date_local)
 
         if stories and profiles:
             with self.context.error_catcher("Download stories"):
                 self.context.log("Downloading stories")
                 self.download_stories(userids=list(profiles), fast_update=fast_update, filename_target=None,
-                                      storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter)
+                                      storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter, latest_stamps=latest_stamps)
 
     def download_profile(self, profile_name: Union[str, Profile],
                          profile_pic: bool = True, profile_pic_only: bool = False,
@@ -1372,11 +1646,16 @@ class Instaloader:
     def interactive_login(self, username: str) -> None:
         """Logs in and internally stores session, asking user for password interactively.
 
-        :raises LoginRequiredException: when in quiet mode.
-        :raises InvalidArgumentException: If the provided username does not exist.
-        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed."""
+        :raises InvalidArgumentException: when in quiet mode.
+        :raises LoginException: If the provided username does not exist.
+        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.12
+           Raises InvalidArgumentException instead of LoginRequiredException when in quiet mode.
+           Raises LoginException instead of InvalidArgumentException when the username does not exist.
+        """
         if self.context.quiet:
-            raise LoginRequiredException("Quiet mode requires given password or valid session file.")
+            raise InvalidArgumentException("Quiet mode requires given password or valid session file.")
         try:
             password = None
             while password is None:
@@ -1395,3 +1674,10 @@ class Instaloader:
                 except BadCredentialsException as err:
                     print(err, file=sys.stderr)
                     pass
+
+    @property
+    def has_stored_errors(self) -> bool:
+        """Returns whether any error has been reported and stored to be repeated at program termination.
+
+        .. versionadded: 4.12"""
+        return self.context.has_stored_errors

instaloader/instaloadercontext.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import hashlib
 import json
 import os
 import pickle
@@ -9,7 +8,8 @@ import sys
 import textwrap
 import time
 import urllib.parse
-from contextlib import contextmanager
+import uuid
+from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from functools import partial
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Union
@@ -24,16 +24,57 @@ def copy_session(session: requests.Session, request_timeout: Optional[float] = N
     """Duplicates a requests.Session."""
     new = requests.Session()
     new.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(session.cookies))
-    new.headers = session.headers.copy()
+    new.headers = session.headers.copy()  # type: ignore
     # Override default timeout behavior.
     # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
-    new.request = partial(new.request, timeout=request_timeout) # type: ignore
+    new.request = partial(new.request, timeout=request_timeout)  # type: ignore
     return new
 
 
+def _embedded_query_data(obj: Any) -> Iterator[Dict[str, Any]]:
+    """Yield the data of each GraphQL query result in JSON that a page of www.instagram.com embeds."""
+    if isinstance(obj, dict):
+        result = obj['__bbox'].get('result') if isinstance(obj.get('__bbox'), dict) else None
+        if isinstance(result, dict) and isinstance(result.get('data'), dict):
+            yield result['data']
+        for value in obj.values():
+            yield from _embedded_query_data(value)
+    elif isinstance(obj, list):
+        for value in obj:
+            yield from _embedded_query_data(value)
+
+
 def default_user_agent() -> str:
-    return 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 ' \
-           '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4389.90 Safari/537.36'
+    return ('Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
+            '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36')
+
+
+def default_iphone_headers() -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    return {'User-Agent': 'Instagram 361.0.0.35.82 (iPad13,8; iOS 18_0; en_US; en-US; ' \
+                          'scale=2.00; 2048x2732; 674117118) AppleWebKit/420+',
+            'x-ads-opt-out': '1',
+            'x-bloks-is-panorama-enabled': 'true',
+            'x-bloks-version-id': '16b7bd25c6c06886d57c4d455265669345a2d96625385b8ee30026ac2dc5ed97',
+            'x-fb-client-ip': 'True',
+            'x-fb-connection-type': 'wifi',
+            'x-fb-http-engine': 'Liger',
+            'x-fb-server-cluster': 'True',
+            'x-fb': '1',
+            'x-ig-abr-connection-speed-kbps': '2',
+            'x-ig-app-id': '124024574287414',
+            'x-ig-app-locale': 'en-US',
+            'x-ig-app-startup-country': 'US',
+            'x-ig-bandwidth-speed-kbps': '0.000',
+            'x-ig-capabilities': '36r/F/8=',
+            'x-ig-connection-speed': '{}kbps'.format(random.randint(1000, 20000)),
+            'x-ig-connection-type': 'WiFi',
+            'x-ig-device-locale': 'en-US',
+            'x-ig-mapped-locale': 'en-US',
+            'x-ig-timezone-offset': str((datetime.now().astimezone().utcoffset() or timedelta(seconds=0)).seconds),
+            'x-ig-www-claim': '0',
+            'x-pigeon-session-id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            'x-tigon-is-retry': 'False',
+            'x-whatsapp': '0'}
 
 
 class InstaloaderContext:
@@ -54,45 +95,54 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
     def __init__(self, sleep: bool = True, quiet: bool = False, user_agent: Optional[str] = None,
                  max_connection_attempts: int = 3, request_timeout: float = 300.0,
                  rate_controller: Optional[Callable[["InstaloaderContext"], "RateController"]] = None,
-                 fatal_status_codes: Optional[List[int]] = None):
+                 fatal_status_codes: Optional[List[int]] = None,
+                 iphone_support: bool = True):
 
         self.user_agent = user_agent if user_agent is not None else default_user_agent()
         self.request_timeout = request_timeout
         self._session = self.get_anonymous_session()
         self.username = None
+        self.user_id = None
         self.sleep = sleep
         self.quiet = quiet
         self.max_connection_attempts = max_connection_attempts
         self._graphql_page_length = 50
-        self._root_rhx_gis = None
         self.two_factor_auth_pending = None
+        self.iphone_support = iphone_support
+        self.iphone_headers = default_iphone_headers()
 
         # error log, filled with error() and printed at the end of Instaloader.main()
-        self.error_log = []                      # type: List[str]
+        self.error_log: List[str] = []
 
         self._rate_controller = rate_controller(self) if rate_controller is not None else RateController(self)
 
-        # Can be set to True for testing, disables supression of InstaloaderContext._error_catcher
+        # Can be set to True for testing, disables suppression of InstaloaderContext._error_catcher
         self.raise_all_errors = False
 
         # HTTP status codes that should cause an AbortDownloadException
         self.fatal_status_codes = fatal_status_codes or []
 
         # Cache profile from id (mapping from id to Profile)
-        self.profile_id_cache = dict()           # type: Dict[int, Any]
+        self.profile_id_cache: Dict[int, Any] = dict()
 
     @contextmanager
     def anonymous_copy(self):
         session = self._session
         username = self.username
+        user_id = self.user_id
+        iphone_headers = self.iphone_headers
         self._session = self.get_anonymous_session()
         self.username = None
+        self.user_id = None
+        self.iphone_headers = default_iphone_headers()
         try:
             yield self
         finally:
             self._session.close()
             self.username = username
             self._session = session
+            self.user_id = user_id
+            self.iphone_headers = iphone_headers
 
     @property
     def is_logged_in(self) -> bool:
@@ -113,6 +163,16 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         if repeat_at_end:
             self.error_log.append(msg)
 
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"<InstaloaderContext is_logged_in={self.is_logged_in}>"
+
+    @property
+    def has_stored_errors(self) -> bool:
+        """Returns whether any error has been reported and stored to be repeated at program termination.
+
+        .. versionadded: 4.12"""
+        return bool(self.error_log)
+
     def close(self):
         """Print error log and close session"""
         if self.error_log and not self.quiet:
@@ -148,11 +208,11 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                   'Referer': 'https://www.instagram.com/',
                   'User-Agent': self.user_agent,
                   'X-Instagram-AJAX': '1',
-                  'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'}
+                  'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
+                  'x-ig-app-id': '936619743392459'}
         if empty_session_only:
             del header['Host']
             del header['Origin']
-            del header['Referer']
             del header['X-Instagram-AJAX']
             del header['X-Requested-With']
         return header
@@ -169,35 +229,56 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout) # type: ignore
         return session
 
-    def save_session_to_file(self, sessionfile):
-        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.save_session_to_file`."""
-        pickle.dump(requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self._session.cookies), sessionfile)
+    def save_session(self):
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.save_session`."""
+        return requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self._session.cookies)
 
-    def load_session_from_file(self, username, sessionfile):
-        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.load_session_from_file`."""
+    def update_cookies(self, cookie):
+        """.. versionadded:: 4.11"""
+        self._session.cookies.update(cookie)
+
+    def load_session(self, username, sessiondata):
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.load_session`."""
         session = requests.Session()
-        session.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(pickle.load(sessionfile))
+        session.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(sessiondata)
         session.headers.update(self._default_http_header())
         session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': session.cookies.get_dict()['csrftoken']})
         # Override default timeout behavior.
         # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
-        session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout) # type: ignore
+        session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout)  # type: ignore
         self._session = session
         self.username = username
 
+    def save_session_to_file(self, sessionfile):
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.save_session_to_file`."""
+        pickle.dump(self.save_session(), sessionfile)
+
+    def load_session_from_file(self, username, sessionfile):
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.load_session_from_file`."""
+        self.load_session(username, pickle.load(sessionfile))
+
     def test_login(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.test_login`."""
-        data = self.graphql_query("d6f4427fbe92d846298cf93df0b937d3", {})
-        return data["data"]["user"]["username"] if data["data"]["user"] is not None else None
+        try:
+            data = self.graphql_query("d6f4427fbe92d846298cf93df0b937d3", {})
+            return data["data"]["user"]["username"] if data["data"]["user"] is not None else None
+        except (AbortDownloadException, ConnectionException) as err:
+            self.error(f"Error when checking if logged in: {err}")
+            return None
 
     def login(self, user, passwd):
         """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.login`.
 
-        :raises InvalidArgumentException: If the provided username does not exist.
         :raises BadCredentialsException: If the provided password is wrong.
-        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed.
         :raises TwoFactorAuthRequiredException: First step of 2FA login done, now call
-           :meth:`Instaloader.two_factor_login`."""
+           :meth:`Instaloader.two_factor_login`.
+        :raises LoginException: An error happened during login (for example, and invalid response).
+           Or if the provided username does not exist.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.12
+           Raises LoginException instead of ConnectionException when an error happens.
+           Raises LoginException instead of InvalidArgumentException when the username does not exist.
+        """
         # pylint:disable=import-outside-toplevel
         import http.client
         # pylint:disable=protected-access
@@ -210,20 +291,25 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         # Override default timeout behavior.
         # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
         session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout) # type: ignore
-        csrf_json = self.get_json('accounts/login/', {}, session=session)
-        csrf_token = csrf_json['config']['csrf_token']
+
+        # Make a request to Instagram's root URL, which will set the session's csrftoken cookie
+        # Not using self.get_json() here, because we need to access the cookie
+        session.get('https://www.instagram.com/')
+        # Add session's csrftoken cookie to session headers
+        csrf_token = session.cookies.get_dict()['csrftoken']
         session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': csrf_token})
-        # Not using self.get_json() here, because we need to access csrftoken cookie
+
         self.do_sleep()
         # Workaround credits to pgrimaud.
         # See: https://github.com/pgrimaud/instagram-user-feed/commit/96ad4cf54d1ad331b337f325c73e664999a6d066
         enc_password = '#PWD_INSTAGRAM_BROWSER:0:{}:{}'.format(int(datetime.now().timestamp()), passwd)
-        login = session.post('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/ajax/',
+        login = session.post('https://www.instagram.com/api/v1/web/accounts/login/ajax/',
                              data={'enc_password': enc_password, 'username': user}, allow_redirects=True)
         try:
             resp_json = login.json()
+
         except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError as err:
-            raise ConnectionException(
+            raise LoginException(
                 "Login error: JSON decode fail, {} - {}.".format(login.status_code, login.reason)
             ) from err
         if resp_json.get('two_factor_required'):
@@ -235,35 +321,37 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                                             resp_json['two_factor_info']['two_factor_identifier'])
             raise TwoFactorAuthRequiredException("Login error: two-factor authentication required.")
         if resp_json.get('checkpoint_url'):
-            raise ConnectionException("Login: Checkpoint required. Point your browser to "
-                                      "https://www.instagram.com{} - "
-                                      "follow the instructions, then retry.".format(resp_json.get('checkpoint_url')))
+            raise LoginException(
+                f"Login: Checkpoint required. Point your browser to {resp_json.get('checkpoint_url')} - "
+                f"follow the instructions, then retry."
+            )
         if resp_json['status'] != 'ok':
             if 'message' in resp_json:
-                raise ConnectionException("Login error: \"{}\" status, message \"{}\".".format(resp_json['status'],
-                                                                                               resp_json['message']))
+                raise LoginException("Login error: \"{}\" status, message \"{}\".".format(resp_json['status'],
+                                                                                          resp_json['message']))
             else:
-                raise ConnectionException("Login error: \"{}\" status.".format(resp_json['status']))
+                raise LoginException("Login error: \"{}\" status.".format(resp_json['status']))
         if 'authenticated' not in resp_json:
             # Issue #472
             if 'message' in resp_json:
-                raise ConnectionException("Login error: Unexpected response, \"{}\".".format(resp_json['message']))
+                raise LoginException("Login error: Unexpected response, \"{}\".".format(resp_json['message']))
             else:
-                raise ConnectionException("Login error: Unexpected response, this might indicate a blocked IP.")
+                raise LoginException("Login error: Unexpected response, this might indicate a blocked IP.")
         if not resp_json['authenticated']:
             if resp_json['user']:
                 # '{"authenticated": false, "user": true, "status": "ok"}'
                 raise BadCredentialsException('Login error: Wrong password.')
             else:
                 # '{"authenticated": false, "user": false, "status": "ok"}'
-                # Raise InvalidArgumentException rather than BadCredentialException, because BadCredentialException
+                # Raise LoginException rather than BadCredentialException, because BadCredentialException
                 # triggers re-asking of password in Instaloader.interactive_login(), which makes no sense if the
                 # username is invalid.
-                raise InvalidArgumentException('Login error: User {} does not exist.'.format(user))
+                raise LoginException('Login error: User {} does not exist.'.format(user))
         # '{"authenticated": true, "user": true, "userId": ..., "oneTapPrompt": false, "status": "ok"}'
         session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': login.cookies['csrftoken']})
         self._session = session
         self.username = user
+        self.user_id = resp_json['userId']
 
     def two_factor_login(self, two_factor_code):
         """Second step of login if 2FA is enabled.
@@ -296,83 +384,110 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         if self.sleep:
             time.sleep(min(random.expovariate(0.6), 15.0))
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _response_error(resp: requests.Response) -> str:
+        extra_from_json: Optional[str] = None
+        with suppress(json.decoder.JSONDecodeError):
+            resp_json = resp.json()
+            if "status" in resp_json:
+                extra_from_json = (
+                    f"\"{resp_json['status']}\" status, message \"{resp_json['message']}\""
+                    if "message" in resp_json
+                    else f"\"{resp_json['status']}\" status"
+                )
+        return (
+            f"{resp.status_code} {resp.reason}"
+            f"{f' - {extra_from_json}' if extra_from_json is not None else ''}"
+            f" when accessing {resp.url}"
+        )
+
     def get_json(self, path: str, params: Dict[str, Any], host: str = 'www.instagram.com',
-                 session: Optional[requests.Session] = None, _attempt=1) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+                 session: Optional[requests.Session] = None, _attempt=1,
+                 response_headers: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+                 use_post: bool = False) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """JSON request to Instagram.
 
         :param path: URL, relative to the given domain which defaults to www.instagram.com/
-        :param params: GET parameters
+        :param params: request parameters
         :param host: Domain part of the URL from where to download the requested JSON; defaults to www.instagram.com
         :param session: Session to use, or None to use self.session
+        :param use_post: Use POST instead of GET to make the request
         :return: Decoded response dictionary
-        :raises QueryReturnedBadRequestException: When the server responds with a 400.
+        :raises AbortDownloadException: When the server responds with
+            'feedback_required'/'checkpoint_required'/'challenge_required'
+        :raises QueryReturnedBadRequestException: When the server responds with a 400 (and not
+            'feedback_required'/'checkpoint_required'/'challenge_required').
         :raises QueryReturnedNotFoundException: When the server responds with a 404.
         :raises ConnectionException: When query repeatedly failed.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.13
+           Added `use_post` parameter.
         """
         is_graphql_query = 'query_hash' in params and 'graphql/query' in path
+        is_doc_id_query = 'doc_id' in params and 'graphql/query' in path
         is_iphone_query = host == 'i.instagram.com'
-        is_other_query = not is_graphql_query and host == "www.instagram.com"
+        is_other_query = not is_graphql_query and not is_doc_id_query and host == "www.instagram.com"
         sess = session if session else self._session
         try:
             self.do_sleep()
             if is_graphql_query:
                 self._rate_controller.wait_before_query(params['query_hash'])
+            if is_doc_id_query:
+                self._rate_controller.wait_before_query(params['doc_id'])
             if is_iphone_query:
                 self._rate_controller.wait_before_query('iphone')
             if is_other_query:
                 self._rate_controller.wait_before_query('other')
-            resp = sess.get('https://{0}/{1}'.format(host, path), params=params, allow_redirects=False)
+            if use_post:
+                resp = sess.post('https://{0}/{1}'.format(host, path), data=params, allow_redirects=False)
+            else:
+                resp = sess.get('https://{0}/{1}'.format(host, path), params=params, allow_redirects=False)
             if resp.status_code in self.fatal_status_codes:
                 redirect = " redirect to {}".format(resp.headers['location']) if 'location' in resp.headers else ""
-                raise AbortDownloadException("Query to https://{}/{} responded with \"{} {}\"{}".format(
-                    host, path, resp.status_code, resp.reason, redirect
+                body = ""
+                if resp.headers['Content-Type'].startswith('application/json'):
+                    body = ': ' + resp.text[:500] + ('…' if len(resp.text) > 501 else '')
+                raise AbortDownloadException("Query to https://{}/{} responded with \"{} {}\"{}{}".format(
+                    host, path, resp.status_code, resp.reason, redirect, body
                 ))
             while resp.is_redirect:
                 redirect_url = resp.headers['location']
                 self.log('\nHTTP redirect from https://{0}/{1} to {2}'.format(host, path, redirect_url))
-                if redirect_url.startswith('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login'):
+                if (redirect_url.startswith('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login') or
+                    redirect_url.startswith('https://i.instagram.com/accounts/login')):
                     if not self.is_logged_in:
-                        raise LoginRequiredException("Redirected to login page. Use --login.")
-                    # alternate rate limit exceeded behavior
-                    raise TooManyRequestsException("Redirected to login")
+                        raise LoginRequiredException("Redirected to login page. Use --login or --load-cookies.")
+                    raise AbortDownloadException("Redirected to login page. You've been logged out, please wait " +
+                                                 "some time, recreate the session and try again")
                 if redirect_url.startswith('https://{}/'.format(host)):
                     resp = sess.get(redirect_url if redirect_url.endswith('/') else redirect_url + '/',
                                     params=params, allow_redirects=False)
                 else:
                     break
+            if response_headers is not None:
+                response_headers.clear()
+                response_headers.update(resp.headers)
             if resp.status_code == 400:
-                raise QueryReturnedBadRequestException("400 Bad Request")
+                with suppress(json.decoder.JSONDecodeError):
+                    if resp.json().get("message") in [
+                        "feedback_required",
+                        "checkpoint_required",
+                        "challenge_required",
+                    ]:
+                        # Raise AbortDownloadException in case of substantial Instagram
+                        # requirements to stop producing more requests
+                        raise AbortDownloadException(self._response_error(resp))
+                raise QueryReturnedBadRequestException(self._response_error(resp))
             if resp.status_code == 404:
-                raise QueryReturnedNotFoundException("404 Not Found")
+                raise QueryReturnedNotFoundException(self._response_error(resp))
             if resp.status_code == 429:
-                raise TooManyRequestsException("429 Too Many Requests")
+                raise TooManyRequestsException(self._response_error(resp))
             if resp.status_code != 200:
-                raise ConnectionException("HTTP error code {}.".format(resp.status_code))
-            is_html_query = not is_graphql_query and not "__a" in params and host == "www.instagram.com"
-            if is_html_query:
-                match = re.search(r'window\._sharedData = (.*);</script>', resp.text)
-                if match is None:
-                    raise QueryReturnedNotFoundException("Could not find \"window._sharedData\" in html response.")
-                resp_json = json.loads(match.group(1))
-                entry_data = resp_json.get('entry_data')
-                post_or_profile_page = list(entry_data.values())[0] if entry_data is not None else None
-                if post_or_profile_page is None:
-                    raise ConnectionException("\"window._sharedData\" does not contain required keys.")
-                # If GraphQL data is missing in `window._sharedData`, search for it in `__additionalDataLoaded`.
-                if 'graphql' not in post_or_profile_page[0]:
-                    match = re.search(r'window\.__additionalDataLoaded\(.*?({.*"graphql":.*})\);</script>',
-                                      resp.text)
-                    if match is not None:
-                        post_or_profile_page[0]['graphql'] = json.loads(match.group(1))['graphql']
-                return resp_json
+                raise ConnectionException(self._response_error(resp))
             else:
                 resp_json = resp.json()
             if 'status' in resp_json and resp_json['status'] != "ok":
-                if 'message' in resp_json:
-                    raise ConnectionException("Returned \"{}\" status, message \"{}\".".format(resp_json['status'],
-                                                                                               resp_json['message']))
-                else:
-                    raise ConnectionException("Returned \"{}\" status.".format(resp_json['status']))
+                raise ConnectionException(self._response_error(resp))
             return resp_json
         except (ConnectionException, json.decoder.JSONDecodeError, requests.exceptions.RequestException) as err:
             error_string = "JSON Query to {}: {}".format(path, err)
@@ -386,25 +501,30 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                 if isinstance(err, TooManyRequestsException):
                     if is_graphql_query:
                         self._rate_controller.handle_429(params['query_hash'])
+                    if is_doc_id_query:
+                        self._rate_controller.handle_429(params['doc_id'])
                     if is_iphone_query:
                         self._rate_controller.handle_429('iphone')
                     if is_other_query:
                         self._rate_controller.handle_429('other')
-                return self.get_json(path=path, params=params, host=host, session=sess, _attempt=_attempt + 1)
+                return self.get_json(path=path, params=params, host=host, session=sess, _attempt=_attempt + 1,
+                                     response_headers=response_headers)
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 self.error("[skipped by user]", repeat_at_end=False)
                 raise ConnectionException(error_string) from err
 
     def graphql_query(self, query_hash: str, variables: Dict[str, Any],
-                      referer: Optional[str] = None, rhx_gis: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+                      referer: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """
         Do a GraphQL Query.
 
         :param query_hash: Query identifying hash.
         :param variables: Variables for the Query.
         :param referer: HTTP Referer, or None.
-        :param rhx_gis: 'rhx_gis' variable as somewhere returned by Instagram, needed to 'sign' request
         :return: The server's response dictionary.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.13.1
+           Removed the `rhx_gis` parameter.
         """
         with copy_session(self._session, self.request_timeout) as tmpsession:
             tmpsession.headers.update(self._default_http_header(empty_session_only=True))
@@ -418,12 +538,6 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
 
             variables_json = json.dumps(variables, separators=(',', ':'))
 
-            if rhx_gis:
-                #self.log("rhx_gis {} query_hash {}".format(rhx_gis, query_hash))
-                values = "{}:{}".format(rhx_gis, variables_json)
-                x_instagram_gis = hashlib.md5(values.encode()).hexdigest()
-                tmpsession.headers['x-instagram-gis'] = x_instagram_gis
-
             resp_json = self.get_json('graphql/query',
                                       params={'query_hash': query_hash,
                                               'variables': variables_json},
@@ -432,10 +546,52 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
             self.error("GraphQL response did not contain a \"status\" field.")
         return resp_json
 
+    def doc_id_graphql_query(self, doc_id: str, variables: Dict[str, Any],
+                             referer: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Do a doc_id-based GraphQL Query using method POST.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.13
+
+        :param doc_id: doc_id for the query.
+        :param variables: Variables for the Query.
+        :param referer: HTTP Referer, or None.
+        :return: The server's response dictionary.
+        """
+        csrf = next((c.value for c in self._session.cookies
+                     if c.name == 'csrftoken' and c.value), None)
+        if not csrf:
+            self._session.get('https://www.instagram.com/', timeout=self.request_timeout)
+            csrf = next((c.value for c in self._session.cookies
+                         if c.name == 'csrftoken' and c.value), '')
+
+        with copy_session(self._session, self.request_timeout) as tmpsession:
+            tmpsession.headers.update(self._default_http_header(empty_session_only=True))
+            del tmpsession.headers['Connection']
+            del tmpsession.headers['Content-Length']
+            tmpsession.headers['authority'] = 'www.instagram.com'
+            tmpsession.headers['scheme'] = 'https'
+            tmpsession.headers['accept'] = '*/*'
+            tmpsession.headers['x-csrftoken'] = csrf
+            if referer is not None:
+                tmpsession.headers['referer'] = urllib.parse.quote(referer)
+
+            variables_json = json.dumps(variables, separators=(',', ':'))
+
+            resp_json = self.get_json('graphql/query',
+                                      params={'variables': variables_json,
+                                              'doc_id': doc_id,
+                                              'server_timestamps': 'true'},
+                                      session=tmpsession,
+                                      use_post=True)
+        if 'status' not in resp_json:
+            self.error("GraphQL response did not contain a \"status\" field.")
+        return resp_json
+
     def graphql_node_list(self, query_hash: str, query_variables: Dict[str, Any],
                           query_referer: Optional[str],
                           edge_extractor: Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Dict[str, Any]],
-                          rhx_gis: Optional[str] = None,
+                          _rhx_gis: Optional[str] = None,
                           first_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> Iterator[Dict[str, Any]]:
         """
         Retrieve a list of GraphQL nodes.
@@ -447,7 +603,7 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         def _query():
             query_variables['first'] = self._graphql_page_length
             try:
-                return edge_extractor(self.graphql_query(query_hash, query_variables, query_referer, rhx_gis))
+                return edge_extractor(self.graphql_query(query_hash, query_variables, query_referer))
             except QueryReturnedBadRequestException:
                 new_page_length = int(self._graphql_page_length / 2)
                 if new_page_length >= 12:
@@ -480,11 +636,89 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
 
         .. versionadded:: 4.2.1"""
         with copy_session(self._session, self.request_timeout) as tempsession:
-            tempsession.headers['User-Agent'] = 'Instagram 146.0.0.27.125 (iPhone12,1; iOS 13_3; en_US; en-US; ' \
-                                                'scale=2.00; 1656x3584; 190542906)'
-            for header in ['Host', 'Origin', 'X-Instagram-AJAX', 'X-Requested-With']:
+            # Set headers to simulate an API request from iPad
+            tempsession.headers['ig-intended-user-id'] = str(self.user_id)
+            tempsession.headers['x-pigeon-rawclienttime'] = '{:.6f}'.format(time.time())
+
+            # Add headers obtained from previous iPad request
+            tempsession.headers.update(self.iphone_headers)
+
+            # Extract key information from cookies if we haven't got it already from a previous request
+            header_cookies_mapping = {'x-mid': 'mid',
+                                     'ig-u-ds-user-id': 'ds_user_id',
+                                     'x-ig-device-id': 'ig_did',
+                                     'x-ig-family-device-id': 'ig_did',
+                                     'family_device_id': 'ig_did'}
+
+            # Map the cookie value to the matching HTTP request header
+            cookies = tempsession.cookies.get_dict().copy()
+            for key, value in header_cookies_mapping.items():
+                if value in cookies:
+                    if key not in tempsession.headers:
+                        tempsession.headers[key] = cookies[value]
+                    else:
+                        # Remove the cookie value if it's already specified as a header
+                        tempsession.cookies.pop(value, None)
+
+            # Edge case for ig-u-rur header due to special string encoding in cookie
+            if 'rur' in cookies:
+                if 'ig-u-rur' not in tempsession.headers:
+                    tempsession.headers['ig-u-rur'] = cookies['rur'].strip('\"').encode('utf-8') \
+                                                                    .decode('unicode_escape')
+                else:
+                    tempsession.cookies.pop('rur', None)
+
+            # Remove headers specific to Desktop version
+            for header in ['Host', 'Origin', 'X-Instagram-AJAX', 'X-Requested-With', 'Referer']:
                 tempsession.headers.pop(header, None)
-            return self.get_json(path, params, 'i.instagram.com', tempsession)
+
+            # No need for cookies if we have a bearer token
+            if 'authorization' in tempsession.headers:
+                tempsession.cookies.clear()
+
+            response_headers = dict()    # type: Dict[str, Any]
+            response = self.get_json(path, params, 'i.instagram.com', tempsession, response_headers=response_headers)
+
+            # Extract the ig-set-* headers and use them in the next request
+            for key, value in response_headers.items():
+                if key.startswith('ig-set-'):
+                    self.iphone_headers[key.replace('ig-set-', '')] = value
+                elif key.startswith('x-ig-set-'):
+                    self.iphone_headers[key.replace('x-ig-set-', 'x-ig-')] = value
+
+            return response
+
+    def get_page_data(self, path: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Load a page of ``www.instagram.com`` as a logged-out visitor and return the data it embeds.
+
+        Instagram renders public profile and post pages with the results of their GraphQL queries
+        embedded in the HTML, even when it refuses anonymous API requests for the same data.
+
+        :param path: URL, relative to ``www.instagram.com/``
+        :return: The ``data`` object of each query result that the page embeds, in page order.
+        :raises QueryReturnedNotFoundException: When the server responds with a 404.
+        :raises ConnectionException: When the request failed.
+        """
+        self.do_sleep()
+        self._rate_controller.wait_before_query('other')
+        url = 'https://www.instagram.com/{0}'.format(path)
+        # Instagram only embeds the data when the request looks like a browser's page navigation.
+        headers = {'Accept': 'text/html', 'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document', 'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
+                   'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'none'}
+        try:
+            with self.get_anonymous_session() as anonymous_session:
+                resp = anonymous_session.get(url, headers=headers, allow_redirects=False)
+        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as err:
+            raise ConnectionException("Page request to {}: {}".format(url, err)) from err
+        if resp.status_code == 404:
+            raise QueryReturnedNotFoundException(self._response_error(resp))
+        if resp.status_code != 200:
+            raise ConnectionException(self._response_error(resp))
+        data: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
+        for script in re.finditer(r'<script type="application/json"[^>]*>(.*?)</script>', resp.text, re.DOTALL):
+            with suppress(json.decoder.JSONDecodeError):
+                data.extend(_embedded_query_data(json.loads(script.group(1))))
+        return data
 
     def write_raw(self, resp: Union[bytes, requests.Response], filename: str) -> None:
         """Write raw response data into a file.
@@ -514,11 +748,11 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         else:
             if resp.status_code == 403:
                 # suspected invalid URL signature
-                raise QueryReturnedForbiddenException("403 when accessing {}.".format(url))
+                raise QueryReturnedForbiddenException(self._response_error(resp))
             if resp.status_code == 404:
                 # 404 not worth retrying.
-                raise QueryReturnedNotFoundException("404 when accessing {}.".format(url))
-            raise ConnectionException("HTTP error code {}.".format(resp.status_code))
+                raise QueryReturnedNotFoundException(self._response_error(resp))
+            raise ConnectionException(self._response_error(resp))
 
     def get_and_write_raw(self, url: str, filename: str) -> None:
         """Downloads and writes anonymously-requested raw data into a file.
@@ -528,16 +762,27 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         :raises ConnectionException: When download repeatedly failed."""
         self.write_raw(self.get_raw(url), filename)
 
-    @property
-    def root_rhx_gis(self) -> Optional[str]:
-        """rhx_gis string returned in the / query."""
-        if self.is_logged_in:
-            # At the moment, rhx_gis seems to be required for anonymous requests only. By returning None when logged
-            # in, we can save the root_rhx_gis lookup query.
-            return None
-        if self._root_rhx_gis is None:
-            self._root_rhx_gis = self.get_json('', {}).get('rhx_gis', '')
-        return self._root_rhx_gis or None
+    def head(self, url: str, allow_redirects: bool = False) -> requests.Response:
+        """HEAD a URL anonymously.
+
+        :raises QueryReturnedNotFoundException: When the server responds with a 404.
+        :raises QueryReturnedForbiddenException: When the server responds with a 403.
+        :raises ConnectionException: When request failed.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.7.6
+        """
+        with self.get_anonymous_session() as anonymous_session:
+            resp = anonymous_session.head(url, allow_redirects=allow_redirects)
+        if resp.status_code == 200:
+            return resp
+        else:
+            if resp.status_code == 403:
+                # suspected invalid URL signature
+                raise QueryReturnedForbiddenException(self._response_error(resp))
+            if resp.status_code == 404:
+                # 404 not worth retrying.
+                raise QueryReturnedNotFoundException(self._response_error(resp))
+            raise ConnectionException(self._response_error(resp))
 
 
 class RateController:
@@ -558,7 +803,7 @@ class RateController:
 
     def __init__(self, context: InstaloaderContext):
         self._context = context
-        self._query_timestamps = dict()  # type: Dict[str, List[float]]
+        self._query_timestamps: Dict[str, List[float]] = dict()
         self._earliest_next_request_time = 0.0
         self._iphone_earliest_next_request_time = 0.0
 
@@ -566,7 +811,6 @@ class RateController:
         """Wait given number of seconds."""
         # Not static, to allow for the behavior of this method to depend on context-inherent properties, such as
         # whether we are logged in.
-        # pylint:disable=no-self-use
         time.sleep(secs)
 
     def _dump_query_timestamps(self, current_time: float, failed_query_type: str):
@@ -590,7 +834,6 @@ class RateController:
         control."""
         # Not static, to allow for the count_per_sliding_window to depend on context-inherent properties, such as
         # whether we are logged in.
-        # pylint:disable=no-self-use
         return 75 if query_type == 'other' else 200
 
     def _reqs_in_sliding_window(self, query_type: Optional[str], current_time: float, window: float) -> List[float]:

instaloader/lateststamps.py

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import configparser
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Optional
+from os.path import dirname
+from os import makedirs
+
+
+class LatestStamps:
+    """LatestStamps class.
+
+    Convenience class for retrieving and storing data from the :option:`--latest-stamps` file.
+
+    :param latest_stamps_file: path to file.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.8"""
+    PROFILE_ID = 'profile-id'
+    PROFILE_PIC = 'profile-pic'
+    POST_TIMESTAMP = 'post-timestamp'
+    TAGGED_TIMESTAMP = 'tagged-timestamp'
+    IGTV_TIMESTAMP = 'igtv-timestamp'
+    REELS_TIMESTAMP = 'reels-timestamp'
+    STORY_TIMESTAMP = 'story-timestamp'
+    ISO_FORMAT = '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f%z'
+
+    def __init__(self, latest_stamps_file):
+        self.file = latest_stamps_file
+        self.data = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        self.data.read(latest_stamps_file)
+
+    def _save(self):
+        if dn := dirname(self.file):
+            makedirs(dn, exist_ok=True)
+        with open(self.file, 'w') as f:
+            self.data.write(f)
+
+    def _ensure_section(self, section: str):
+        if not self.data.has_section(section):
+            self.data.add_section(section)
+
+    def get_profile_id(self, profile_name: str) -> Optional[int]:
+        """Returns stored ID of profile."""
+        try:
+            return self.data.getint(profile_name, self.PROFILE_ID)
+        except (configparser.Error, ValueError):
+            return None
+
+    def save_profile_id(self, profile_name: str, profile_id: int):
+        """Stores ID of profile."""
+        self._ensure_section(profile_name)
+        self.data.set(profile_name, self.PROFILE_ID, str(profile_id))
+        self._save()
+
+    def rename_profile(self, old_profile: str, new_profile: str):
+        """Renames a profile."""
+        self._ensure_section(new_profile)
+        for option in [self.PROFILE_ID, self.PROFILE_PIC, self.POST_TIMESTAMP,
+                       self.TAGGED_TIMESTAMP, self.IGTV_TIMESTAMP, self.STORY_TIMESTAMP]:
+            if self.data.has_option(old_profile, option):
+                value = self.data.get(old_profile, option)
+                self.data.set(new_profile, option, value)
+        self.data.remove_section(old_profile)
+        self._save()
+
+    def _get_timestamp(self, section: str, key: str) -> datetime:
+        try:
+            return datetime.strptime(self.data.get(section, key), self.ISO_FORMAT)
+        except (configparser.Error, ValueError):
+            return datetime.fromtimestamp(0, timezone.utc)
+
+    def _set_timestamp(self, section: str, key: str, timestamp: datetime):
+        self._ensure_section(section)
+        self.data.set(section, key, timestamp.strftime(self.ISO_FORMAT))
+        self._save()
+
+    def get_last_post_timestamp(self, profile_name: str) -> datetime:
+        """Returns timestamp of last download of a profile's posts."""
+        return self._get_timestamp(profile_name, self.POST_TIMESTAMP)
+
+    def set_last_post_timestamp(self, profile_name: str, timestamp: datetime):
+        """Sets timestamp of last download of a profile's posts."""
+        self._set_timestamp(profile_name, self.POST_TIMESTAMP, timestamp)
+
+    def get_last_tagged_timestamp(self, profile_name: str) -> datetime:
+        """Returns timestamp of last download of a profile's tagged posts."""
+        return self._get_timestamp(profile_name, self.TAGGED_TIMESTAMP)
+
+    def set_last_tagged_timestamp(self, profile_name: str, timestamp: datetime):
+        """Sets timestamp of last download of a profile's tagged posts."""
+        self._set_timestamp(profile_name, self.TAGGED_TIMESTAMP, timestamp)
+
+    def get_last_reels_timestamp(self, profile_name: str) -> datetime:
+        """Returns timestamp of last download of a profile's reels posts."""
+        return self._get_timestamp(profile_name, self.REELS_TIMESTAMP)
+
+    def set_last_reels_timestamp(self, profile_name: str, timestamp: datetime):
+        """Sets timestamp of last download of a profile's reels posts."""
+        self._set_timestamp(profile_name, self.REELS_TIMESTAMP, timestamp)
+
+    def get_last_igtv_timestamp(self, profile_name: str) -> datetime:
+        """Returns timestamp of last download of a profile's igtv posts."""
+        return self._get_timestamp(profile_name, self.IGTV_TIMESTAMP)
+
+    def set_last_igtv_timestamp(self, profile_name: str, timestamp: datetime):
+        """Sets timestamp of last download of a profile's igtv posts."""
+        self._set_timestamp(profile_name, self.IGTV_TIMESTAMP, timestamp)
+
+    def get_last_story_timestamp(self, profile_name: str) -> datetime:
+        """Returns timestamp of last download of a profile's stories."""
+        return self._get_timestamp(profile_name, self.STORY_TIMESTAMP)
+
+    def set_last_story_timestamp(self, profile_name: str, timestamp: datetime):
+        """Sets timestamp of last download of a profile's stories."""
+        self._set_timestamp(profile_name, self.STORY_TIMESTAMP, timestamp)
+
+    def get_profile_pic(self, profile_name: str) -> str:
+        """Returns filename of profile's last downloaded profile pic."""
+        try:
+            return self.data.get(profile_name, self.PROFILE_PIC)
+        except configparser.Error:
+            return ""
+
+    def set_profile_pic(self, profile_name: str, profile_pic: str):
+        """Sets filename of profile's last downloaded profile pic."""
+        self._ensure_section(profile_name)
+        self.data.set(profile_name, self.PROFILE_PIC, profile_pic)
+        self._save()

instaloader/nodeiterator.py

@@ -7,17 +7,19 @@ from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from lzma import LZMAError
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, NamedTuple, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar
 
-from .exceptions import AbortDownloadException, InvalidArgumentException, QueryReturnedBadRequestException
+from .exceptions import InvalidArgumentException
 from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext
 
-FrozenNodeIterator = NamedTuple('FrozenNodeIterator',
-                                [('query_hash', str),
-                                 ('query_variables', Dict),
-                                 ('query_referer', Optional[str]),
-                                 ('context_username', Optional[str]),
-                                 ('total_index', int),
-                                 ('best_before', Optional[float]),
-                                 ('remaining_data', Optional[Dict])])
+class FrozenNodeIterator(NamedTuple):
+    query_hash: Optional[str]
+    query_variables: Dict
+    query_referer: Optional[str]
+    context_username: Optional[str]
+    total_index: int
+    best_before: Optional[float]
+    remaining_data: Optional[Dict]
+    first_node: Optional[Dict]
+    doc_id: Optional[str]
 FrozenNodeIterator.query_hash.__doc__ = """The GraphQL ``query_hash`` parameter."""
 FrozenNodeIterator.query_variables.__doc__ = """The GraphQL ``query_variables`` parameter."""
 FrozenNodeIterator.query_referer.__doc__ = """The HTTP referer used for the GraphQL query."""
@@ -26,7 +28,8 @@ FrozenNodeIterator.total_index.__doc__ = """Number of items that have already be
 FrozenNodeIterator.best_before.__doc__ = """Date when parts of the stored nodes might have expired."""
 FrozenNodeIterator.remaining_data.__doc__ = \
     """The already-retrieved, yet-unprocessed ``edges`` and the ``page_info`` at time of freezing."""
-
+FrozenNodeIterator.first_node.__doc__ = """Node data of the first item, if an item has been produced."""
+FrozenNodeIterator.doc_id.__doc__ = """The GraphQL ``doc_id`` parameter."""
 
 T = TypeVar('T')
 
@@ -63,21 +66,27 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
     NodeIterators are matching if and only if they have the same magic.
 
     See also :func:`resumable_iteration` for a high-level context manager that handles a resumable iteration.
+
+    .. versionchanged: 4.13
+       Included support for `doc_id`-based queries (using POST method).
     """
 
-    _graphql_page_length = 50
+    _graphql_page_length = 12
     _shelf_life = timedelta(days=29)
 
     def __init__(self,
                  context: InstaloaderContext,
-                 query_hash: str,
+                 query_hash: Optional[str],
                  edge_extractor: Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Dict[str, Any]],
                  node_wrapper: Callable[[Dict], T],
                  query_variables: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
                  query_referer: Optional[str] = None,
-                 first_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None):
+                 first_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+                 is_first: Optional[Callable[[T, Optional[T]], bool]] = None,
+                 doc_id: Optional[str] = None):
         self._context = context
         self._query_hash = query_hash
+        self._doc_id = doc_id
         self._edge_extractor = edge_extractor
         self._node_wrapper = node_wrapper
         self._query_variables = query_variables if query_variables is not None else {}
@@ -89,28 +98,42 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
             self._best_before = datetime.now() + NodeIterator._shelf_life
         else:
             self._data = self._query()
+        self._first_node: Optional[Dict] = None
+        self._is_first = is_first
 
     def _query(self, after: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict:
-        pagination_variables = {'first': NodeIterator._graphql_page_length}  # type: Dict[str, Any]
+        if self._doc_id is not None:
+            return self._query_doc_id(self._doc_id, after)
+        else:
+            assert self._query_hash is not None
+            return self._query_query_hash(self._query_hash, after)
+
+    def _query_doc_id(self, doc_id: str, after: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict:
+        pagination_variables: Dict[str, Any] = {'__relay_internal__pv__PolarisFeedShareMenurelayprovider': False}
         if after is not None:
             pagination_variables['after'] = after
-        try:
-            data = self._edge_extractor(
-                self._context.graphql_query(
-                    self._query_hash, {**self._query_variables, **pagination_variables}, self._query_referer
-                )
+            pagination_variables['before'] = None
+            pagination_variables['first'] = 12
+            pagination_variables['last'] = None
+        data = self._edge_extractor(
+            self._context.doc_id_graphql_query(
+                doc_id, {**self._query_variables, **pagination_variables}, self._query_referer
             )
-            self._best_before = datetime.now() + NodeIterator._shelf_life
-            return data
-        except QueryReturnedBadRequestException:
-            new_page_length = int(NodeIterator._graphql_page_length / 2)
-            if new_page_length >= 12:
-                NodeIterator._graphql_page_length = new_page_length
-                self._context.error("HTTP Error 400 (Bad Request) on GraphQL Query. Retrying with shorter page length.",
-                                    repeat_at_end=False)
-                return self._query(after)
-            else:
-                raise
+        )
+        self._best_before = datetime.now() + NodeIterator._shelf_life
+        return data
+
+    def _query_query_hash(self, query_hash: str, after: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict:
+        pagination_variables: Dict[str, Any] = {'first': NodeIterator._graphql_page_length}
+        if after is not None:
+            pagination_variables['after'] = after
+        data = self._edge_extractor(
+            self._context.graphql_query(
+                query_hash, {**self._query_variables, **pagination_variables}, self._query_referer
+            )
+        )
+        self._best_before = datetime.now() + NodeIterator._shelf_life
+        return data
 
     def __iter__(self):
         return self
@@ -125,17 +148,25 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
             except KeyboardInterrupt:
                 self._page_index, self._total_index = page_index, total_index
                 raise
-            return self._node_wrapper(node)
-        if self._data['page_info']['has_next_page']:
+            item = self._node_wrapper(node)
+            if self._is_first is not None:
+                if self._is_first(item, self.first_item):
+                    self._first_node = node
+            else:
+                if self._first_node is None:
+                    self._first_node = node
+            return item
+        if self._data.get('page_info', {}).get('has_next_page'):
             query_response = self._query(self._data['page_info']['end_cursor'])
-            page_index, data = self._page_index, self._data
-            try:
-                self._page_index = 0
-                self._data = query_response
-            except KeyboardInterrupt:
-                self._page_index, self._data = page_index, data
-                raise
-            return self.__next__()
+            if self._data['edges'] != query_response['edges'] and len(query_response['edges']) > 0:
+                page_index, data = self._page_index, self._data
+                try:
+                    self._page_index = 0
+                    self._data = query_response
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    self._page_index, self._data = page_index, data
+                    raise
+                return self.__next__()
         raise StopIteration()
 
     @property
@@ -157,6 +188,25 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
         ).encode())
         return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(magic_hash.digest()).decode()
 
+    @property
+    def first_item(self) -> Optional[T]:
+        """
+        If this iterator has produced any items, returns the first item produced.
+
+        It is possible to override what is considered the first item (for example, to consider the
+        newest item in case items are not in strict chronological order) by passing a callback
+        function as the `is_first` parameter when creating the class.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.8
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.9.2
+           What is considered the first item can be overridden.
+        """
+        return self._node_wrapper(self._first_node) if self._first_node is not None else None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def page_length() -> int:
+        return NodeIterator._graphql_page_length
+
     def freeze(self) -> FrozenNodeIterator:
         """Freeze the iterator for later resuming."""
         remaining_data = None
@@ -171,6 +221,8 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
             total_index=max(self.total_index - 1, 0),
             best_before=self._best_before.timestamp() if self._best_before else None,
             remaining_data=remaining_data,
+            first_node=self._first_node,
+            doc_id=self._doc_id,
         )
 
     def thaw(self, frozen: FrozenNodeIterator) -> None:
@@ -188,7 +240,8 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
         if (self._query_hash != frozen.query_hash or
                 self._query_variables != frozen.query_variables or
                 self._query_referer != frozen.query_referer or
-                self._context.username != frozen.context_username):
+                self._context.username != frozen.context_username or
+                self._doc_id != frozen.doc_id):
             raise InvalidArgumentException("Mismatching resume information.")
         if not frozen.best_before:
             raise InvalidArgumentException("\"best before\" date missing.")
@@ -197,6 +250,8 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
         self._total_index = frozen.total_index
         self._best_before = datetime.fromtimestamp(frozen.best_before)
         self._data = frozen.remaining_data
+        if frozen.first_node is not None:
+            self._first_node = frozen.first_node
 
 
 @contextmanager
@@ -259,11 +314,11 @@ def resumable_iteration(context: InstaloaderContext,
             is_resuming = True
             start_index = iterator.total_index
             context.log("Resuming from {}.".format(resume_file_path))
-        except (InvalidArgumentException, LZMAError, json.decoder.JSONDecodeError) as exc:
+        except (InvalidArgumentException, LZMAError, json.decoder.JSONDecodeError, EOFError) as exc:
             context.error("Warning: Not resuming from {}: {}".format(resume_file_path, exc))
     try:
         yield is_resuming, start_index
-    except (KeyboardInterrupt, AbortDownloadException):
+    except (Exception, KeyboardInterrupt):
         if os.path.dirname(resume_file_path):
             os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(resume_file_path), exist_ok=True)
         save(iterator.freeze(), resume_file_path)

instaloader/sectioniterator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, Optional, TypeVar
+
+from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+class SectionIterator(Iterator[T]):
+    """Iterator for the new 'sections'-style responses.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 4.9"""
+    def __init__(self,
+                 context: InstaloaderContext,
+                 sections_extractor: Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Dict[str, Any]],
+                 media_wrapper: Callable[[Dict], T],
+                 query_path: str,
+                 first_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None):
+        self._context = context
+        self._sections_extractor = sections_extractor
+        self._media_wrapper = media_wrapper
+        self._query_path = query_path
+        self._data = first_data or self._query()
+        self._page_index = 0
+        self._section_index = 0
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def _query(self, max_id: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        pagination_variables = {"max_id": max_id} if max_id is not None else {}
+        return self._sections_extractor(
+            self._context.get_json(self._query_path, params={"__a": 1, "__d": "dis", **pagination_variables})
+        )
+
+    def __next__(self) -> T:
+        if self._page_index < len(self._data['sections']):
+            media = self._data['sections'][self._page_index]['layout_content']['medias'][self._section_index]['media']
+            self._section_index += 1
+            if self._section_index >= len(self._data['sections'][self._page_index]['layout_content']['medias']):
+                self._section_index = 0
+                self._page_index += 1
+            return self._media_wrapper(media)
+        if self._data['more_available']:
+            self._page_index, self._section_index, self._data = 0, 0, self._query(self._data["next_max_id"])
+            return self.__next__()
+        raise StopIteration()

setup.py

@@ -18,10 +18,13 @@ def get_version():
     raise SystemExit("Could not find version string.")
 
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 6):
-    sys.exit('Instaloader requires Python >= 3.6.')
+if sys.version_info < (3, 10):
+    sys.exit('Instaloader requires Python >= 3.10.')
 
-requirements = ['requests>=2.4']
+requirements = ['requests>=2.25']
+optional_requirements = {
+    'browser_cookie3': ['browser_cookie3>=0.19.1'],
+}
 
 keywords = (['instagram', 'instagram-scraper', 'instagram-client', 'instagram-feed', 'downloader', 'videos', 'photos',
              'pictures', 'instagram-user-photos', 'instagram-photos', 'instagram-metadata', 'instagram-downloader',
@@ -43,7 +46,8 @@ setup(
                 'from Instagram.',
     long_description=open(os.path.join(SRC, 'README.rst')).read(),
     install_requires=requirements,
-    python_requires='>=3.6',
+    python_requires='>=3.10',
+    extras_require=optional_requirements,
     entry_points={'console_scripts': ['instaloader=instaloader.__main__:main']},
     zip_safe=False,
     keywords=keywords,
@@ -54,10 +58,12 @@ setup(
         'Intended Audience :: Developers',
         'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
         'Operating System :: OS Independent',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
-        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.15',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only',
         'Topic :: Internet',
         'Topic :: Multimedia :: Graphics'

test/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Instaloader Tests
+
+Integration tests for Instaloader features that require Instagram access are maintained here:
+https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader-tests

test/instaloader_unittests.py

@@ -1,214 +0,0 @@
-"""Unit Tests for Instaloader"""
-
-import os
-import shutil
-import tempfile
-import unittest
-from itertools import islice
-from typing import Optional
-
-import instaloader
-
-PROFILE_WITH_HIGHLIGHTS = 325732271
-PUBLIC_PROFILE = "selenagomez"
-PUBLIC_PROFILE_ID = 460563723
-PUBLIC_PROFILE_WITH_IGTV = "natgeo"
-HASHTAG = "kitten"
-LOCATION = "362629379"
-OWN_USERNAME = "aandergr"
-NORMAL_MAX_COUNT = 2
-PAGING_MAX_COUNT = 15
-PRIVATE_PROFILE = "aandergr"
-PRIVATE_PROFILE_ID = 1706625676
-EMPTY_PROFILE = "not_public"
-EMPTY_PROFILE_ID = 1928659031
-
-ratecontroller = None  # type: Optional[instaloader.RateController]
-
-
-class TestInstaloaderAnonymously(unittest.TestCase):
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-        print("Testing in {}".format(self.dir))
-        os.chdir(self.dir)
-        self.L = instaloader.Instaloader(download_geotags=True,
-                                         download_comments=True,
-                                         save_metadata=True)
-        self.L.context.raise_all_errors = True
-        if ratecontroller is not None:
-            # pylint:disable=protected-access
-            ratecontroller._context = self.L.context
-            self.L.context._rate_controller = ratecontroller
-
-    def tearDown(self):
-        # pylint:disable=global-statement,protected-access
-        global ratecontroller
-        ratecontroller = self.L.context._rate_controller
-        self.L.close()
-        os.chdir('/')
-        print("Removing {}".format(self.dir))
-        shutil.rmtree(self.dir)
-
-    def post_paging_test(self, iterator):
-        previous_post = None
-        for post in islice(iterator, PAGING_MAX_COUNT):
-            print(post)
-            if previous_post:
-                self.assertTrue(post.date_utc < previous_post.date_utc)
-            previous_post = post
-
-    @unittest.skip('')
-    def test_public_profile_download(self):
-        profiles = {self.L.check_profile_id(PUBLIC_PROFILE)}
-        self.L.download_profiles(profiles, profile_pic=False, fast_update=True, raise_errors=True)
-        self.L.download_profiles(profiles, profile_pic=False, fast_update=True, raise_errors=True)
-
-    def test_public_profile_paging(self):
-        self.post_paging_test(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).get_posts())
-
-    def test_profile_pic_download(self):
-        self.L.download_profiles({self.L.check_profile_id(PUBLIC_PROFILE)}, posts=False, raise_errors=True)
-
-    def test_hashtag_download(self):
-        self.L.download_hashtag(HASHTAG, NORMAL_MAX_COUNT)
-
-    def test_hashtag_paging(self):
-        for count, post in enumerate(instaloader.Hashtag.from_name(self.L.context, HASHTAG).get_all_posts()):
-            print(post)
-            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
-                break
-
-    def test_get_id_by_username(self):
-        self.assertEqual(PUBLIC_PROFILE_ID,
-                         instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).userid)
-
-    def test_get_username_by_id_private(self):
-        self.assertEqual(PRIVATE_PROFILE.lower(),
-                         instaloader.Profile.from_id(self.L.context, PRIVATE_PROFILE_ID).username)
-
-    def test_get_username_by_id_public(self):
-        self.assertEqual(PUBLIC_PROFILE.lower(),
-                         instaloader.Profile.from_id(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE_ID).username)
-
-    def test_get_username_by_id_empty(self):
-        self.assertEqual(EMPTY_PROFILE.lower(),
-                         instaloader.Profile.from_id(self.L.context, EMPTY_PROFILE_ID).username)
-
-    def test_get_username_by_name_empty(self):
-        self.assertEqual(EMPTY_PROFILE_ID,
-                         instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, EMPTY_PROFILE).userid)
-
-    def test_post_from_mediaid(self):
-        for post in instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).get_posts():
-            post2 = instaloader.Post.from_mediaid(self.L.context, post.mediaid)
-            self.assertEqual(post, post2)
-            break
-
-    def test_public_profile_tagged_paging(self):
-        for post in islice(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).get_tagged_posts(),
-                           PAGING_MAX_COUNT):
-            print(post)
-
-    def test_public_profile_igtv(self):
-        for post in islice(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE_WITH_IGTV).get_igtv_posts(),
-                           PAGING_MAX_COUNT):
-            print(post)
-
-
-class TestInstaloaderLoggedIn(TestInstaloaderAnonymously):
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
-        self.L.load_session_from_file(OWN_USERNAME)
-
-    @unittest.skip('')
-    def test_stories_download(self):
-        self.L.download_stories()
-
-    @unittest.skip('')
-    def test_private_profile_download(self):
-        self.L.download_profiles({self.L.check_profile_id(PRIVATE_PROFILE)}, stories=True, raise_errors=True)
-
-    def test_stories_paging(self):
-        for user_story in self.L.get_stories():
-            print("profile {}.".format(user_story.owner_username))
-            for item in user_story.get_items():
-                print(item)
-
-    def test_highlights_paging(self):
-        for user_highlight in self.L.get_highlights(PROFILE_WITH_HIGHLIGHTS):
-            print("Retrieving {} highlights \"{}\" from profile {}".format(user_highlight.itemcount,
-                                                                           user_highlight.title,
-                                                                           user_highlight.owner_username))
-            for item in user_highlight.get_items():
-                print(item)
-
-    def test_private_profile_paging(self):
-        self.post_paging_test(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PRIVATE_PROFILE).get_posts())
-
-    def test_feed_download(self):
-        self.L.download_feed_posts(NORMAL_MAX_COUNT)
-
-    def test_feed_paging(self):
-        for count, post in enumerate(self.L.get_feed_posts()):
-            print(post)
-            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
-                break
-
-    def test_saved_download(self):
-        self.L.download_saved_posts(NORMAL_MAX_COUNT)
-
-    def test_saved_paging(self):
-        for count, post in enumerate(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME).get_saved_posts()):
-            print(post)
-            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
-                break
-
-    def test_test_login(self):
-        self.assertEqual(OWN_USERNAME, self.L.test_login())
-
-    def test_followees_and_stories(self):
-        profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME)
-        followees = set(islice(profile.get_followees(), PAGING_MAX_COUNT))
-        self.L.download_profiles(followees, profile_pic=False, stories=True, posts=False, raise_errors=True)
-
-    def test_get_followees(self):
-        profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME)
-        for f in profile.get_followees():
-            print(f.username)
-
-    def test_get_followers(self):
-        profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME)
-        for f in profile.get_followers():
-            print(f.username)
-
-    def test_get_similar_accounts(self):
-        profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME)
-        for f in profile.get_similar_accounts():
-            print(f.username)
-
-    def test_get_likes(self):
-        for post in instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME).get_posts():
-            for like in post.get_likes():
-                print(like.username)
-            break
-
-    def test_explore_paging(self):
-        for count, post in enumerate(self.L.get_explore_posts()):
-            print(post)
-            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
-                break
-
-    def test_location_download(self):
-        self.L.download_location(LOCATION, NORMAL_MAX_COUNT)
-
-    def test_location_paging(self):
-        for count, post in enumerate(self.L.get_location_posts(LOCATION)):
-            print(post)
-            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
-                break
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()