Release of version 4.0.6

If using --stories or --stories-only the stories got donwloaded along
with the profiles one by one. Now, the stories get downloaded in a
similar aproach like when using the :stories target, i.e.
download_stories() gets only called once.
Profile.has_highlight_reels is broken and now always returns true.
This fixes #153.

.travis.yml

@@ -4,17 +4,26 @@ python:
  - "3.5-dev"
  - "3.6"
  - "3.6-dev"
- - "3.7-dev"
- - "nightly"
 install:
  - pip install pylint requests
+ - pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
 script:
- - python3 -m pylint -r n -d bad-whitespace,missing-docstring,too-many-arguments,locally-disabled,line-too-long,too-many-public-methods,too-many-lines,too-many-instance-attributes,too-many-locals,too-many-branches,too-many-statements instaloader
+ - python3 -m pylint -r n -d bad-whitespace,missing-docstring,too-many-arguments,locally-disabled,line-too-long,too-many-public-methods,too-many-lines,too-many-instance-attributes,too-many-locals,too-many-branches,too-many-statements,inconsistent-return-statements,invalid-name,wildcard-import,unused-wildcard-import,no-else-return instaloader
+ - make -C docs html SPHINXOPTS="-W -n"
 deploy:
-  provider: pypi
-  user: aandergr
-  on:
-    tags: true
-    python: 3.6
-  password:
-    secure: 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
+  - provider: pypi
+    user: aandergr
+    on:
+      tags: true
+      python: 3.6
+    password:
+      secure: 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
+  - provider: pages
+    skip-cleanup: true
+    github-token: $GITHUB_TOKEN
+    local-dir: docs/_build/html
+    repo: instaloader/instaloader.github.io
+    target-branch: master
+    on:
+      branch: master
+      python: 3.6

AUTHORS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Authors
+=======
+
+Instaloader is written by
+
+- Alexander Graf (@aandergr)
+- André Koch-Kramer (@Thammus)
+- Lars Lindqvist (@e5150)

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2016 Alexander Graf and André Koch-Kramer.
+Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Alexander Graf and André Koch-Kramer.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

README.rst

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-Instaloader
-===========
+.. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/instaloader/instaloader/master/docs/logo_heading.png
 
 ::
 
@@ -9,8 +8,8 @@ Instaloader
 
 **Instaloader**
 
-- downloads **public and private profiles, hashtags, user stories and
-  feeds**,
+- downloads **public and private profiles, hashtags, user stories,
+  feeds and saved media**,
 
 - downloads **comments, geotags and captions** of each post,
 
@@ -20,7 +19,13 @@ Instaloader
 - allows **fine-grained customization** of filters and where to store
   downloaded media.
 
-`Instaloader Documentation <https://instaloader.readthedocs.io/>`__
+::
+
+    instaloader [--comments] [--geotags] [--stories]
+                [--login YOUR-USERNAME] [--fast-update]
+                profile | "#hashtag" | :stories | :feed | :saved
+
+`Instaloader Documentation <https://instaloader.github.io/>`__
 
 
 How to Automatically Download Pictures from Instagram
@@ -59,7 +64,7 @@ temporary directory, which will be reused later the next time ``--login``
 is given.  So you can download private profiles **non-interactively** when you
 already have a valid session cookie file.
 
-`Instaloader Documentation <https://instaloader.readthedocs.io/basic-usage.html>`__
+`Instaloader Documentation <https://instaloader.github.io/basic-usage.html>`__
 
 
 Disclaimer
@@ -70,6 +75,33 @@ Disclaimer
 Instaloader is in no way affiliated with, authorized, maintained or endorsed by Instagram or any of its affiliates or
 subsidiaries. This is an independent and unofficial project. Use at your own risk.
 
+Instaloader is licensed under an MIT license. Refer to ``LICENSE`` file for more information.
+
 .. disclaimer-end
 
-Instaloader is licensed under an MIT license. Refer to ``LICENSE`` file for more information.
+Contributing
+------------
+
+As an open source project, Instaloader heavily depends on the contributions from
+its community. See
+`contributing <https://instaloader.github.io/contributing.html>`__
+for how you may help Instaloader to become an even greater tool.
+
+It is a pleasure for us to share our Instaloader to the world, and we are proud
+to have attracted such an active and motivating community, with so many users
+who share their suggestions and ideas with us. Buying a community-sponsored beer
+or coffee from time to time is very likely to further raise our passion for the
+development of Instaloader.
+
+| For Donations, we provide a PayPal.Me link and a Bitcoin address.
+|  PayPal: `PayPal.me/aandergr <https://www.paypal.me/aandergr>`__
+|  BTC: 1Nst4LoadeYzrKjJ1DX9CpbLXBYE9RKLwY
+
+For a direct and personal communication within Instaloader's community, we have
+an IRC channel
+
+**#instaloader** on **Freenode**.
+
+Freenode provides a `Web IRC Client
+<https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=instaloader>`__, allowing to join our
+channel without having an IRC client installed.

docs/Makefile

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ clean:
 
 .PHONY: html
 html:
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
+	LC_ALL=C $(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html."
 
@@ -223,3 +223,9 @@ dummy:
 	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b dummy $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dummy
 	@echo
 	@echo "Build finished. Dummy builder generates no files."
+
+favicon.ico: logo.svg
+	convert -density 384 -background transparent -define icon:auto-resize -colors 256 logo.svg favicon.ico
+
+logo.png: logo.svg
+	inkscape -z -e logo.png -w 100 -h 100 logo.svg

docs/README.md

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 This directory contains sources for the Instaloader documentation.
 
 The documentation is hosted at:
-https://instaloader.readthedocs.io/
+https://instaloader.github.io/
 
 ## Build
 
 The documentation is created with [Sphinx](http://www.sphinx-doc.org/). To build it, use
 
 ```
-pip3 install sphinx sphinx-autodoc-typehints
+pip3 install -r requirements.txt
 make html
 ```

docs/_static/style.css

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+code {
+    color: #222;
+    background-color: #f5f5f5;
+}
+
+dd {
+    padding-left: 8px;
+}
+
+dl.option dd {
+    padding-left: 12px;
+}
+
+a {
+    color: #008d06;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+    color: #f48400;
+}

docs/_templates/caption.html

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<h2>Instaloader</h2>

docs/_templates/globaltoc.html

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+<li class="dropdown globaltoc-container">
+  <a role="button"
+     id="dLabelGlobalToc"
+     data-toggle="dropdown"
+     data-target="#"
+     href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">{{ theme_navbar_site_name }} <b class="caret"></b></a>
+  <ul class="dropdown-menu globaltoc"
+      role="menu"
+      aria-labelledby="dLabelGlobalToc">
+    {{ toctree(maxdepth=theme_globaltoc_depth|toint, collapse=False, includehidden=theme_globaltoc_includehidden|tobool) }}
+    <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
+    <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="genindex.html">Index</a></li>
+  </ul>
+</li>

docs/_templates/layout.html

@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
 {% extends "!layout.html" %}
+{% block htmltitle %}
+  {% if pagename == "index" %}
+  <title>{{ title|striptags|e }}</title>
+  {% else %}
+  <title>{{ title|striptags|e }}{{ titlesuffix }}</title>
+  {% endif %}
+{% endblock %}
 {% block extrahead %}
-<script async defer src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script>
+{{ super() }}
+  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="FNUsDdkOJM9obm9QEdrNBVd9AtAzHzA-aaSMCUrS6C8" />
+  {% if pagename == "index" %}
+  <link rel="canonical" href="https://instaloader.github.io/" />
+  {% else %}
+  <link rel="canonical" href="https://instaloader.github.io/{{ pagename }}.html" />
+  {% endif %}
+  <script async defer src="https://buttons.github.io/buttons.js"></script>
 {% endblock %}

docs/_templates/links.html

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-{% if next %}
-<h3>Next</h3>
-<ul>
-  <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="{{ next.link|e }}">{{ next.title }}</a></li>
-</ul>
-{% endif %}
-<h3>Links</h3>
-<ul>
-  <li><a href="https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader/releases">Version History</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/instaloader">Instaloader on PyPI</a></li>
-  <li><a href="https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader">Instaloader on GitHub</a></li>
-</ul>
-<ul>
-  <li>
-    <a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/Thammus/Instaloader" data-icon="octicon-star" data-size="large" data-show-count="true" aria-label="Star Thammus/Instaloader on GitHub">Star</a>
-  </li>
-</ul>

docs/_templates/navbar.html

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+  <div id="navbar" class="{{ theme_navbar_class }} navbar-default {% if theme_navbar_fixed_top|tobool -%} navbar-fixed-top{%- endif -%}">
+    <div class="container">
+      <div class="navbar-header">
+        <!-- .btn-navbar is used as the toggle for collapsed navbar content -->
+        <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
+          <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+          <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+          <span class="icon-bar"></span>
+        </button>
+        <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ pathto(master_doc) }}">
+          {%- block sidebarlogo %}
+            {%- if logo %}<span><img src="{{ pathto('_static/' + logo, 1) }}"></span>{%- endif %}
+          {%- endblock %}
+          {% if theme_navbar_title -%}{{ theme_navbar_title|e }}{%- else -%}{{ project|e }}{%- endif -%}
+        </a>
+        <span class="navbar-text navbar-version pull-left">
+          <a href="https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/releases/tag/v{{current_release}}" title="Released on {{current_release_date}}">v<b>{{current_release}}</b></a>
+        </span>
+      </div>
+
+        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse nav-collapse">
+          <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
+            {% if theme_navbar_links %}
+              {%- for link in theme_navbar_links %}
+                <li><a href="{{ pathto(*link[1:]) }}">{{ link[0] }}</a></li>
+              {%- endfor %}
+            {% endif %}
+            {% block navbartoc %}
+              {% include "globaltoc.html" %}
+              {% if theme_navbar_pagenav and pagename not in ("index", "genindex", "installation") %}
+                {% include "navbartoc.html" %}
+              {% endif %}
+            {% endblock %}
+            {% if theme_navbar_sidebarrel %}
+              {% block sidebarrel %}
+                {% include "relations.html" %}
+              {% endblock %}
+            {% endif %}
+            </ul>
+            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
+              <li class="dropdown">
+                <a role="button" id="dLabelUsefulLinks" data-toggle="dropdown" data-target="#" href="#">
+                  Useful Links
+                  <b class="caret"></b>
+                </a>
+                <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabelUsefulLinks">
+                  <li><a href="https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues">Issue Tracker</a></li>
+                  <li><a href="https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/releases">Version History</a></li>
+                  <li><a href="https://pypi.org/project/instaloader/">Instaloader on PyPI</a></li>
+                  <li><a href="https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader">Instaloader on GitHub</a></li>
+                  <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
+                  <li style="padding-left: 20px;"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader" data-icon="octicon-star" data-size="large" data-show-count="true" aria-label="Star Instaloader on GitHub">Star</a></li>
+                  <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
+                  <li><a href="https://www.paypal.me/aandergr"><b>Donate (via Paypal)</b></a></li>
+                </ul>
+              </li>
+            </ul>
+        </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>

docs/_templates/page.html

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{% extends "!page.html" %}
+{% block body %}
+{{ super() }}
+{% if next and prev %}
+<h2>Next Section</h2>
+<p>
+  <a class="reference internal" href="{{ next.link|e }}">{{ next.title }}</a>
+</p>
+{% endif %}
+{% endblock %}

docs/as-module.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+.. meta::
+   :description:
+      Documentation of Instaloader module, a powerful and intuitive
+      Python library to download Instagram media and metadata.
+
+.. _python-module-instaloader:
+
 Python Module :mod:`instaloader`
 --------------------------------
 
@@ -5,68 +12,93 @@ Python Module :mod:`instaloader`
 
 .. highlight:: python
 
-You may also use parts of Instaloader as library to do other interesting
-things.
+.. contents::
+  :backlinks: none
 
-For example, to get a list of all followees and a list of all followers of a profile, do
+Instaloader exposes its internally used methods and structures as a Python
+module, making it a **powerful and intuitive Python API for Instagram**,
+allowing to further customize obtaining media and metadata.
 
-.. code:: python
+Start with getting an instance of :class:`Instaloader`::
 
     import instaloader
 
     # Get instance
-    loader = instaloader.Instaloader()
+    L = instaloader.Instaloader()
 
-    # Login
-    loader.interactive_login(USERNAME)
+    # Optionally, login or load session
+    L.login(USER, PASSWORD)        # (login)
+    L.interactive_login(USER)      # (ask password on terminal)
+    L.load_session_from_file(USER) # (load session created w/
+                                   #  `instaloader -l USERNAME`)
 
-    # Print followees
-    print(PROFILE + " follows these profiles:")
-    for f in loader.get_followees(PROFILE):
-        print("\t%s\t%s" % (f['username'], f['full_name']))
+:mod:`instaloader` provides the :class:`Post` structure, which represents a
+picture, video or sidecar (set of multiple pictures/videos) posted in a user's
+profile. :class:`Instaloader` provides methods to iterate over Posts from a
+certain source::
 
-    # Print followers
-    print("Followers of " + PROFILE + ":")
-    for f in loader.get_followers(PROFILE):
-        print("\t%s\t%s" % (f['username'], f['full_name']))
-
-Then, you may download all pictures of all followees with
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    for f in loader.get_followees(PROFILE):
-        loader.download_profile(f['username'])
-
-You could also download your last 20 liked pics with
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    loader.download_feed_posts(max_count=20, fast_update=True,
-                               filter_func=lambda post: post.viewer_has_liked)
-
-To download the last 20 pictures with hashtag #cat, do
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    loader.download_hashtag('cat', max_count=20)
-
-Generally, :class:`Instaloader` provides methods to iterate over the Posts from
-a certain source.
-
-.. code:: python
-
-    for post in loader.get_hashtag_posts('cat'):
+    for post in L.get_hashtag_posts('cat'):
         # post is an instance of instaloader.Post
-        loader.download_post(post, target='#cat')
+        L.download_post(post, target='#cat')
 
-Each Instagram profile has its own unique ID which stays unmodified even
-if a user changes his/her username. To get said ID, given the profile's
-name, you may call
+:class:`Post` instances can be created with:
 
-.. code:: python
+- :func:`Post.from_shortcode`
+   Use a Post shortcode (part of the Post URL,
+   ``https://www.instagram.com/p/SHORTCODE/``) to create a Post
+   object::
 
-    loader.get_id_by_username(PROFILE_NAME)
+      post = Post.from_shortcode(L.context, SHORTCODE)
 
+- :meth:`Profile.get_posts`
+   All media of a :class:`Profile`.
+
+- :meth:`Profile.get_saved_posts`
+   Media that the user marked as saved (:class:`Profile` must be own profile
+   for this to work)
+
+- :meth:`Instaloader.get_feed_posts`
+   Media in the user's feed.
+
+- :meth:`Instaloader.get_explore_posts`
+   Media that is suggested by Instagram to explore.
+
+- :meth:`Instaloader.get_hashtag_posts`
+   Media associated with given hashtag.
+
+With the :class:`Profile` class, Instaloader also makes it easy to access
+metadata of a Profile. :class:`Profile` instances can be created with:
+
+- :meth:`Profile.from_username`::
+
+     profile = Profile.from_username(L.context, USERNAME)
+
+- :meth:`Profile.from_id`
+   given its User ID. This allows to easily lookup a Profile's username given
+   its ID::
+
+      Profile.from_id(L.context, USERID).username
+
+- :meth:`Profile.get_followees`
+   Profiles that are followed by given user.
+
+- :meth:`Profile.get_followers`
+   Profiles that follow given user.
+
+- :attr:`Post.owner_profile`, :attr:`Story.owner_profile` and :attr:`StoryItem.owner_profile`
+   Owner profile of particular object.
+
+- :meth:`Post.get_likes`
+   Profiles that liked a given :class:`Post`
+
+- :attr:`PostComment.owner` attribute for comment in :meth:`Post.get_comments`
+   Profile of a Post comment.
+
+A reference of the many methods provided by the :mod:`instaloader` module is
+provided in the remainder of this document.
+
+For a list of real code examples using the Instaloader module for advanced
+tasks, see :ref:`codesnippets`.
 
 ``Instaloader`` (Main Class)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -74,29 +106,69 @@ name, you may call
 .. autoclass:: Instaloader
    :no-show-inheritance:
 
-``Post`` Class
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Instagram Structures
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Posts
+"""""
 
 .. autoclass:: Post
    :no-show-inheritance:
 
-Miscellaneous Functions
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+Additionally, the following trivial structures are defined:
 
-.. autofunction:: shortcode_to_mediaid
+.. autoclass:: PostSidecarNode
+   :no-show-inheritance:
 
-.. autofunction:: mediaid_to_shortcode
+.. autoclass:: PostComment
+   :no-show-inheritance:
 
-.. autoclass:: Tristate
+.. autoclass:: PostLocation
+   :no-show-inheritance:
+
+User Stories
+""""""""""""
+
+.. autoclass:: Story
+   :no-show-inheritance:
+
+.. autoclass:: StoryItem
+   :no-show-inheritance:
+
+Profiles
+""""""""
+
+.. autoclass:: Profile
+   :no-show-inheritance:
+
+Loading and Saving
+""""""""""""""""""
+
+:class:`Post`, :class:`StoryItem` and :class:`Profile` can be saved and loaded
+to/from JSON files.
+
+.. autofunction:: load_structure_from_file
+
+.. autofunction:: save_structure_to_file
 
 Exceptions
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 
+.. currentmodule:: instaloader.exceptions
+
 .. autoexception:: InstaloaderException
    :no-show-inheritance:
 
+.. autoexception:: ConnectionException
+
+.. currentmodule:: instaloader
+
+.. autoexception:: QueryReturnedBadRequestException
+
 .. autoexception:: QueryReturnedNotFoundException
 
+.. autoexception:: QueryReturnedForbiddenException
+
 .. autoexception:: ProfileNotExistsException
 
 .. autoexception:: ProfileHasNoPicsException
@@ -111,4 +183,10 @@ Exceptions
 
 .. autoexception:: BadCredentialsException
 
-.. autoexception:: ConnectionException
+.. autoexception:: TooManyRequestsException
+
+``InstaloaderContext`` (Low-level functions)
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. autoclass:: InstaloaderContext
+   :no-show-inheritance:

docs/basic-usage.rst

@@ -1,8 +1,20 @@
+.. meta::
+   :description:
+      How to download pictures from Instagram. Description of basic
+      usage of Instaloader, free tool to download photos from public
+      and private profiles, hashtags, stories, feeds, saved media, and
+      their metadata, comments and captions.
+
+.. _download-pictures-from-instagram:
+
 Download Pictures from Instagram
 ---------------------------------
 
 .. highlight:: none
 
+Here we describe how to use Instaloader to download pictures from Instagram. If
+you do not have Instaloader installed yet, see :ref:`install`.
+
 .. NOTE that Section "Basic Usage" is duplicated in README.rst.
 
 Basic Usage
@@ -25,7 +37,9 @@ To later **update your local copy** of that profiles, you may run
     instaloader --fast-update profile [profile ...]
 
 If :option:`--fast-update` is given, Instaloader stops when arriving at the
-first already-downloaded picture. When updating profiles, Instaloader
+first already-downloaded picture.
+
+When updating profiles, Instaloader
 automatically **detects profile name changes** and renames the target directory
 accordingly.
 
@@ -48,35 +62,40 @@ What to Download
 
 Instaloader supports the following targets:
 
-``profile``
+- ``profile``
    Public profile, or private profile with :option:`--login`. For each profile
    you download, :option:`--stories` instructs Instaloader to also
    **download the user's stories**.
 
-``"#hashtag"``
-   Posts with a certain **hashtag** (the quotes are usually neccessary),
+- ``"#hashtag"``
+   Posts with a certain **hashtag** (the quotes are usually necessary),
 
-``:stories``
+- ``:stories``
    The currently-visible **stories** of your followees (requires
    :option:`--login`),
 
-``:feed``
+- ``:feed``
    Your **feed** (requires :option:`--login`),
 
-``@profile``
+- ``:saved``
+   Posts which are marked as **saved** (requires :option:`--login`),
+
+- ``@profile``
    All profiles that are followed by ``profile``, i.e. the *followees* of
    ``profile`` (requires :option:`--login`).
 
 Instaloader goes through all media matching the specified targets and
 downloads the pictures and videos and their captions. You can specify
 
-- :option:`--comments`, to also **download comments** of each post,
+- :option:`--comments`
+   also **download comments** of each post,
 
-- :option:`--geotags`, to **download geotags** of each post and save them as
-  Google Maps link,
+- :option:`--geotags`
+   **download geotags** of each post and save them as
+   Google Maps link,
 
-- :option:`--metadata-json`, to store further post metadata in a separate JSON
-  file.
+For a reference of all supported command line options, see
+:ref:`command-line-options`.
 
 .. _filename-specification:
 
@@ -93,60 +112,167 @@ pattern, the token ``{target}`` is replaced by the target name, and
 ``{profile}`` is replaced by the owner of the post which is downloaded.
 
 :option:`--filename-pattern` configures the path of the post's files relative
-to the target directory. The default is ``--filename-pattern={date}``.
+to the target directory that is specified with :option:`--dirname-pattern`.
+The default is ``--filename-pattern={date_utc}_UTC``.
 The tokens ``{target}`` and ``{profile}`` are replaced like in the
-dirname pattern. Further, the tokens ``{date}`` and ``{shortcode}`` are
-defined. Additionally, in case of not downloading stories, the attributes of
-:class:`.Post` can be used, e.g. ``{post.owner_id}`` or ``{post.mediaid}``.
+dirname pattern. The following tokens are defined for usage with
+:option:`--filename-pattern`:
 
-For example, encode the poster's profile name in the filenames with:
+- ``{target}``
+   Target name (as given in Instaloader command line)
 
-::
+- ``{profile}`` (same as ``{owner_username}``)
+   Owner of the Post / StoryItem.
 
-    instaloader --filename-pattern={date}_{profile} "#hashtag"
+- ``{owner_id}``
+   Unique integer ID of owner profile.
 
-The pattern string is formatted with Python's string formatter. This
-gives additional flexibilty for pattern specification. For example,
-`strftime-style formatting options <https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior>`__
-are supported for the post's
-timestamp. The default for ``{date}`` is ``{date:%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S}``.
+- ``{shortcode}``
+   Shortcode (identifier string).
+
+- ``{mediaid}``
+   Integer representation of shortcode.
+
+- ``{date_utc}`` (same as ``{date}``)
+   Creation time in UTC timezone.
+   `strftime()-style formatting options <https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior>`__
+   are supported as format specifier. The default date format specifier used by
+   Instaloader is::
+
+      {date_utc:%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S}
+
+For example, encode the poster's profile name in the filenames with::
+
+    instaloader --filename-pattern={date_utc}_UTC_{profile} "#hashtag"
+
+As another example, you may instruct Instaloader to store posts in a
+``PROFILE/YEAR/SHORTCODE.jpg`` directory structure::
+
+    instaloader --dirname-pattern={profile} --filename-pattern={date_utc:%Y}/{shortcode} <target> ...
 
 .. _filter-posts:
 
 Filter Posts
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-The :option:`--only-if` option allows to specify criterias that posts have to
-meet to be downloaded. If not given, all posts are downloaded. It must be a
-boolean Python expression where the variables :attr:`.likes`, :attr:`.comments`,
-:attr:`.viewer_has_liked`, :attr:`.is_video`, and many more are defined.
+.. py:currentmodule:: instaloader
 
-A few examples:
+The options :option:`--post-filter` and :option:`--storyitem-filter`
+allows to specify criteria that posts or story items have to
+meet to be downloaded. If not given, all posts are downloaded.
 
-To **download the pictures from your feed that you have liked**:
+The filter string must be a
+`Python boolean expression <https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#boolean-operations>`__
+where the attributes from :class:`Post` or
+:class:`StoryItem` respectively are defined.
 
-::
+Id est, the following attributes can be used with both
+:option:`--post-filter` and :option:`--storyitem-filter`:
 
-    instaloader --login=your_username --only-if=viewer_has_liked :feed
+- :attr:`~Post.is_video` (bool)
+   Post/StoryItem is a video. For example, you may skip videos::
 
-Or you might only want to download **posts that either you liked or were
-liked by many others**:
+      instaloader --post-filter="not is_video" target
 
-::
+- :attr:`~Post.owner_username` (str), :attr:`~Post.owner_id` (int)
+   Owner profile username / userid.
 
-    instaloader --login=your_username --only-if="likes>100 or viewer_has_liked" profile
+- :attr:`~Post.date_utc` (datetime), :attr:`~Post.date_local` (datetime)
+   Creation timestamp. Since :class:`~datetime.datetime` objects can be created
+   inside filter strings, this easily allows filtering by creation date. E.g.::
 
-Or you may **skip videos**:
+      instaloader --post-filter="date_utc <= datetime(2018, 5, 31)" target
 
-::
+As :option:`--post-filter`, the following attributes can be used additionally:
 
-    instaloader --only-if="not is_video" target
+- :attr:`~Post.viewer_has_liked` (bool)
+   Whether user (with :option:`--login`) has liked given post. To download the
+   pictures from your feed that you have liked::
 
-Or you may filter by hashtags that occur in the Post's caption. For
-example, to download posts of kittens that are cute: ::
+      instaloader --login=your_username --post-filter=viewer_has_liked :feed
 
-    instaloader --only-if="'cute' in caption_hashtags" "#kitten"
+- :attr:`~Post.likes` (int), :attr:`~Post.comments` (int)
+   Likes count / Comments count. You might only want to download posts that
+   either you liked or were liked by many others**::
 
-The given string is evaluated as a
-`Python boolean expression <https://docs.python.org/3/reference/expressions.html#boolean-operations>`__,
-where all occuring variables are attributes of the :class:`.Post` class.
+      instaloader --login=your_username --post-filter="likes>100 or viewer_has_liked" profile
+
+- :attr:`~Post.caption_hashtags` (list of str) / :attr:`~Post.caption_mentions` (list of str)
+   ``#hashtags`` or ``@mentions`` (lowercased) in the Post's caption. For example, to
+   download posts of kittens that are cute::
+
+       instaloader --post-filter="'cute' in caption_hashtags" "#kitten"
+
+- :attr:`~Post.tagged_users` (list of str)
+   Lowercased usernames that are tagged in the Post.
+
+For :option:`--storyitem-filter`, the following additional attributes are
+defined:
+
+- :attr:`~StoryItem.expiring_utc` (datetime) / :attr:`~StoryItem.expiring_local` (datetime)
+   Timestamp when StoryItem will get unavailable.
+
+.. _metadata-text-files:
+
+Metadata Text Files
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Unless :option:`--no-captions` is given, Instaloader creates a ``.txt`` file
+along with each post where the Post's caption is saved.
+
+You can customize what metadata to save for each Post or StoryItem with
+:option:`--post-metadata-txt` and :option:`--storyitem-metadata-txt`. The
+default is ``--post-metadata-txt={caption}`` and no storyitem metadata txt.
+These strings are formatted similar as in the :ref:`filename-specification` and
+the result is saved in text files, unless it is empty.
+
+Specifying these options multiple times results in output having multiple lines,
+in the order they were given to Instaloader.
+
+The field names are evaluated to :class:`Post` or :class:`StoryItem` attributes,
+and as such, the same fields are supported as in :ref:`filename-specification`
+and :ref:`filter-posts`.
+
+For example, to save the current number of likes for each post, rather than
+the post's caption::
+
+   instaloader --post-metadata-txt="{likes} likes." <target>
+
+Note that with this feature, it is possible to easily and fastly extract
+additional metadata of already-downloaded posts, by reimporting their JSON
+files. Say, you now also want to export the number of comments the Posts had
+when they were downloaded::
+
+   instaloader --post-metadata-txt="{likes} likes, {comments} comments." <target>/*.json.xz
+
+.. _instaloader-as-cronjob:
+
+Instaloader as Cronjob
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Instaloader is suitable for running as a cronjob to periodically update your
+personal Instagram archive. The :option:`--quiet` option disables user
+interactions and logging of non-error messages. To non-interactively use
+Instaloader logged-in, create a session file, e.g. in your home directory::
+
+   instaloader --login=your_username --sessionfile=~/.instaloader-session
+
+Then use the same parameters in your cronjob to load the session and download
+the given targets::
+
+   instaloader --login=your_username --sessionfile=~/.instaloader-session --quiet <target> [...]
+
+Without :option:`--sessionfile` option, Instaloader saves the session file in
+a path within your temporary directory.
+
+Programming Instaloader
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+If your task cannot be done with the command line interface of Instaloader,
+consider taking a look at the :ref:`python-module-instaloader`.
+Instaloader exposes its internally used methods and structures, making it a
+powerful and intuitive Python API for Instagram, allowing to further customize
+obtaining media and metadata.
+
+Also see :ref:`codesnippets`, where we collect example scripts that use
+Instaloader to achieve more complex tasks.

docs/cli-options.rst

@@ -1,46 +1,56 @@
+.. _command-line-options:
+
 Command Line Options
 ====================
 
-The following flags can be given to Instaloader to specify how profiles should
-be downloaded.
+Instaloader is invoked with::
 
-To get a list of all flags, their abbreviations and their descriptions,
-run ``instaloader --help``.
+   $ instaloader [options] target [target ...]
+
+where ``target`` is a ``profile``, a ``"#hashtag"``, ``@profile`` (all profiles
+that *profile* is following), or if logged in ``:feed`` (pictures from your
+feed), ``:stories`` (stories of your followees) or ``:saved`` (collection of
+posts marked as saved).
+
+Here we explain the additional options that can be given to Instaloader to
+customize its behavior.  To get a list of all flags, their abbreviations and
+their descriptions, you may also run ``instaloader --help``.  For an
+introduction on how to use Instaloader, see
+:ref:`download-pictures-from-instagram`.
 
 What to Download
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-Specify a list of profiles or #hashtags. For each of these, Instaloader
-creates a folder and downloads all posts along with the pictures's
-captions and the current **profile picture**. If an already-downloaded profile
-has been renamed, Instaloader automatically **finds it by its unique ID** and
-renames the folder likewise.
+Specify a list of targets (profiles, #hashtags, ``:feed``, ``:stories`` or
+``:saved``). For each of these, Instaloader creates a folder and stores all
+posts along with the pictures's captions and the current **profile picture**
+there. If an already-downloaded profile has been renamed, Instaloader
+automatically **finds it by its unique ID** and renames the folder likewise.
 
-Instead of a *profile* or a *#hashtag*, the special targets
-``:feed`` (pictures from your feed) and
-``:stories`` (stories of your followees) can be specified.
-
-.. option:: --profile-pic-only
+.. option:: --profile-pic-only, -P
 
    Only download profile picture.
 
-.. option:: --no-videos
+.. option:: --no-profile-pic
+
+   Do not download profile picture.
+
+.. option:: --no-videos, -V
 
    Do not download videos.
 
-.. option:: --geotags
+.. option:: --no-video-thumbnails
+
+   Do not download thumbnails of videos.
+
+.. option:: --geotags, -G
 
    **Download geotags** when available. Geotags are stored as a text file with
    the location's name and a Google Maps link. This requires an additional
    request to the Instagram server for each picture, which is why it is disabled
    by default.
 
-.. option:: --no-geotags
-
-   Do not store geotags, even if they can be obtained without any additional
-   request.
-
-.. option:: --comments
+.. option:: --comments, -C
 
    Download and update comments for each post. This requires an additional
    request to the Instagram server for each post, which is why it is disabled by
@@ -48,34 +58,57 @@ Instead of a *profile* or a *#hashtag*, the special targets
 
 .. option:: --no-captions
 
-   Do not store media captions, although no additional request is needed to
-   obtain them.
+   Do not create txt files.
 
-.. option:: --stories
+.. option:: --post-metadata-txt
+
+   Template to write in txt file for each Post. See :ref:`metadata-text-files`.
+
+.. option:: --storyitem-metadata-txt
+
+   Template to write in txt file for each StoryItem. See
+   :ref:`metadata-text-files`.
+
+.. option:: --stories, -s
 
    Also **download stories** of each profile that is downloaded. Requires
    :option:`--login`.
 
-.. option:: --metadata-json
+.. option:: --no-metadata-json
 
-   Create a JSON file containing the metadata of each post. This does not
-   include comments (see :option:`--comments`) nor geotags (see
-   :option:`--geotags`). The JSON files contain the properties of
-   :class:`instaloader.Post`.
+   Do not create a JSON file containing the metadata of each post.
+
+.. option:: --no-compress-json
+
+   Do not xz compress JSON files, rather create pretty formatted JSONs.
 
 .. option:: --stories-only
 
    Rather than downloading regular posts of each specified profile, only
-   download stories.  Requires :option:`--login`.
+   download stories.  Requires :option:`--login`. Does not imply
+   :option:`--no-profile-pic`.
 
-.. option:: --only-if filter
+   .. note::
+
+      If possible, use ``:stories`` target rather than :option:`--stories-only`
+      with all your followees. ``:stories`` uses fewer API requests.
+
+.. option:: --post-filter filter, --only-if filter
 
    Expression that, if given, must evaluate to True for each post to be
    downloaded.  Must be a syntactically valid Python expression. Variables are
    evaluated to :class:`instaloader.Post` attributes.  Example:
-   ``--only-if=viewer_has_liked``. See :ref:`filter-posts` for more
+   ``--post-filter=viewer_has_liked``. See :ref:`filter-posts` for more
    examples.
 
+.. option:: --storyitem-filter filter
+
+   Expression that, if given, must evaluate to True for each storyitem to be
+   downloaded.  Must be a syntactically valid Python expression. Variables are
+   evaluated to :class:`instaloader.StoryItem` attributes.
+   See :ref:`filter-posts` for more examples.
+
+
 
 When to Stop Downloading
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
@@ -83,13 +116,13 @@ When to Stop Downloading
 If none of these options are given, Instaloader goes through all pictures
 matching the specified targets.
 
-.. option:: --fast-update
+.. option:: --fast-update, -F
 
    For each target, stop when encountering the first already-downloaded picture.
    This flag is recommended when you use Instaloader to update your personal
    Instagram archive.
 
-.. option:: --count COUNT
+.. option:: --count COUNT, -c
 
    Do not attempt to download more than COUNT posts.  Applies only to
    ``#hashtag`` and ``:feed``.
@@ -103,21 +136,25 @@ profiles. To login, pass the :option:`--login` option. Your session cookie (not
 password!) will be saved to a local file to be reused next time you want
 Instaloader to login.
 
-.. option:: --login YOUR-USERNAME
+.. option:: --login YOUR-USERNAME, -l YOUR-USERNAME
 
    Login name (profile name) for your Instagram account.
 
-.. option:: --sessionfile SESSIONFILE
+.. option:: --sessionfile SESSIONFILE, -f SESSIONFILE
 
    Path for loading and storing session key file.  Defaults to a path within
    your temporary directory, encoding your local username and your Instagram
    profile name.
 
-.. option:: --password YOUR-PASSWORD
+.. option:: --password YOUR-PASSWORD, -p YOUR-PASSWORD
 
    Password for your Instagram account.  Without this option, you'll be prompted
    for your password interactively if there is not yet a valid session file.
 
+   .. warning:: Using :option:`--password` option is discouraged for security
+      reasons.  Enter your password interactively when asked, or use the
+      sessionfile feature (:option:`--sessionfile` to customize path).
+
 How to Download
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -130,15 +167,11 @@ How to Download
 
 .. option:: --filename-pattern FILENAME_PATTERN
 
-   Prefix of filenames. Posts are stored in the directory whose pattern is given
-   with ``--dirname-pattern``.  ``{profile}`` is replaced by the profile name,
+   Prefix of filenames, relative to the directory given with
+   :option:`--dirname-pattern`. ``{profile}`` is replaced by the profile name,
    ``{target}`` is replaced by the target you specified, i.e.  either ``:feed``,
-   ``#hashtag`` or the profile name.  Also, the fields ``{date}`` and
-   ``{shortcode}`` can be specified.  In case of not downloading stories, the
-   attributes of the :class:`.Post` class can be used in addition, e.g.
-   ``{post.owner_id}`` or ``{post.mediaid}``.
-   Defaults to
-   ``{date:%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S}``.  See :ref:`filename-specification`.
+   ``#hashtag`` or the profile name. Defaults to ``{date_utc}_UTC``.
+   See :ref:`filename-specification` for a list of supported tokens.
 
 .. option:: --user-agent USER_AGENT
 
@@ -154,8 +187,8 @@ How to Download
 Miscellaneous Options
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-.. option:: --quiet
+.. option:: --quiet, -q
 
    Disable user interaction, i.e. do not print messages (except errors) and fail
-   if login credentials are needed but not given. This makes Instaloader
-   **suitable as a cron job**.
+   if login credentials are needed but not given.
+   This is handy for running :ref:`instaloader-as-cronjob`.

docs/codesnippets.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+.. _codesnippets:
+
+Advanced Instaloader Examples
+=============================
+
+.. currentmodule:: instaloader
+
+.. highlight:: python
+
+.. contents::
+   :backlinks: none
+
+Here we present code examples that use the :ref:`python-module-instaloader` for
+more advanced Instagram downloading or metadata mining than what is possible
+with the Instaloader command line interface.
+
+.. For each code snippet:
+   - title
+   - brief description of what it does / motivation / how it works
+   - code, or link to code
+   - link to discussion issue
+   - link used methods
+
+Download Posts in a Specific Period
+-----------------------------------
+
+To only download Instagram pictures (and metadata) that are within a specific
+period, you can play around with :func:`~itertools.dropwhile` and
+:func:`~itertools.takewhile` from :mod:`itertools` like in this snippet.
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/121_since_until.py
+
+See also :class:`Post`, :meth:`Instaloader.download_post`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`121`.
+
+Likes of a Profile / Ghost Followers
+------------------------------------
+
+To obtain a list of your inactive followers, i.e. followers that did not like
+any of your pictures, into a file you can use this approach.
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/120_ghost_followers.py
+
+See also :meth:`Profile.get_posts`, :meth:`Post.get_likes`,
+:meth:`Profile.get_followers`, :meth:`Instaloader.load_session_from_file`,
+:meth:`Profile.from_username`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`120`.
+
+Track Deleted Posts
+-------------------
+
+This script uses Instaloader to obtain a list of currently-online Instagram and
+compares it with the set of posts that you already have downloaded.  It outputs
+a list of posts which are online but not offline (i.e. not yet downloaded) and a
+list of posts which are offline but not online (i.e. deleted in the profile).
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/56_track_deleted.py
+
+See also :func:`load_structure_from_file`, :meth:`Profile.from_username`,
+:meth:`Profile.get_posts`, :class:`Post`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`56`.
+
+Only one Post per User
+----------------------
+
+To download only the one most recent post from each user, this snippet creates a
+:class:`set` that contains the users of which a post has already been
+downloaded. While iterating the posts, it checks whether the post's owner
+already is in the set. If not, the post is downloaded from Instagram and the
+user is added to that set.
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/113_only_one_per_user.py
+
+See also :class:`Post`, :meth:`Instaloader.download_post`,
+:attr:`Post.owner_profile`, :class:`Profile`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`113`.
+
+Upgrade Images by Local Copies
+------------------------------
+
+The following script finds local versions of images fetched by Instaloader, in
+order to upgrade the downloaded images by locally-found versions with better
+quality. It uses image hashing to identify similar images.
+
+`updgrade-instaloader-images.py <https://gist.github.com/pavelkryukov/15f93d19a99428a284a8bcec27e0187b>`__ (external link to GitHub Gist)
+
+Discussed in :issue:`46`.
+
+Add Captions to Images
+----------------------
+
+Instaloader does not modify the downloaded JPEG file. However, one could combine
+it with an imaging library such as Pillow or PIL to render the caption on
+Instagram pictures.  The following shows an approach.
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/110_pil_captions.py
+
+See also :attr:`Post.caption`, :attr:`Post.url`, :meth:`Post.from_shortcode`,
+:func:`load_structure_from_file`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`110`.
+
+Metadata JSON Files
+-------------------
+
+The JSON files Instaloader saves along with each Post contain all the metadata
+that has been retrieved from Instagram while downloading the picture and
+associated required information.
+
+With `jq <https://stedolan.github.io/jq/>`__, a command-line JSON processor, the
+metadata can be easily post-processed. For example, Instaloader's JSON files can
+be pretty-formatted with:
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+   xzcat 2018-05-13_11-18-45_UTC.json.xz | jq .node
+
+However, Instaloader tries to do as few metadata requests as possible, so,
+depending on how Instaloader has been invoked, it may occur that these files do
+not contain the complete available metadata structure. Nevertheless, the file
+can be loaded into Instaloader with :func:`load_structure_from_file` and the
+required metadata then be accessed via the :class:`Post` or :class:`Profile`
+attributes, which trigger an Instagram request if that particular information is
+not present in the JSON file.

docs/codesnippets/110_pil_captions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from requests import get
+from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
+from instaloader import *
+
+L = Instaloader()
+
+# Load Post instance
+post = load_structure_from_file(L.context, '2017-10-01_18-53-03_UTC.json.xz')
+# or post = Post.from_shortcode(L.context, SHORTCODE)
+
+# Render caption
+image = Image.open(BytesIO(get(post.url).content))
+draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
+color = 'rgb(0, 0, 0)'  # black color
+draw.text((300,100), post.caption.encode('latin1', errors='ignore'), fill=color)
+
+# Save image
+image.save('test.jpg')

docs/codesnippets/113_only_one_per_user.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import instaloader
+
+L = instaloader.Instaloader()
+
+posts = L.get_hashtag_posts('milfgarden')
+
+users = set()
+
+for post in posts:
+    if not post.owner_profile in users:
+        L.download_post(post, '#milfgarden')
+        users.add(post.owner_profile)
+    else:
+        print("{} from {} skipped.".format(post, post.owner_profile))

docs/codesnippets/120_ghost_followers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import instaloader
+
+L = instaloader.Instaloader()
+
+USER = 'your_account'
+PROFILE = USER
+
+# Your preferred way of logging in:
+L.load_session_from_file(USER)
+
+profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(L.context, PROFILE)
+
+likes = set()
+print('Fetching likes of all posts of profile {}.'.format(profile.username))
+for post in profile.get_posts():
+    print(post)
+    likes = likes | set(post.get_likes())
+
+print('Fetching followers of profile {}.'.format(profile.username))
+followers = set(profile.get_followers())
+
+ghosts = followers - likes
+
+print('Storing ghosts into file.')
+with open('/YOUR PATH/inactive-users.txt', 'w') as f:
+    for ghost in ghosts:
+        print(ghost.username, file=f)

docs/codesnippets/121_since_until.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from itertools import dropwhile, takewhile
+
+import instaloader
+
+L = instaloader.Instaloader()
+
+posts = L.get_hashtag_posts('milfgarden')
+# or
+# posts = instaloader.Profile.from_username(L.context, PROFILE).get_posts()
+
+SINCE = datetime(2015, 5, 1)
+UNTIL = datetime(2015, 3, 1)
+
+for post in takewhile(lambda p: p.date > UNTIL, dropwhile(lambda p: p.date > SINCE, posts)):
+    print(post.date)
+    L.download_post(post, '#milfgarden')

docs/codesnippets/56_track_deleted.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from glob import glob
+from sys import argv
+from os import chdir
+
+from instaloader import Instaloader, Post, Profile, load_structure_from_file
+
+# Instaloader instantiation - you may pass additional arguments to the constructor here
+L = Instaloader()
+
+# If desired, load session previously saved with `instaloader -l USERNAME`:
+#L.load_session_from_file(USERNAME)
+
+try:
+    TARGET = argv[1]
+except IndexError:
+    raise SystemExit("Pass profile name as argument!")
+
+# Obtain set of posts that are on hard disk
+chdir(TARGET)
+offline_posts = set(filter(lambda s: isinstance(s, Post),
+                           (load_structure_from_file(L.context, file)
+                            for file in (glob('*.json.xz') + glob('*.json')))))
+
+# Obtain set of posts that are currently online
+post_iterator = Profile.from_username(L.context, TARGET).get_posts()
+online_posts = set(post_iterator)
+
+if online_posts - offline_posts:
+    print("Not yet downloaded posts:")
+    print(" ".join(str(p) for p in (online_posts - offline_posts)))
+
+if offline_posts - online_posts:
+    print("Deleted posts:")
+    print(" ".join(str(p) for p in (offline_posts - online_posts)))

docs/conf.py

@@ -18,9 +18,15 @@
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
 #
 import os
+import subprocess
 import sys
+
+import sphinx_bootstrap_theme
+
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))
 
+import docs.sphinx_autodoc_typehints as sphinx_autodoc_typehints
+
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
@@ -32,9 +38,9 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))
 # ones.
 extensions = [
     'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    'sphinx_autodoc_typehints',
     'sphinx.ext.githubpages',
-    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx'
+    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
+    'sphinx.ext.extlinks'
 ]
 
 autodoc_default_flags = ['show-inheritance', 'members', 'undoc-members']
@@ -44,6 +50,8 @@ autodoc_member_order = 'bysource'
 intersphinx_mapping = {'python': ('https://docs.python.org/3', None),
                        'requests': ('http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master', None)}
 
+extlinks = {'issue': ('https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues/%s', 'issue #')}
+
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
 templates_path = ['_templates']
 
@@ -132,16 +140,20 @@ todo_include_todos = False
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
 #
-html_theme = 'alabaster'
+html_theme = 'bootstrap'
+html_theme_path = sphinx_bootstrap_theme.get_html_theme_path()
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
 # further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
 # documentation.
 #
 html_theme_options = {
-    'show_powered_by': False,
-    'sidebar_width': '290px',
-    'page_width': '935px' }
+    'navbar_site_name': 'Site Contents',
+    'navbar_pagenav_name': 'Page Contents',
+    'navbar_pagenav': True,
+    'navbar_sidebarrel': True,
+    'nosidebar': True,
+     }
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
 # html_theme_path = []
@@ -158,13 +170,13 @@ html_theme_options = {
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
 # of the sidebar.
 #
-# html_logo = None
+html_logo = "logo.png"
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to use as a favicon of
 # the docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
 #
-# html_favicon = None
+html_favicon = "favicon.ico"
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
@@ -190,7 +202,8 @@ html_static_path = ['_static']
 
 # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
 #
-html_sidebars = {'**': ["caption.html", "globaltoc.html", "relations.html", "links.html"] }
+#html_sidebars = {'**': ["relations.html", "links.html"] }
+html_sidebars = {}
 
 # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
 # template names.
@@ -203,7 +216,7 @@ html_domain_indices = False
 
 # If false, no index is generated.
 #
-html_use_index = False
+html_use_index = True
 
 # If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
 #
@@ -352,3 +365,15 @@ texinfo_documents = [
 # If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
 #
 # texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
+
+
+current_release = subprocess.check_output(["git", "describe", "--abbrev=0"]).decode("ascii")[1:-1]
+current_release_date = subprocess.check_output(["git", "log", "-1", "--tags", "--format=%ad", "--date=format:%e %b %Y"]).decode("ascii")[:-1]
+
+html_context = {'current_release': current_release, 'current_release_date': current_release_date}
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_stylesheet("style.css")
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-signature', sphinx_autodoc_typehints.process_signature)
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', sphinx_autodoc_typehints.process_docstring)

docs/contributing.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+.. _contributing:
+
+Contributing to Instaloader
+===========================
+
+As an open source project, Instaloader heavily depends on the contributions from
+its community.  In this document, we advise on how you may help Instaloader to
+become an even greater tool.
+
+Instaloader's development is organized on 
+`GitHub <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader>`__, where Issues and Pull
+Requests are discussed.
+
+Reporting Bugs
+--------------
+
+If you encounter a bug, do not hesitate to report it in our
+`Issue Tracker <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues>`__. Since
+Instaloader is actively developed, the majority of bugs is fixed within only
+**3 days** after being reported. When reporting a problem, please keep the
+following in mind:
+
+- Ensure you **use the latest version** of Instaloader. The currently-installed
+  version can be found out with ``instaloader --version``.
+
+- Briefly **check whether the bug has already been reported**. If you find an
+  issue reporting the same bug you encountered, comment there rather than
+  opening a new issue. However, if unsure, please create a new issue.
+
+- State **how the bug can be reproduced**, i.e. how Instaloader was invoked
+  when the problem occurred (of course, you may anonymize profile names etc.).
+
+- Include all **error messages and tracebacks** in the report.
+
+- If not obvious, describe **which behavior you expected**
+  instead of what actually happened.
+
+- If you think an issue has been closed accidentally or inappropriately, feel
+  free to reopen it.
+
+Writing Code or Improving the Documentation
+-------------------------------------------
+
+Changes of the Instaloader source can be proposed as a
+`Pull Request <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/pulls>`__. There are only
+few things to consider:
+
+- Sometimes, the most current code is not in the ``master`` branch. Check that
+  you forked from the most recent branch.
+
+- We use `Pylint <https://www.pylint.org/>`__ for error and syntax checking of
+  the source. The file ``.travis.yml`` in the project's root directory
+  shows how it is invoked. Note that sometimes it might be better to disable a
+  warning rather than adapting the code to Pylint's desires.
+
+- The documentation source is located in the ``docs`` folder. The file
+  ``cli-options.rst`` is merely an RST-formatted copy of ``instaloader --help``
+  output, of which the source is in ``instaloader/__main__.py``.
+
+- Feel free to contact us, even if you "only" have Proof-of-Concepts or
+  not-fully integrated changes. They already might be an advance for the
+  project.
+
+Suggesting Features
+-------------------
+
+If you have an idea of how Instaloader should be enhanced, but do not want to
+implement the feature yourself, feel free to open a ticket in our 
+`Issue Tracker <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues>`__.
+Please consider the following:
+
+- Instaloader already has plenty of features. **Check the documentation**
+  beforehand to ensure your desired suggestion is not already implemented.
+
+- Briefly **ensure that your idea has not already been suggested**. If you find
+  an issue suggesting the same or a similar feature, share your thoughts in a
+  comment there, instead of opening a new issue.
+
+- If possible, provide us a **use case of the feature**: How could the user
+  invoke the new function? Which problem would it solve? If new information is
+  obtained, how would it be further processed?
+
+- **Be patient**. Naturally, bugs and pull requests have a higher priority than
+  feature suggestions. Keep in mind that this is a free software project, and
+  unfortunately we only have limited time to work on it.
+
+Donations
+---------
+
+.. donations-start
+
+It is a pleasure for us to share our Instaloader to the world, and we are proud
+to have attracted such an active and motivating community, with so many users
+who share their suggestions and ideas with us. Buying a community-sponsored beer
+or coffee from time to time is very likely to further raise our passion for the
+development of Instaloader.
+
+| For donations, we provide a PayPal.Me link and a Bitcoin address.
+|  `PayPal.me/aandergr <https://www.paypal.me/aandergr>`__
+|  BTC: 1Nst4LoadeYzrKjJ1DX9CpbLXBYE9RKLwY
+
+.. donations-end
+
+.. (Discussion in :issue:`130`)
+
+IRC Channel
+-----------
+
+.. ircchannel-start
+
+For a direct and personal communication within Instaloader's community, we have
+an IRC channel
+
+**#instaloader** on **Freenode**.
+
+Freenode provides a `Web IRC Client
+<https://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=instaloader>`__, allowing to join our
+channel without having an IRC client installed.
+
+.. ircchannel-end

docs/index.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,17 @@
+.. meta::
+   :description:
+      Free command line tool to download photos from Instagram.
+      Scrapes public and private profiles, hashtags, stories, feeds,
+      saved media, and their metadata, comments and captions.
+      Written in Python.
+
+.. title:: Instaloader — Download Instagram Photos and Metadata
+
 Instaloader
 ===========
 
+.. highlight:: none
+
 **Instaloader** is a tool to download pictures (or videos) along with
 their captions and other metadata from Instagram.
 
@@ -10,10 +21,12 @@ With `Python <https://www.python.org/>`__ installed, do::
 
     $ instaloader profile [profile ...]
 
+See :ref:`install` for more options on how to install Instaloader.
+
 **Instaloader**
 
-- downloads **public and private profiles, hashtags, user stories and
-  feeds**,
+- downloads **public and private profiles, hashtags, user stories,
+  feeds and saved media**,
 
 - downloads **comments, geotags and captions** of each post,
 
@@ -23,12 +36,21 @@ With `Python <https://www.python.org/>`__ installed, do::
 - allows **fine-grained customization** of filters and where to store
   downloaded media,
 
-- is free `open source <https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader>`__
+- is free `open source <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader>`__
   software written in Python.
 
+::
 
-Table of Contents
------------------
+    instaloader [--comments] [--geotags] [--stories]
+                [--login YOUR-USERNAME] [--fast-update]
+                profile | "#hashtag" |
+                :stories | :feed | :saved
+
+See :ref:`download-pictures-from-instagram` for a detailed introduction on how
+to use Instaloader to download pictures from Instagram.
+
+Instaloader Documentation
+-------------------------
 
 .. toctree::
    :maxdepth: 2
@@ -37,19 +59,38 @@ Table of Contents
    basic-usage
    cli-options
    as-module
+   codesnippets
+   contributing
 
 Useful Links
 ------------
 
-- `Git Repository (on GitHub) <https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader>`__
-- `PyPI Project Page <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/instaloader>`__
-- `Issue Tracker / Bug Tracker <https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader/issues>`__
-- `Version History <https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader/releases>`__
+- `Git Repository (on GitHub) <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader>`__
+- `PyPI Project Page <https://pypi.org/project/instaloader/>`__
+- `Issue Tracker / Bug Tracker <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues>`__
+- `Version History <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/releases>`__
+
+Disclaimer
+----------
 
 .. include:: ../README.rst
    :start-after: disclaimer-start
    :end-before: disclaimer-end
 
+Contributing
+------------
+
+As an open source project, Instaloader heavily depends on the contributions from
+its community. See :ref:`contributing` for how you may help Instaloader to
+become an even greater tool.
+
+.. include:: contributing.rst
+   :start-after: donations-start
+   :end-before: donations-end
+
+.. include:: contributing.rst
+   :start-after: ircchannel-start
+   :end-before: ircchannel-end
 
 ..
    * :ref:`genindex`

docs/installation.rst

@@ -1,30 +1,39 @@
-Installation
-============
+.. _install:
+
+Install Instaloader
+===================
 
 .. highlight:: none
 
-Instaloader requires `Python <https://www.python.org/>`__, at least
-version 3.5.  If you have `pip <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>`__
-installed, you may install Instaloader using
+**To install Instaloader**,
 
-::
+#. Ensure that you have `Python <https://www.python.org/>`__, at least
+   version 3.5 and `pip <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip>`__
+   installed
 
-    pip3 install instaloader
+#. Then, install Instaloader using::
 
-Alternatively, to get the most current version of Instaloader from our
-`Git repository <https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader>`__:
+      pip3 install instaloader
 
-::
+**To upgrade Instaloader**, do::
 
-    pip3 install git+https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader
+   pip3 install --upgrade instaloader
 
-(pass ``--upgrade`` to upgrade if Instaloader is already installed)
 
-Instaloader requires
-`requests <http://python-requests.org/>`__, which
-will be installed automatically, if it is not already installed.
+**Alternative methods for installing Instaloader:**
 
-If you do not want to use pip, even though it is highly recommended,
-and prefer installing Instaloader manually,
-`Download the Source <https://github.com/Thammus/instaloader/releases>`__,
-extract the Zip or Tarball and execute ``instaloader.py`` from there.
+- If you do not want to use pip, even though it is highly recommended,
+  and prefer to **install Instaloader manually**,
+  `Download the Source <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/releases/latest>`__,
+  extract the Zip or Tarball and execute ``instaloader.py`` from there.
+
+- On **Arch Linux**, you may install Instaloader using the
+  `Instaloader AUR package <https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/instaloader/>`__.
+
+- On **Windows 10**, you may download the standalone executable from the
+  `current release page <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/releases/latest>`__.
+
+- To get the most current version of Instaloader from our
+  `Git repository <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader>`__::
+
+     pip3 install --upgrade git+https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-sphinx-autodoc-typehints
+requests
+sphinx
+sphinx-bootstrap-theme

docs/sphinx_autodoc_typehints.py

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# sphinx_autodoc_typehints from Mar 18 2018.
+#  https://github.com/agronholm/sphinx-autodoc-typehints
+# (slightly modified to fix class links, maybe related to agronholm/sphinx-autodoc-typehints#38)
+#
+# This is the MIT license: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
+#
+# Copyright (c) Alex Grönholm
+#
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
+# software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
+# without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
+# publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
+# to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+#
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
+# substantial portions of the Software.
+#
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
+# INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+# PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+# OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+# DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+#
+
+
+import inspect
+from typing import get_type_hints, TypeVar, Any, AnyStr, Generic, Union
+
+from sphinx.util.inspect import getargspec
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc import formatargspec
+
+try:
+    from inspect import unwrap
+except ImportError:
+    def unwrap(func, *, stop=None):
+        """This is the inspect.unwrap() method copied from Python 3.5's standard library."""
+        if stop is None:
+            def _is_wrapper(f):
+                return hasattr(f, '__wrapped__')
+        else:
+            def _is_wrapper(f):
+                return hasattr(f, '__wrapped__') and not stop(f)
+        f = func  # remember the original func for error reporting
+        memo = {id(f)}  # Memoise by id to tolerate non-hashable objects
+        while _is_wrapper(func):
+            func = func.__wrapped__
+            id_func = id(func)
+            if id_func in memo:
+                raise ValueError('wrapper loop when unwrapping {!r}'.format(f))
+            memo.add(id_func)
+        return func
+
+
+def format_annotation(annotation):
+    if inspect.isclass(annotation) and annotation.__module__ == 'builtins':
+        if annotation.__qualname__ == 'NoneType':
+            return '``None``'
+        else:
+            return ':py:class:`{}`'.format(annotation.__qualname__)
+
+    annotation_cls = annotation if inspect.isclass(annotation) else type(annotation)
+    class_name = None
+    if annotation_cls.__module__ == 'typing':
+        params = None
+        prefix = ':py:class:'
+        module = 'typing'
+        extra = ''
+
+        if inspect.isclass(getattr(annotation, '__origin__', None)):
+            annotation_cls = annotation.__origin__
+            try:
+                if Generic in annotation_cls.mro():
+                    module = annotation_cls.__module__
+            except TypeError:
+                pass  # annotation_cls was either the "type" object or typing.Type
+
+        if annotation is Any:
+            return ':py:data:`~typing.Any`'
+        elif annotation is AnyStr:
+            return ':py:data:`~typing.AnyStr`'
+        elif isinstance(annotation, TypeVar):
+            return '\\%r' % annotation
+        elif (annotation is Union or getattr(annotation, '__origin__', None) is Union or
+              hasattr(annotation, '__union_params__')):
+            prefix = ':py:data:'
+            class_name = 'Union'
+            if hasattr(annotation, '__union_params__'):
+                params = annotation.__union_params__
+            elif hasattr(annotation, '__args__'):
+                params = annotation.__args__
+
+            if params and len(params) == 2 and (hasattr(params[1], '__qualname__') and
+                                                params[1].__qualname__ == 'NoneType'):
+                class_name = 'Optional'
+                params = (params[0],)
+        elif annotation_cls.__qualname__ == 'Tuple' and hasattr(annotation, '__tuple_params__'):
+            params = annotation.__tuple_params__
+            if annotation.__tuple_use_ellipsis__:
+                params += (Ellipsis,)
+        elif annotation_cls.__qualname__ == 'Callable':
+            prefix = ':py:data:'
+            arg_annotations = result_annotation = None
+            if hasattr(annotation, '__result__'):
+                arg_annotations = annotation.__args__
+                result_annotation = annotation.__result__
+            elif getattr(annotation, '__args__', None):
+                arg_annotations = annotation.__args__[:-1]
+                result_annotation = annotation.__args__[-1]
+
+            if arg_annotations in (Ellipsis, (Ellipsis,)):
+                params = [Ellipsis, result_annotation]
+            elif arg_annotations is not None:
+                params = [
+                    '\\[{}]'.format(
+                        ', '.join(format_annotation(param) for param in arg_annotations)),
+                    result_annotation
+                ]
+        elif hasattr(annotation, 'type_var'):
+            # Type alias
+            class_name = annotation.name
+            params = (annotation.type_var,)
+        elif getattr(annotation, '__args__', None) is not None:
+            params = annotation.__args__
+        elif hasattr(annotation, '__parameters__'):
+            params = annotation.__parameters__
+
+        if params:
+            extra = '\\[{}]'.format(', '.join(format_annotation(param) for param in params))
+
+        if not class_name:
+            class_name = annotation_cls.__qualname__.title()
+
+        return '{}`~{}.{}`{}'.format(prefix, module, class_name, extra)
+    elif annotation is Ellipsis:
+        return '...'
+    elif inspect.isclass(annotation) or inspect.isclass(getattr(annotation, '__origin__', None)):
+        if not inspect.isclass(annotation):
+            annotation_cls = annotation.__origin__
+
+        extra = ''
+        if Generic in annotation_cls.mro():
+            params = (getattr(annotation, '__parameters__', None) or
+                      getattr(annotation, '__args__', None))
+            extra = '\\[{}]'.format(', '.join(format_annotation(param) for param in params))
+
+        module = annotation.__module__.split('.')[0]    # hack to 'fix' class linking for Instaloader project
+        return ':py:class:`~{}.{}`{}'.format(module, annotation_cls.__qualname__,
+                                             extra)
+
+    return str(annotation)
+
+
+def process_signature(app, what: str, name: str, obj, options, signature, return_annotation):
+    if not callable(obj):
+        return
+
+    if what in ('class', 'exception'):
+        obj = getattr(obj, '__init__', getattr(obj, '__new__', None))
+
+    if not getattr(obj, '__annotations__', None):
+        return
+
+    obj = unwrap(obj)
+    try:
+        argspec = getargspec(obj)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return
+
+    if argspec.args:
+        if what in ('class', 'exception'):
+            del argspec.args[0]
+        elif what == 'method':
+            outer = inspect.getmodule(obj)
+            for clsname in obj.__qualname__.split('.')[:-1]:
+                outer = getattr(outer, clsname)
+            method_object = outer.__dict__[obj.__name__]
+            if not isinstance(method_object, (classmethod, staticmethod)):
+                del argspec.args[0]
+
+    return formatargspec(obj, *argspec[:-1]), None
+
+
+def process_docstring(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
+    if isinstance(obj, property):
+        obj = obj.fget
+
+    if callable(obj):
+        if what in ('class', 'exception'):
+            obj = getattr(obj, '__init__')
+
+        obj = unwrap(obj)
+        try:
+            type_hints = get_type_hints(obj)
+        except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+            # Introspecting a slot wrapper will raise TypeError
+            return
+
+        for argname, annotation in type_hints.items():
+            formatted_annotation = format_annotation(annotation)
+
+            if argname == 'return':
+                if what in ('class', 'exception'):
+                    # Don't add return type None from __init__()
+                    continue
+
+                insert_index = len(lines)
+                for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+                    if line.startswith(':rtype:'):
+                        insert_index = None
+                        break
+                    elif line.startswith(':return:') or line.startswith(':returns:'):
+                        insert_index = i
+
+                if insert_index is not None:
+                    if insert_index == len(lines):
+                        # Ensure that :rtype: doesn't get joined with a paragraph of text, which
+                        # prevents it being interpreted.
+                        lines.append('')
+                        insert_index += 1
+
+                    lines.insert(insert_index, ':rtype: {}'.format(formatted_annotation))
+            else:
+                searchfor = ':param {}:'.format(argname)
+                for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+                    if line.startswith(searchfor):
+                        lines.insert(i, ':type {}: {}'.format(argname, formatted_annotation))
+                        break

instaloader/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""Download pictures (or videos) along with their captions and other metadata from Instagram."""
+
+
+__version__ = '4.0.6'
+
+
+try:
+    # pylint:disable=wrong-import-position
+    import win_unicode_console
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+else:
+    win_unicode_console.enable()
+
+from .exceptions import *
+from .instaloader import Instaloader
+from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext
+from .structures import (Post, PostSidecarNode, PostComment, PostLocation, Profile, Story, StoryItem,
+                         load_structure_from_file, save_structure_to_file)

instaloader/__main__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+"""Download pictures (or videos) along with their captions and other metadata from Instagram."""
+
+import ast
+import datetime
+import os
+import sys
+from argparse import ArgumentParser, SUPPRESS
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from . import (Instaloader, InstaloaderException, InvalidArgumentException, Post, Profile, ProfileNotExistsException,
+               StoryItem, __version__, load_structure_from_file)
+from .instaloader import get_default_session_filename
+from .instaloadercontext import default_user_agent
+
+
+def usage_string():
+    # NOTE: duplicated in README.rst and docs/index.rst
+    argv0 = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
+    argv0 = "instaloader" if argv0 == "__main__.py" else argv0
+    return """
+{0} [--comments] [--geotags] [--stories]
+{2:{1}} [--login YOUR-USERNAME] [--fast-update]
+{2:{1}} profile | "#hashtag" | :stories | :feed | :saved
+{0} --help""".format(argv0, len(argv0), '')
+
+
+def filterstr_to_filterfunc(filter_str: str, item_type: type):
+    """Takes an --post-filter=... or --storyitem-filter=... filter
+     specification and makes a filter_func Callable out of it."""
+
+    # The filter_str is parsed, then all names occurring in its AST are replaced by loads to post.<name>. A
+    # function Post->bool is returned which evaluates the filter with the post as 'post' in its namespace.
+
+    class TransformFilterAst(ast.NodeTransformer):
+        def visit_Name(self, node: ast.Name):
+            # pylint:disable=no-self-use
+            if not isinstance(node.ctx, ast.Load):
+                raise InvalidArgumentException("Invalid filter: Modifying variables ({}) not allowed.".format(node.id))
+            if node.id == "datetime":
+                return node
+            if not hasattr(item_type, node.id):
+                raise InvalidArgumentException("Invalid filter: {} not a {} attribute.".format(node.id,
+                                                                                               item_type.__name__))
+            new_node = ast.Attribute(ast.copy_location(ast.Name('item', ast.Load()), node), node.id,
+                                     ast.copy_location(ast.Load(), node))
+            return ast.copy_location(new_node, node)
+
+    input_filename = '<command line filter parameter>'
+    compiled_filter = compile(TransformFilterAst().visit(ast.parse(filter_str, filename=input_filename, mode='eval')),
+                              filename=input_filename, mode='eval')
+
+    def filterfunc(item) -> bool:
+        # pylint:disable=eval-used
+        return bool(eval(compiled_filter, {'item': item, 'datetime': datetime.datetime}))
+
+    return filterfunc
+
+
+def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
+          username: Optional[str] = None, password: Optional[str] = None,
+          sessionfile: Optional[str] = None, max_count: Optional[int] = None,
+          profile_pic: bool = True, profile_pic_only: bool = False,
+          fast_update: bool = False,
+          stories: bool = False, stories_only: bool = False,
+          post_filter_str: Optional[str] = None,
+          storyitem_filter_str: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    """Download set of profiles, hashtags etc. and handle logging in and session files if desired."""
+    # Parse and generate filter function
+    post_filter = None
+    if post_filter_str is not None:
+        post_filter = filterstr_to_filterfunc(post_filter_str, Post)
+        instaloader.context.log('Only download posts with property "{}".'.format(post_filter_str))
+    storyitem_filter = None
+    if storyitem_filter_str is not None:
+        storyitem_filter = filterstr_to_filterfunc(storyitem_filter_str, StoryItem)
+        instaloader.context.log('Only download storyitems with property "{}".'.format(storyitem_filter_str))
+    # Login, if desired
+    if username is not None:
+        try:
+            instaloader.load_session_from_file(username, sessionfile)
+        except FileNotFoundError as err:
+            if sessionfile is not None:
+                print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+            instaloader.context.log("Session file does not exist yet - Logging in.")
+        if not instaloader.context.is_logged_in or username != instaloader.test_login():
+            if password is not None:
+                instaloader.login(username, password)
+            else:
+                instaloader.interactive_login(username)
+        instaloader.context.log("Logged in as %s." % username)
+    # Try block for KeyboardInterrupt (save session on ^C)
+    profiles = set()
+    try:
+        # Generate set of profiles, already downloading non-profile targets
+        for target in targetlist:
+            if (target.endswith('.json') or target.endswith('.json.xz')) and os.path.isfile(target):
+                with instaloader.context.error_catcher(target):
+                    structure = load_structure_from_file(instaloader.context, target)
+                    if isinstance(structure, Post):
+                        if post_filter is not None and not post_filter(structure):
+                            instaloader.context.log("<{} ({}) skipped>".format(structure, target), flush=True)
+                            continue
+                        instaloader.context.log("Downloading {} ({})".format(structure, target))
+                        instaloader.download_post(structure, os.path.dirname(target))
+                    elif isinstance(structure, StoryItem):
+                        if storyitem_filter is not None and not storyitem_filter(structure):
+                            instaloader.context.log("<{} ({}) skipped>".format(structure, target), flush=True)
+                            continue
+                        instaloader.context.log("Attempting to download {} ({})".format(structure, target))
+                        instaloader.download_storyitem(structure, os.path.dirname(target))
+                    elif isinstance(structure, Profile):
+                        raise InvalidArgumentException("Profile JSON are ignored. Pass \"{}\" to download that profile"
+                                                       .format(structure.username))
+                    else:
+                        raise InvalidArgumentException("{} JSON file not supported as target"
+                                                       .format(structure.__class__.__name__))
+                continue
+            # strip '/' characters to be more shell-autocompletion-friendly
+            target = target.rstrip('/')
+            with instaloader.context.error_catcher(target):
+                if target[0] == '@':
+                    instaloader.context.log("Retrieving followees of %s..." % target[1:])
+                    profile = Profile.from_username(instaloader.context, target[1:])
+                    for followee in profile.get_followees():
+                        instaloader.save_profile_id(followee)
+                        profiles.add(followee)
+                elif target[0] == '#':
+                    instaloader.download_hashtag(hashtag=target[1:], max_count=max_count, fast_update=fast_update,
+                                                 post_filter=post_filter)
+                elif target == ":feed":
+                    instaloader.download_feed_posts(fast_update=fast_update, max_count=max_count,
+                                                    post_filter=post_filter)
+                elif target == ":stories":
+                    instaloader.download_stories(fast_update=fast_update, storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter)
+                elif target == ":saved":
+                    instaloader.download_saved_posts(fast_update=fast_update, max_count=max_count,
+                                                     post_filter=post_filter)
+                else:
+                    profiles.add(instaloader.check_profile_id(target))
+        if len(profiles) > 1:
+            instaloader.context.log("Downloading {} profiles: {}".format(len(profiles),
+                                                                         ' '.join([p.username for p in profiles])))
+        if not stories_only:
+            # Iterate through profiles list and download them
+            for target in profiles:
+                with instaloader.context.error_catcher(target):
+                    try:
+                        instaloader.download_profile(target, profile_pic, profile_pic_only,
+                                                     fast_update, post_filter=post_filter)
+                    except ProfileNotExistsException as err:
+                        if instaloader.context.is_logged_in and not stories_only:
+                            instaloader.context.log(err)
+                            instaloader.context.log("Trying again anonymously, helps in case you are just blocked.")
+                            with instaloader.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_loader:
+                                with instaloader.context.error_catcher():
+                                    anonymous_loader.download_profile(target, profile_pic, profile_pic_only,
+                                                                      fast_update, post_filter=post_filter)
+                        else:
+                            raise
+        if stories or stories_only:
+            with instaloader.context.error_catcher("Download stories"):
+                instaloader.context.log("Downloading stories")
+                instaloader.download_stories(userids=list(profiles), fast_update=fast_update,
+                                             filename_target=None, storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        print("\nInterrupted by user.", file=sys.stderr)
+    # Save session if it is useful
+    if instaloader.context.is_logged_in:
+        instaloader.save_session_to_file(sessionfile)
+    # User might be confused if Instaloader does nothing
+    if not targetlist:
+        if instaloader.context.is_logged_in:
+            # Instaloader did at least save a session file
+            instaloader.context.log("No targets were specified, thus nothing has been downloaded.")
+        else:
+            # Instloader did not do anything
+            instaloader.context.log("usage:" + usage_string())
+
+
+def main():
+    parser = ArgumentParser(description=__doc__, add_help=False, usage=usage_string(),
+                            epilog="Report issues at https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues. "
+                                   "The complete documentation can be found at "
+                                   "https://instaloader.github.io/.")
+
+    g_what = parser.add_argument_group('What to Download',
+                                       'Specify a list of profiles or #hashtags. For each of these, Instaloader '
+                                       'creates a folder and '
+                                       'downloads all posts along with the pictures\'s '
+                                       'captions and the current profile picture. '
+                                       'If an already-downloaded profile has been renamed, Instaloader automatically '
+                                       'finds it by its unique ID and renames the folder likewise.')
+    g_what.add_argument('profile', nargs='*', metavar='profile|#hashtag',
+                        help='Name of profile or #hashtag to download. '
+                             'Alternatively, if --login is given: @<profile> to download all followees of '
+                             '<profile>; the special targets '
+                             ':feed to download pictures from your feed; '
+                             ':stories to download the stories of your followees; or '
+                             ':saved to download the posts marked as saved.')
+    g_what.add_argument('-P', '--profile-pic-only', action='store_true',
+                        help='Only download profile picture.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--no-profile-pic', action='store_true',
+                        help='Do not download profile picture.')
+    g_what.add_argument('-V', '--no-videos', action='store_true',
+                        help='Do not download videos.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--no-video-thumbnails', action='store_true',
+                        help='Do not download thumbnails of videos.')
+    g_what.add_argument('-G', '--geotags', action='store_true',
+                        help='Download geotags when available. Geotags are stored as a '
+                             'text file with the location\'s name and a Google Maps link. '
+                             'This requires an additional request to the Instagram '
+                             'server for each picture, which is why it is disabled by default.')
+    g_what.add_argument('-C', '--comments', action='store_true',
+                        help='Download and update comments for each post. '
+                             'This requires an additional request to the Instagram '
+                             'server for each post, which is why it is disabled by default.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--no-captions', action='store_true',
+                        help='Do not create txt files.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--post-metadata-txt', action='append',
+                        help='Template to write in txt file for each Post.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--storyitem-metadata-txt', action='append',
+                        help='Template to write in txt file for each StoryItem.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--no-metadata-json', action='store_true',
+                        help='Do not create a JSON file containing the metadata of each post.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--metadata-json', action='store_true',
+                        help=SUPPRESS)
+    g_what.add_argument('--no-compress-json', action='store_true',
+                        help='Do not xz compress JSON files, rather create pretty formatted JSONs.')
+    g_what.add_argument('-s', '--stories', action='store_true',
+                        help='Also download stories of each profile that is downloaded. Requires --login.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--stories-only', action='store_true',
+                        help='Rather than downloading regular posts of each specified profile, only download '
+                             'stories. Requires --login. Does not imply --no-profile-pic.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--post-filter', '--only-if', metavar='filter',
+                        help='Expression that, if given, must evaluate to True for each post to be downloaded. Must be '
+                             'a syntactically valid python expression. Variables are evaluated to '
+                             'instaloader.Post attributes. Example: --post-filter=viewer_has_liked.')
+    g_what.add_argument('--storyitem-filter', metavar='filter',
+                        help='Expression that, if given, must evaluate to True for each storyitem to be downloaded. '
+                             'Must be a syntactically valid python expression. Variables are evaluated to '
+                             'instaloader.StoryItem attributes.')
+
+    g_stop = parser.add_argument_group('When to Stop Downloading',
+                                       'If none of these options are given, Instaloader goes through all pictures '
+                                       'matching the specified targets.')
+    g_stop.add_argument('-F', '--fast-update', action='store_true',
+                        help='For each target, stop when encountering the first already-downloaded picture. This '
+                             'flag is recommended when you use Instaloader to update your personal Instagram archive.')
+    g_stop.add_argument('-c', '--count',
+                        help='Do not attempt to download more than COUNT posts. '
+                             'Applies only to #hashtag and :feed.')
+
+    g_login = parser.add_argument_group('Login (Download Private Profiles)',
+                                        'Instaloader can login to Instagram. This allows downloading private profiles. '
+                                        'To login, pass the --login option. Your session cookie (not your password!) '
+                                        'will be saved to a local file to be reused next time you want Instaloader '
+                                        'to login.')
+    g_login.add_argument('-l', '--login', metavar='YOUR-USERNAME',
+                         help='Login name (profile name) for your Instagram account.')
+    g_login.add_argument('-f', '--sessionfile',
+                         help='Path for loading and storing session key file. '
+                              'Defaults to ' + get_default_session_filename("<login_name>"))
+    g_login.add_argument('-p', '--password', metavar='YOUR-PASSWORD',
+                         help='Password for your Instagram account. Without this option, '
+                              'you\'ll be prompted for your password interactively if '
+                              'there is not yet a valid session file.')
+
+    g_how = parser.add_argument_group('How to Download')
+    g_how.add_argument('--dirname-pattern',
+                       help='Name of directory where to store posts. {profile} is replaced by the profile name, '
+                            '{target} is replaced by the target you specified, i.e. either :feed, #hashtag or the '
+                            'profile name. Defaults to \'{target}\'.')
+    g_how.add_argument('--filename-pattern',
+                       help='Prefix of filenames, relative to the directory given with '
+                            '--dirname-pattern. {profile} is replaced by the profile name,'
+                            '{target} is replaced by the target you specified, i.e. either :feed'
+                            '#hashtag or the profile name. Defaults to \'{date_utc}_UTC\'')
+    g_how.add_argument('--user-agent',
+                       help='User Agent to use for HTTP requests. Defaults to \'{}\'.'.format(default_user_agent()))
+    g_how.add_argument('-S', '--no-sleep', action='store_true', help=SUPPRESS)
+    g_how.add_argument('--graphql-rate-limit', type=int, help=SUPPRESS)
+    g_how.add_argument('--max-connection-attempts', metavar='N', type=int, default=3,
+                       help='Maximum number of connection attempts until a request is aborted. Defaults to 3. If a '
+                            'connection fails, it can be manually skipped by hitting CTRL+C. Set this to 0 to retry '
+                            'infinitely.')
+
+    g_misc = parser.add_argument_group('Miscellaneous Options')
+    g_misc.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', action='store_true',
+                        help='Disable user interaction, i.e. do not print messages (except errors) and fail '
+                             'if login credentials are needed but not given. This makes Instaloader suitable as a '
+                             'cron job.')
+    g_misc.add_argument('-h', '--help', action='help', help='Show this help message and exit.')
+    g_misc.add_argument('--version', action='version', help='Show version number and exit.',
+                        version=__version__)
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    try:
+        if args.login is None and (args.stories or args.stories_only):
+            print("--login=USERNAME required to download stories.", file=sys.stderr)
+            args.stories = False
+            if args.stories_only:
+                raise SystemExit(1)
+
+        if ':feed-all' in args.profile or ':feed-liked' in args.profile:
+            raise SystemExit(":feed-all and :feed-liked were removed. Use :feed as target and "
+                             "eventually --post-filter=viewer_has_liked.")
+
+        post_metadata_txt_pattern = '\n'.join(args.post_metadata_txt) if args.post_metadata_txt else None
+        storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern = '\n'.join(args.storyitem_metadata_txt) if args.storyitem_metadata_txt else None
+
+        if args.no_captions:
+            if not (post_metadata_txt_pattern or storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern):
+                post_metadata_txt_pattern = ''
+                storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern = ''
+            else:
+                raise SystemExit("--no-captions and --post-metadata-txt or --storyitem-metadata-txt given; "
+                                 "That contradicts.")
+
+        loader = Instaloader(sleep=not args.no_sleep, quiet=args.quiet, user_agent=args.user_agent,
+                             dirname_pattern=args.dirname_pattern, filename_pattern=args.filename_pattern,
+                             download_videos=not args.no_videos, download_video_thumbnails=not args.no_video_thumbnails,
+                             download_geotags=args.geotags,
+                             download_comments=args.comments, save_metadata=not args.no_metadata_json,
+                             compress_json=not args.no_compress_json,
+                             post_metadata_txt_pattern=post_metadata_txt_pattern,
+                             storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern=storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern,
+                             graphql_rate_limit=args.graphql_rate_limit,
+                             max_connection_attempts=args.max_connection_attempts)
+        _main(loader,
+              args.profile,
+              username=args.login.lower() if args.login is not None else None,
+              password=args.password,
+              sessionfile=args.sessionfile,
+              max_count=int(args.count) if args.count is not None else None,
+              profile_pic=not args.no_profile_pic,
+              profile_pic_only=args.profile_pic_only,
+              fast_update=args.fast_update,
+              stories=args.stories,
+              stories_only=args.stories_only,
+              post_filter_str=args.post_filter,
+              storyitem_filter_str=args.storyitem_filter)
+        loader.close()
+    except InstaloaderException as err:
+        raise SystemExit("Fatal error: %s" % err)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

instaloader/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+class InstaloaderException(Exception):
+    """Base exception for this script.
+
+    :note: This exception should not be raised directly."""
+    pass
+
+
+class QueryReturnedBadRequestException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class QueryReturnedNotFoundException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class QueryReturnedForbiddenException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ProfileNotExistsException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ProfileHasNoPicsException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class PrivateProfileNotFollowedException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class LoginRequiredException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class InvalidArgumentException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class BadResponseException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class BadCredentialsException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConnectionException(InstaloaderException):
+    pass
+
+
+class TooManyRequestsException(ConnectionException):
+    pass

instaloader/instaloader.py

@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+import getpass
+import json
+import os
+import platform
+import re
+import shutil
+import string
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from functools import wraps
+from io import BytesIO
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterator, List, Optional, Union
+
+from .exceptions import *
+from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext
+from .structures import JsonExportable, Post, PostLocation, Profile, Story, StoryItem, save_structure_to_file
+
+
+def get_default_session_filename(username: str) -> str:
+    """Returns default session filename for given username."""
+    dirname = tempfile.gettempdir() + "/" + ".instaloader-" + getpass.getuser()
+    filename = dirname + "/" + "session-" + username
+    return filename.lower()
+
+
+def format_string_contains_key(format_string: str, key: str) -> bool:
+    # pylint:disable=unused-variable
+    for literal_text, field_name, format_spec, conversion in string.Formatter().parse(format_string):
+        if field_name and (field_name == key or field_name.startswith(key + '.')):
+            return True
+    return False
+
+
+def _requires_login(func: Callable) -> Callable:
+    """Decorator to raise an exception if herewith-decorated function is called without being logged in"""
+    @wraps(func)
+    def call(instaloader, *args, **kwargs):
+        if not instaloader.context.is_logged_in:
+            raise LoginRequiredException("--login=USERNAME required.")
+        return func(instaloader, *args, **kwargs)
+    # pylint:disable=no-member
+    call.__doc__ += ":raises LoginRequiredException: If called without being logged in.\n"
+    return call
+
+
+class _ArbitraryItemFormatter(string.Formatter):
+    def __init__(self, item: Any):
+        self._item = item
+
+    def get_field(self, field_name, args, kwargs):
+        """Override to substitute {ATTRIBUTE} by attributes of our _item."""
+        if hasattr(self._item, field_name):
+            return self._item.__getattribute__(field_name), None
+        return super().get_field(field_name, args, kwargs)
+
+    def format_field(self, value, format_spec):
+        """Override :meth:`string.Formatter.format_field` to have our
+         default format_spec for :class:`datetime.Datetime` objects, and to
+         let None yield an empty string rather than ``None``."""
+        if isinstance(value, datetime) and not format_spec:
+            return super().format_field(value, '%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S')
+        if value is None:
+            return ''
+        return super().format_field(value, format_spec)
+
+
+class _PostPathFormatter(_ArbitraryItemFormatter):
+    def vformat(self, format_string, args, kwargs):
+        """Override :meth:`string.Formatter.vformat` for character substitution in paths for Windows, see issue #84."""
+        ret = super().vformat(format_string, args, kwargs)
+        return ret.replace(':', '\ua789') if platform.system() == 'Windows' else ret
+
+
+class Instaloader:
+    """Instaloader Class.
+
+    :param quiet: :option:`--quiet`
+    :param user_agent: :option:`--user-agent`
+    :param dirname_pattern: :option:`--dirname-pattern`, default is ``{target}``
+    :param filename_pattern: :option:`--filename-pattern`, default is ``{date_utc}_UTC``
+    :param download_videos: not :option:`--no-videos`
+    :param download_video_thumbnails: not :option:`--no-video-thumbnails`
+    :param download_geotags: :option:`--geotags`
+    :param download_comments: :option:`--comments`
+    :param save_metadata: not :option:`--no-metadata-json`
+    :param compress_json: not :option:`--no-compress-json`
+    :param post_metadata_txt_pattern:
+       :option:`--post-metadata-txt`, default is ``{caption}``. Set to empty string to avoid creation of post metadata
+       txt file.
+    :param storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern: :option:`--storyitem-metadata-txt`, default is empty (=none)
+    :param max_connection_attempts: :option:`--max-connection-attempts`
+
+    .. attribute:: context
+
+       The associated :class:`InstaloaderContext` with low-level communication functions and logging.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 sleep: bool = True, quiet: bool = False,
+                 user_agent: Optional[str] = None,
+                 dirname_pattern: Optional[str] = None,
+                 filename_pattern: Optional[str] = None,
+                 download_videos: bool = True,
+                 download_video_thumbnails: bool = True,
+                 download_geotags: bool = True,
+                 download_comments: bool = True,
+                 save_metadata: bool = True,
+                 compress_json: bool = True,
+                 post_metadata_txt_pattern: str = None,
+                 storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern: str = None,
+                 graphql_rate_limit: Optional[int] = None,
+                 max_connection_attempts: int = 3):
+
+        self.context = InstaloaderContext(sleep, quiet, user_agent, graphql_rate_limit, max_connection_attempts)
+
+        # configuration parameters
+        self.dirname_pattern = dirname_pattern or "{target}"
+        self.filename_pattern = filename_pattern or "{date_utc}_UTC"
+        self.download_videos = download_videos
+        self.download_video_thumbnails = download_video_thumbnails
+        self.download_geotags = download_geotags
+        self.download_comments = download_comments
+        self.save_metadata = save_metadata
+        self.compress_json = compress_json
+        self.post_metadata_txt_pattern = '{caption}' if post_metadata_txt_pattern is None \
+            else post_metadata_txt_pattern
+        self.storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern = '' if storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern is None \
+            else storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def anonymous_copy(self):
+        """Yield an anonymous, otherwise equally-configured copy of an Instaloader instance; Then copy its error log."""
+        new_loader = Instaloader(self.context.sleep, self.context.quiet, self.context.user_agent, self.dirname_pattern,
+                                 self.filename_pattern, self.download_videos, self.download_video_thumbnails,
+                                 self.download_geotags, self.download_comments, self.save_metadata,
+                                 self.compress_json, self.post_metadata_txt_pattern,
+                                 self.storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern, self.context.graphql_count_per_slidingwindow,
+                                 self.context.max_connection_attempts)
+        new_loader.context.query_timestamps = self.context.query_timestamps
+        yield new_loader
+        self.context.error_log.extend(new_loader.context.error_log)
+        new_loader.context.error_log = []  # avoid double-printing of errors
+        self.context.query_timestamps = new_loader.context.query_timestamps
+        new_loader.close()
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close associated session objects and repeat error log."""
+        self.context.close()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+    def download_pic(self, filename: str, url: str, mtime: datetime, filename_suffix: Optional[str] = None) -> bool:
+        """Downloads and saves picture with given url under given directory with given timestamp.
+        Returns true, if file was actually downloaded, i.e. updated."""
+        urlmatch = re.search('\\.[a-z0-9]*\\?', url)
+        file_extension = url[-3:] if urlmatch is None else urlmatch.group(0)[1:-1]
+        if filename_suffix is not None:
+            filename += '_' + filename_suffix
+        filename += '.' + file_extension
+        if os.path.isfile(filename):
+            self.context.log(filename + ' exists', end=' ', flush=True)
+            return False
+        self.context.get_and_write_raw(url, filename)
+        os.utime(filename, (datetime.now().timestamp(), mtime.timestamp()))
+        return True
+
+    def save_metadata_json(self, filename: str, structure: JsonExportable) -> None:
+        """Saves metadata JSON file of a structure."""
+        if self.compress_json:
+            filename += '.json.xz'
+        else:
+            filename += '.json'
+        save_structure_to_file(structure, filename)
+        if isinstance(structure, (Post, StoryItem)):
+            # log 'json ' message when saving Post or StoryItem
+            self.context.log('json', end=' ', flush=True)
+
+    def update_comments(self, filename: str, post: Post) -> None:
+        def _postcomment_asdict(comment):
+            return {'id': comment.id,
+                    'created_at': int(comment.created_at_utc.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc).timestamp()),
+                    'text': comment.text,
+                    'owner': comment.owner._asdict()}
+        filename += '_comments.json'
+        try:
+            with open(filename) as fp:
+                comments = json.load(fp)
+        except (FileNotFoundError, json.decoder.JSONDecodeError):
+            comments = list()
+        comments.extend(_postcomment_asdict(comment) for comment in post.get_comments())
+        if comments:
+            comments_list = sorted(sorted(list(comments), key=lambda t: int(t['id'])),
+                                   key=lambda t: int(t['created_at']), reverse=True)
+            unique_comments_list = [comments_list[0]]
+            #for comment in comments_list:
+            #    if unique_comments_list[-1]['id'] != comment['id']:
+            #        unique_comments_list.append(comment)
+            #file.write(json.dumps(unique_comments_list, indent=4))
+            for x, y in zip(comments_list[:-1], comments_list[1:]):
+                if x['id'] != y['id']:
+                    unique_comments_list.append(y)
+            with open(filename, 'w') as file:
+                file.write(json.dumps(unique_comments_list, indent=4))
+            self.context.log('comments', end=' ', flush=True)
+
+    def save_caption(self, filename: str, mtime: datetime, caption: str) -> None:
+        """Updates picture caption / Post metadata info"""
+        def _elliptify(caption):
+            pcaption = caption.replace('\n', ' ').strip()
+            return '[' + ((pcaption[:29] + u"\u2026") if len(pcaption) > 31 else pcaption) + ']'
+        filename += '.txt'
+        caption += '\n'
+        pcaption = _elliptify(caption)
+        caption = caption.encode("UTF-8")
+        with suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+            with open(filename, 'rb') as file:
+                file_caption = file.read()
+            if file_caption.replace(b'\r\n', b'\n') == caption.replace(b'\r\n', b'\n'):
+                try:
+                    self.context.log(pcaption + ' unchanged', end=' ', flush=True)
+                except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                    self.context.log('txt unchanged', end=' ', flush=True)
+                return None
+            else:
+                def get_filename(index):
+                    return filename if index == 0 else (filename[:-4] + '_old_' +
+                                                        (str(0) if index < 10 else str()) + str(index) + filename[-4:])
+
+                i = 0
+                while os.path.isfile(get_filename(i)):
+                    i = i + 1
+                for index in range(i, 0, -1):
+                    os.rename(get_filename(index - 1), get_filename(index))
+                try:
+                    self.context.log(_elliptify(file_caption.decode("UTF-8")) + ' updated', end=' ', flush=True)
+                except UnicodeEncodeError:
+                    self.context.log('txt updated', end=' ', flush=True)
+        try:
+            self.context.log(pcaption, end=' ', flush=True)
+        except UnicodeEncodeError:
+            self.context.log('txt', end=' ', flush=True)
+        with open(filename, 'wb') as text_file:
+            shutil.copyfileobj(BytesIO(caption), text_file)
+        os.utime(filename, (datetime.now().timestamp(), mtime.timestamp()))
+
+    def save_location(self, filename: str, location: PostLocation, mtime: datetime) -> None:
+        """Save post location name and Google Maps link."""
+        filename += '_location.txt'
+        location_string = (location.name + "\n" +
+                           "https://maps.google.com/maps?q={0},{1}&ll={0},{1}\n".format(location.lat,
+                                                                                        location.lng))
+        with open(filename, 'wb') as text_file:
+            shutil.copyfileobj(BytesIO(location_string.encode()), text_file)
+        os.utime(filename, (datetime.now().timestamp(), mtime.timestamp()))
+        self.context.log('geo', end=' ', flush=True)
+
+    def download_profilepic(self, profile: Profile) -> None:
+        """Downloads and saves profile pic."""
+
+        def _epoch_to_string(epoch: datetime) -> str:
+            return epoch.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S')
+
+        profile_pic_url = profile.profile_pic_url
+        with self.context.get_anonymous_session() as anonymous_session:
+            date_object = datetime.strptime(anonymous_session.head(profile_pic_url).headers["Last-Modified"],
+                                            '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')
+        profile_pic_extension = 'jpg'
+        if ((format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
+             format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'target'))):
+            filename = '{0}/{1}_UTC_profile_pic.{2}'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile.username.lower(),
+                                                                                        target=profile.username.lower()),
+                                                            _epoch_to_string(date_object), profile_pic_extension)
+        else:
+            filename = '{0}/{1}_{2}_UTC_profile_pic.{3}'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), profile.username.lower(),
+                                                                _epoch_to_string(date_object), profile_pic_extension)
+        if os.path.isfile(filename):
+            self.context.log(filename + ' already exists')
+            return None
+        self.context.get_and_write_raw(profile_pic_url, filename)
+        os.utime(filename, (datetime.now().timestamp(), date_object.timestamp()))
+        self.context.log('')  # log output of _get_and_write_raw() does not produce \n
+
+    @_requires_login
+    def save_session_to_file(self, filename: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """Saves internally stored :class:`requests.Session` object.
+
+        :param filename: Filename, or None to use default filename.
+        """
+        if filename is None:
+            filename = get_default_session_filename(self.context.username)
+        dirname = os.path.dirname(filename)
+        if dirname != '' and not os.path.exists(dirname):
+            os.makedirs(dirname)
+            os.chmod(dirname, 0o700)
+        with open(filename, 'wb') as sessionfile:
+            os.chmod(filename, 0o600)
+            self.context.save_session_to_file(sessionfile)
+            self.context.log("Saved session to %s." % filename)
+
+    def load_session_from_file(self, username: str, filename: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """Internally stores :class:`requests.Session` object loaded from file.
+
+        If filename is None, the file with the default session path is loaded.
+
+        :raises FileNotFoundError: If the file does not exist.
+        """
+        if filename is None:
+            filename = get_default_session_filename(username)
+        with open(filename, 'rb') as sessionfile:
+            self.context.load_session_from_file(username, sessionfile)
+            self.context.log("Loaded session from %s." % filename)
+
+    def test_login(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Returns the Instagram username to which given :class:`requests.Session` object belongs, or None."""
+        return self.context.test_login()
+
+    def login(self, user: str, passwd: str) -> None:
+        """Log in to instagram with given username and password and internally store session object.
+
+        :raises InvalidArgumentException: If the provided username does not exist.
+        :raises BadCredentialsException: If the provided password is wrong.
+        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed."""
+        self.context.login(user, passwd)
+
+    def download_post(self, post: Post, target: str) -> bool:
+        """
+        Download everything associated with one instagram post node, i.e. picture, caption and video.
+
+        :param post: Post to download.
+        :param target: Target name, i.e. profile name, #hashtag, :feed; for filename.
+        :return: True if something was downloaded, False otherwise, i.e. file was already there
+        """
+
+        dirname = _PostPathFormatter(post).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
+        filename = dirname + '/' + _PostPathFormatter(post).format(self.filename_pattern, target=target)
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
+
+        # Download the image(s) / video thumbnail and videos within sidecars if desired
+        downloaded = False
+        if post.typename == 'GraphSidecar':
+            edge_number = 1
+            for sidecar_node in post.get_sidecar_nodes():
+                # Download picture or video thumbnail
+                if not sidecar_node.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
+                    downloaded |= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=sidecar_node.display_url,
+                                                    mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=str(edge_number))
+                # Additionally download video if available and desired
+                if sidecar_node.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
+                    downloaded |= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=sidecar_node.video_url,
+                                                    mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=str(edge_number))
+                edge_number += 1
+        elif post.typename == 'GraphImage':
+            downloaded = self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=post.url, mtime=post.date_local)
+        elif post.typename == 'GraphVideo':
+            if self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
+                downloaded = self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=post.url, mtime=post.date_local)
+        else:
+            self.context.error("Warning: {0} has unknown typename: {1}".format(post, post.typename))
+
+        # Save caption if desired
+        metadata_string = _ArbitraryItemFormatter(post).format(self.post_metadata_txt_pattern).strip()
+        if metadata_string:
+            self.save_caption(filename=filename, mtime=post.date_local, caption=metadata_string)
+
+        # Download video if desired
+        if post.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
+            downloaded |= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=post.video_url, mtime=post.date_local)
+
+        # Download geotags if desired
+        if self.download_geotags and post.location:
+            self.save_location(filename, post.location, post.date_local)
+
+        # Update comments if desired
+        if self.download_comments is True:
+            self.update_comments(filename=filename, post=post)
+
+        # Save metadata as JSON if desired.
+        if self.save_metadata is not False:
+            self.save_metadata_json(filename, post)
+
+        self.context.log()
+        return downloaded
+
+    @_requires_login
+    def get_stories(self, userids: Optional[List[int]] = None) -> Iterator[Story]:
+        """Get available stories from followees or all stories of users whose ID are given.
+        Does not mark stories as seen.
+        To use this, one needs to be logged in
+
+        :param userids: List of user IDs to be processed in terms of downloading their stories, or None.
+        """
+
+        if userids is None:
+            data = self.context.graphql_query("d15efd8c0c5b23f0ef71f18bf363c704",
+                                              {"only_stories": True})["data"]["user"]
+            if data is None:
+                raise BadResponseException('Bad stories reel JSON.')
+            userids = list(edge["node"]["id"] for edge in data["feed_reels_tray"]["edge_reels_tray_to_reel"]["edges"])
+
+        stories = self.context.graphql_query("bf41e22b1c4ba4c9f31b844ebb7d9056",
+                                             {"reel_ids": userids, "precomposed_overlay": False})["data"]
+
+        yield from (Story(self.context, media) for media in stories['reels_media'])
+
+    @_requires_login
+    def download_stories(self,
+                         userids: Optional[List[Union[int, Profile]]] = None,
+                         fast_update: bool = False,
+                         filename_target: Optional[str] = ':stories',
+                         storyitem_filter: Optional[Callable[[StoryItem], bool]] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Download available stories from user followees or all stories of users whose ID are given.
+        Does not mark stories as seen.
+        To use this, one needs to be logged in
+
+        :param userids: List of user IDs or Profiles to be processed in terms of downloading their stories
+        :param fast_update: If true, abort when first already-downloaded picture is encountered
+        :param filename_target: Replacement for {target} in dirname_pattern and filename_pattern
+               or None if profile name should be used instead
+        :param storyitem_filter: function(storyitem), which returns True if given StoryItem should be downloaded
+        """
+
+        if not userids:
+            self.context.log("Retrieving all visible stories...")
+
+        for user_story in self.get_stories([p if isinstance(p, int) else p.userid for p in userids]):
+            name = user_story.owner_username
+            self.context.log("Retrieving stories from profile {}.".format(name))
+            totalcount = user_story.itemcount
+            count = 1
+            for item in user_story.get_items():
+                if storyitem_filter is not None and not storyitem_filter(item):
+                    self.context.log("<{} skipped>".format(item), flush=True)
+                    continue
+                self.context.log("[%3i/%3i] " % (count, totalcount), end="", flush=True)
+                count += 1
+                with self.context.error_catcher('Download story from user {}'.format(name)):
+                    downloaded = self.download_storyitem(item, filename_target if filename_target else name)
+                    if fast_update and not downloaded:
+                        break
+
+    def download_storyitem(self, item: StoryItem, target: str) -> bool:
+        """Download one user story.
+
+        :param item: Story item, as in story['items'] for story in :meth:`get_stories`
+        :param target: Replacement for {target} in dirname_pattern and filename_pattern
+        :return: True if something was downloaded, False otherwise, i.e. file was already there
+        """
+
+        date_local = item.date_local
+        dirname = _PostPathFormatter(item).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
+        filename = dirname + '/' + _PostPathFormatter(item).format(self.filename_pattern, target=target)
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
+        downloaded = False
+        if not item.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
+            url = item.url
+            downloaded = self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=url, mtime=date_local)
+        if item.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
+            downloaded |= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=item.video_url, mtime=date_local)
+        # Save caption if desired
+        metadata_string = _ArbitraryItemFormatter(item).format(self.storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern).strip()
+        if metadata_string:
+            self.save_caption(filename=filename, mtime=item.date_local, caption=metadata_string)
+        # Save metadata as JSON if desired.
+        if self.save_metadata is not False:
+            self.save_metadata_json(filename, item)
+        self.context.log()
+        return downloaded
+
+    @_requires_login
+    def get_feed_posts(self) -> Iterator[Post]:
+        """Get Posts of the user's feed.
+
+        :return: Iterator over Posts of the user's feed.
+        """
+
+        data = self.context.graphql_query("d6f4427fbe92d846298cf93df0b937d3", {})["data"]
+
+        while True:
+            feed = data["user"]["edge_web_feed_timeline"]
+            yield from (Post(self.context, edge["node"]) for edge in feed["edges"]
+                        if not edge["node"]["__typename"] == "GraphSuggestedUserFeedUnit")
+            if not feed["page_info"]["has_next_page"]:
+                break
+            data = self.context.graphql_query("d6f4427fbe92d846298cf93df0b937d3",
+                                              {'fetch_media_item_count': 12,
+                                               'fetch_media_item_cursor': feed["page_info"]["end_cursor"],
+                                               'fetch_comment_count': 4,
+                                               'fetch_like': 10,
+                                               'has_stories': False})["data"]
+
+    @_requires_login
+    def download_feed_posts(self, max_count: int = None, fast_update: bool = False,
+                            post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Download pictures from the user's feed.
+
+        Example to download up to the 20 pics the user last liked::
+
+            loader = Instaloader()
+            loader.load_session_from_file('USER')
+            loader.download_feed_posts(max_count=20, fast_update=True,
+                                       post_filter=lambda post: post.viewer_has_liked)
+
+        :param max_count: Maximum count of pictures to download
+        :param fast_update: If true, abort when first already-downloaded picture is encountered
+        :param post_filter: function(post), which returns True if given picture should be downloaded
+        """
+        self.context.log("Retrieving pictures from your feed...")
+        count = 1
+        for post in self.get_feed_posts():
+            if max_count is not None and count > max_count:
+                break
+            name = post.owner_username
+            if post_filter is not None and not post_filter(post):
+                self.context.log("<pic by %s skipped>" % name, flush=True)
+                continue
+            self.context.log("[%3i] %s " % (count, name), end="", flush=True)
+            count += 1
+            with self.context.error_catcher('Download feed'):
+                downloaded = self.download_post(post, target=':feed')
+                if fast_update and not downloaded:
+                    break
+
+    @_requires_login
+    def download_saved_posts(self, max_count: int = None, fast_update: bool = False,
+                             post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None) -> None:
+        """Download user's saved pictures.
+
+        :param max_count: Maximum count of pictures to download
+        :param fast_update: If true, abort when first already-downloaded picture is encountered
+        :param post_filter: function(post), which returns True if given picture should be downloaded
+        """
+        self.context.log("Retrieving saved posts...")
+        count = 1
+        for post in Profile.from_username(self.context, self.context.username).get_saved_posts():
+            if max_count is not None and count > max_count:
+                break
+            if post_filter is not None and not post_filter(post):
+                self.context.log("<{} skipped>".format(post), flush=True)
+                continue
+            self.context.log("[{:>3}] ".format(count), end=str(), flush=True)
+            count += 1
+            with self.context.error_catcher('Download saved posts'):
+                downloaded = self.download_post(post, target=':saved')
+                if fast_update and not downloaded:
+                    break
+
+    @_requires_login
+    def get_explore_posts(self) -> Iterator[Post]:
+        """Get Posts which are worthy of exploring suggested by Instagram.
+
+        :return: Iterator over Posts of the user's suggested posts.
+        """
+        data = self.context.get_json('explore/', {})
+        yield from (Post(self.context, node)
+                    for node in self.context.graphql_node_list("df0dcc250c2b18d9fd27c5581ef33c7c",
+                                                               {}, 'https://www.instagram.com/explore/',
+                                                               lambda d: d['data']['user']['edge_web_discover_media'],
+                                                               data['rhx_gis']))
+
+    def get_hashtag_posts(self, hashtag: str) -> Iterator[Post]:
+        """Get Posts associated with a #hashtag."""
+        has_next_page = True
+        end_cursor = None
+        while has_next_page:
+            if end_cursor:
+                params = {'__a': 1, 'max_id': end_cursor}
+            else:
+                params = {'__a': 1}
+            hashtag_data = self.context.get_json('explore/tags/{0}/'.format(hashtag),
+                                                 params)['graphql']['hashtag']['edge_hashtag_to_media']
+            yield from (Post(self.context, edge['node']) for edge in hashtag_data['edges'])
+            has_next_page = hashtag_data['page_info']['has_next_page']
+            end_cursor = hashtag_data['page_info']['end_cursor']
+
+    def download_hashtag(self, hashtag: str,
+                         max_count: Optional[int] = None,
+                         post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
+                         fast_update: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Download pictures of one hashtag.
+
+        To download the last 30 pictures with hashtag #cat, do::
+
+            loader = Instaloader()
+            loader.download_hashtag('cat', max_count=30)
+
+        :param hashtag: Hashtag to download, without leading '#'
+        :param max_count: Maximum count of pictures to download
+        :param post_filter: function(post), which returns True if given picture should be downloaded
+        :param fast_update: If true, abort when first already-downloaded picture is encountered
+        """
+        hashtag = hashtag.lower()
+        self.context.log("Retrieving pictures with hashtag {}...".format(hashtag))
+        count = 1
+        for post in self.get_hashtag_posts(hashtag):
+            if max_count is not None and count > max_count:
+                break
+            self.context.log('[{0:3d}] #{1} '.format(count, hashtag), end='', flush=True)
+            if post_filter is not None and not post_filter(post):
+                self.context.log('<skipped>')
+                continue
+            count += 1
+            with self.context.error_catcher('Download hashtag #{}'.format(hashtag)):
+                downloaded = self.download_post(post, target='#' + hashtag)
+                if fast_update and not downloaded:
+                    break
+
+    def _get_id_filename(self, profile_name: str) -> str:
+        if ((format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
+             format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'target'))):
+            return '{0}/id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile_name.lower(),
+                                                               target=profile_name.lower()))
+        else:
+            return '{0}/{1}_id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), profile_name.lower())
+
+    def save_profile_id(self, profile: Profile):
+        """
+        Store ID of profile locally.
+        """
+        os.makedirs(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile.username,
+                                                target=profile.username), exist_ok=True)
+        with open(self._get_id_filename(profile.username), 'w') as text_file:
+            text_file.write(str(profile.userid) + "\n")
+            self.context.log("Stored ID {0} for profile {1}.".format(profile.userid, profile.username))
+
+    def check_profile_id(self, profile_name: str) -> Profile:
+        """
+        Consult locally stored ID of profile with given name, check whether ID matches and whether name
+        has changed and return current name of the profile, and store ID of profile.
+
+        :param profile_name: Profile name
+        :return: Instance of current profile
+        """
+        profile = None
+        with suppress(ProfileNotExistsException):
+            profile = Profile.from_username(self.context, profile_name)
+        profile_exists = profile is not None
+        id_filename = self._get_id_filename(profile_name)
+        try:
+            with open(id_filename, 'rb') as id_file:
+                profile_id = int(id_file.read())
+            if (not profile_exists) or \
+                    (profile_id != profile.userid):
+                if profile_exists:
+                    self.context.log("Profile {0} does not match the stored unique ID {1}.".format(profile_name,
+                                                                                                   profile_id))
+                else:
+                    self.context.log("Trying to find profile {0} using its unique ID {1}.".format(profile_name,
+                                                                                                  profile_id))
+                profile_from_id = Profile.from_id(self.context, profile_id)
+                newname = profile_from_id.username
+                self.context.log("Profile {0} has changed its name to {1}.".format(profile_name, newname))
+                if ((format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
+                     format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'target'))):
+                    os.rename(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile_name.lower(),
+                                                          target=profile_name.lower()),
+                              self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=newname.lower(),
+                                                          target=newname.lower()))
+                else:
+                    os.rename('{0}/{1}_id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), profile_name.lower()),
+                              '{0}/{1}_id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), newname.lower()))
+                return profile_from_id
+            return profile
+        except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
+            pass
+        if profile_exists:
+            self.save_profile_id(profile)
+            return profile
+        raise ProfileNotExistsException("Profile {0} does not exist.".format(profile_name))
+
+    def download_profile(self, profile_name: Union[str, Profile],
+                         profile_pic: bool = True, profile_pic_only: bool = False,
+                         fast_update: bool = False,
+                         download_stories: bool = False, download_stories_only: bool = False,
+                         post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
+                         storyitem_filter: Optional[Callable[[StoryItem], bool]] = None) -> None:
+        """Download one profile"""
+
+        # Get profile main page json
+        # check if profile does exist or name has changed since last download
+        # and update name and json data if necessary
+        if isinstance(profile_name, str):
+            profile = self.check_profile_id(profile_name.lower())
+        else:
+            profile = profile_name
+
+        profile_name = profile.username
+
+        # Save metadata as JSON if desired.
+        if self.save_metadata is not False:
+            json_filename = '{0}/{1}_{2}'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile_name, target=profile_name),
+                                                 profile_name, profile.userid)
+            self.save_metadata_json(json_filename, profile)
+
+        if self.context.is_logged_in and profile.has_blocked_viewer and not profile.is_private:
+            # raising ProfileNotExistsException invokes "trying again anonymously" logic
+            raise ProfileNotExistsException("Profile {} has blocked you".format(profile_name))
+
+        # Download profile picture
+        if profile_pic or profile_pic_only:
+            with self.context.error_catcher('Download profile picture of {}'.format(profile_name)):
+                self.download_profilepic(profile)
+        if profile_pic_only:
+            return
+
+        # Catch some errors
+        if profile.is_private:
+            if not self.context.is_logged_in:
+                raise LoginRequiredException("profile %s requires login" % profile_name)
+            if not profile.followed_by_viewer and \
+                    self.context.username != profile.username:
+                raise PrivateProfileNotFollowedException("Profile %s: private but not followed." % profile_name)
+        else:
+            if self.context.is_logged_in and not (download_stories or download_stories_only):
+                self.context.log("profile %s could also be downloaded anonymously." % profile_name)
+
+        # Download stories, if requested
+        if download_stories or download_stories_only:
+            if profile.has_viewable_story:
+                with self.context.error_catcher("Download stories of {}".format(profile_name)):
+                    self.download_stories(userids=[profile.userid], filename_target=profile_name,
+                                          fast_update=fast_update, storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter)
+            else:
+                self.context.log("{} does not have any stories.".format(profile_name))
+        if download_stories_only:
+            return
+
+        # Iterate over pictures and download them
+        self.context.log("Retrieving posts from profile {}.".format(profile_name))
+        totalcount = profile.mediacount
+        count = 1
+        for post in profile.get_posts():
+            self.context.log("[%3i/%3i] " % (count, totalcount), end="", flush=True)
+            count += 1
+            if post_filter is not None and not post_filter(post):
+                self.context.log('<skipped>')
+                continue
+            with self.context.error_catcher('Download profile {}'.format(profile_name)):
+                downloaded = self.download_post(post, target=profile_name)
+                if fast_update and not downloaded:
+                    break
+
+    def interactive_login(self, username: str) -> None:
+        """Logs in and internally stores session, asking user for password interactively.
+
+        :raises LoginRequiredException: when in quiet mode.
+        :raises InvalidArgumentException: If the provided username does not exist.
+        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed."""
+        if self.context.quiet:
+            raise LoginRequiredException("Quiet mode requires given password or valid session file.")
+        password = None
+        while password is None:
+            password = getpass.getpass(prompt="Enter Instagram password for %s: " % username)
+            try:
+                self.login(username, password)
+            except BadCredentialsException as err:
+                print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+                password = None

instaloader/instaloadercontext.py

@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+import hashlib
+import json
+import pickle
+import random
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import time
+import urllib.parse
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, Optional
+
+import requests
+import requests.utils
+import urllib3
+
+from .exceptions import *
+
+
+def copy_session(session: requests.Session) -> requests.Session:
+    """Duplicates a requests.Session."""
+    new = requests.Session()
+    new.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(session.cookies))
+    new.headers = session.headers.copy()
+    return new
+
+
+def default_user_agent() -> str:
+    return 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 ' \
+           '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/51.0.2704.79 Safari/537.36'
+
+
+class InstaloaderContext:
+    """Class providing methods for (error) logging and low-level communication with Instagram.
+
+    It is not thought to be instantiated directly, rather :class:`Instaloader` instances maintain a context
+    object.
+
+    For logging, it provides :meth:`log`, :meth:`error`, :meth:`error_catcher`.
+
+    It provides low-level communication routines :meth:`get_json`, :meth:`graphql_query`, :meth:`graphql_node_list`,
+    :meth:`get_and_write_raw` and implements mechanisms for rate controlling and error handling.
+
+    Further, it provides methods for logging in and general session handles, which are used by that routines in
+    class :class:`Instaloader`.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, sleep: bool = True, quiet: bool = False, user_agent: Optional[str] = None,
+                 graphql_count_per_slidingwindow: Optional[int] = None, max_connection_attempts: int = 3):
+
+        self.user_agent = user_agent if user_agent is not None else default_user_agent()
+        self._session = self.get_anonymous_session()
+        self.username = None
+        self.sleep = sleep
+        self.quiet = quiet
+        self.max_connection_attempts = max_connection_attempts
+        self._graphql_page_length = 50
+        self.graphql_count_per_slidingwindow = graphql_count_per_slidingwindow or 20
+        self._root_rhx_gis = None
+
+        # error log, filled with error() and printed at the end of Instaloader.main()
+        self.error_log = []
+
+        # For the adaption of sleep intervals (rate control)
+        self.query_timestamps = list()
+
+        # Can be set to True for testing, disables supression of InstaloaderContext._error_catcher
+        self.raise_all_errors = False
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def anonymous_copy(self):
+        session = self._session
+        username = self.username
+        self._session = self.get_anonymous_session()
+        self.username = None
+        yield self
+        self._session.close()
+        self.username = username
+        self._session = session
+
+    @property
+    def is_logged_in(self) -> bool:
+        """True, if this Instaloader instance is logged in."""
+        return bool(self.username)
+
+    def log(self, *msg, sep='', end='\n', flush=False):
+        """Log a message to stdout that can be suppressed with --quiet."""
+        if not self.quiet:
+            print(*msg, sep=sep, end=end, flush=flush)
+
+    def error(self, msg, repeat_at_end=True):
+        """Log a non-fatal error message to stderr, which is repeated at program termination.
+
+        :param msg: Message to be printed.
+        :param repeat_at_end: Set to false if the message should be printed, but not repeated at program termination."""
+        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
+        if repeat_at_end:
+            self.error_log.append(msg)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Print error log and close session"""
+        if self.error_log and not self.quiet:
+            print("\nErrors occured:", file=sys.stderr)
+            for err in self.error_log:
+                print(err, file=sys.stderr)
+        self._session.close()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def error_catcher(self, extra_info: Optional[str] = None):
+        """
+        Context manager to catch, print and record InstaloaderExceptions.
+
+        :param extra_info: String to prefix error message with."""
+        try:
+            yield
+        except InstaloaderException as err:
+            if extra_info:
+                self.error('{}: {}'.format(extra_info, err))
+            else:
+                self.error('{}'.format(err))
+            if self.raise_all_errors:
+                raise
+
+    def _default_http_header(self, empty_session_only: bool = False) -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """Returns default HTTP header we use for requests."""
+        header = {'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
+                  'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.8',
+                  'Connection': 'keep-alive',
+                  'Content-Length': '0',
+                  'Host': 'www.instagram.com',
+                  'Origin': 'https://www.instagram.com',
+                  'Referer': 'https://www.instagram.com/',
+                  'User-Agent': self.user_agent,
+                  'X-Instagram-AJAX': '1',
+                  'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'}
+        if empty_session_only:
+            del header['Host']
+            del header['Origin']
+            del header['Referer']
+            del header['X-Instagram-AJAX']
+            del header['X-Requested-With']
+        return header
+
+    def get_anonymous_session(self) -> requests.Session:
+        """Returns our default anonymous requests.Session object."""
+        session = requests.Session()
+        session.cookies.update({'sessionid': '', 'mid': '', 'ig_pr': '1',
+                                'ig_vw': '1920', 'csrftoken': '',
+                                's_network': '', 'ds_user_id': ''})
+        session.headers.update(self._default_http_header(empty_session_only=True))
+        return session
+
+    def save_session_to_file(self, sessionfile):
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.save_session_to_file`."""
+        pickle.dump(requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self._session.cookies), sessionfile)
+
+    def load_session_from_file(self, username, sessionfile):
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.load_session_from_file`."""
+        session = requests.Session()
+        session.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(pickle.load(sessionfile))
+        session.headers.update(self._default_http_header())
+        session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': session.cookies.get_dict()['csrftoken']})
+        self._session = session
+        self.username = username
+
+    def test_login(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.test_login`."""
+        data = self.graphql_query("d6f4427fbe92d846298cf93df0b937d3", {})
+        return data["data"]["user"]["username"] if data["data"]["user"] is not None else None
+
+    def login(self, user, passwd):
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.login`.
+
+        :raises InvalidArgumentException: If the provided username does not exist.
+        :raises BadCredentialsException: If the provided password is wrong.
+        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed."""
+        import http.client
+        # pylint:disable=protected-access
+        http.client._MAXHEADERS = 200
+        session = requests.Session()
+        session.cookies.update({'sessionid': '', 'mid': '', 'ig_pr': '1',
+                                'ig_vw': '1920', 'csrftoken': '',
+                                's_network': '', 'ds_user_id': ''})
+        session.headers.update(self._default_http_header())
+        session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': self.get_json('', {})['config']['csrf_token']})
+        # Not using self.get_json() here, because we need to access csrftoken cookie
+        self._sleep()
+        login = session.post('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/ajax/',
+                             data={'password': passwd, 'username': user}, allow_redirects=True)
+        if login.status_code != 200:
+            raise ConnectionException("Login error: {} {}".format(login.status_code, login.reason))
+        resp_json = login.json()
+        if resp_json['status'] != 'ok':
+            if 'message' in resp_json:
+                raise ConnectionException("Login error: \"{}\" status, message \"{}\".".format(resp_json['status'],
+                                                                                               resp_json['message']))
+            else:
+                raise ConnectionException("Login error: \"{}\" status.".format(resp_json['status']))
+        if not resp_json['authenticated']:
+            if resp_json['user']:
+                # '{"authenticated": false, "user": true, "status": "ok"}'
+                raise BadCredentialsException('Login error: Wrong password.')
+            else:
+                # '{"authenticated": false, "user": false, "status": "ok"}'
+                # Raise InvalidArgumentException rather than BadCredentialException, because BadCredentialException
+                # triggers re-asking of password in Instaloader.interactive_login(), which makes no sense if the
+                # username is invalid.
+                raise InvalidArgumentException('Login error: User {} does not exist.'.format(user))
+        # '{"authenticated": true, "user": true, "userId": ..., "oneTapPrompt": false, "status": "ok"}'
+        session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': login.cookies['csrftoken']})
+        self._session = session
+        self.username = user
+
+    def _sleep(self):
+        """Sleep a short time if self.sleep is set. Called before each request to instagram.com."""
+        if self.sleep:
+            time.sleep(min(random.expovariate(0.6), 5.0))
+
+    def get_json(self, path: str, params: Dict[str, Any], host: str = 'www.instagram.com',
+                 session: Optional[requests.Session] = None, _attempt=1) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """JSON request to Instagram.
+
+        :param path: URL, relative to the given domain which defaults to www.instagram.com/
+        :param params: GET parameters
+        :param host: Domain part of the URL from where to download the requested JSON; defaults to www.instagram.com
+        :param session: Session to use, or None to use self.session
+        :return: Decoded response dictionary
+        :raises QueryReturnedBadRequestException: When the server responds with a 400.
+        :raises QueryReturnedNotFoundException: When the server responds with a 404.
+        :raises ConnectionException: When query repeatedly failed.
+        """
+        def graphql_query_waittime(untracked_queries: bool = False) -> int:
+            sliding_window = 660
+            if not self.query_timestamps:
+                return sliding_window if untracked_queries else 0
+            current_time = time.monotonic()
+            self.query_timestamps = list(filter(lambda t: t > current_time - sliding_window, self.query_timestamps))
+            if len(self.query_timestamps) < self.graphql_count_per_slidingwindow and not untracked_queries:
+                return 0
+            return round(min(self.query_timestamps) + sliding_window - current_time) + 6
+        is_graphql_query = 'query_hash' in params and 'graphql/query' in path
+        # some queries are not rate limited if invoked anonymously:
+        query_not_limited = is_graphql_query and not self.is_logged_in \
+                            and params['query_hash'] in ['9ca88e465c3f866a76f7adee3871bdd8']
+        if is_graphql_query and not query_not_limited:
+            waittime = graphql_query_waittime()
+            if waittime > 0:
+                self.log('\nToo many queries in the last time. Need to wait {} seconds.'.format(waittime))
+                time.sleep(waittime)
+            if self.query_timestamps is not None:
+                self.query_timestamps.append(time.monotonic())
+            else:
+                self.query_timestamps = [time.monotonic()]
+        sess = session if session else self._session
+        try:
+            self._sleep()
+            resp = sess.get('https://{0}/{1}'.format(host, path), params=params, allow_redirects=False)
+            while resp.is_redirect:
+                redirect_url = resp.headers['location']
+                self.log('\nHTTP redirect from https://{0}/{1} to {2}'.format(host, path, redirect_url))
+                if redirect_url.startswith('https://{}/'.format(host)):
+                    resp = sess.get(redirect_url if redirect_url.endswith('/') else redirect_url + '/',
+                                    params=params, allow_redirects=False)
+                else:
+                    break
+            if resp.status_code == 400:
+                raise QueryReturnedBadRequestException("400 Bad Request")
+            if resp.status_code == 404:
+                raise QueryReturnedNotFoundException("404 Not Found")
+            if resp.status_code == 429:
+                raise TooManyRequestsException("429 Too Many Requests")
+            if resp.status_code != 200:
+                raise ConnectionException("HTTP error code {}.".format(resp.status_code))
+            is_html_query = not is_graphql_query and not "__a" in params and host == "www.instagram.com"
+            if is_html_query:
+                match = re.search(r'window\._sharedData = (.*);</script>', resp.text)
+                if match is None:
+                    raise ConnectionException("Could not find \"window._sharedData\" in html response.")
+                return json.loads(match.group(1))
+            else:
+                resp_json = resp.json()
+            if 'status' in resp_json and resp_json['status'] != "ok":
+                if 'message' in resp_json:
+                    raise ConnectionException("Returned \"{}\" status, message \"{}\".".format(resp_json['status'],
+                                                                                               resp_json['message']))
+                else:
+                    raise ConnectionException("Returned \"{}\" status.".format(resp_json['status']))
+            return resp_json
+        except (ConnectionException, json.decoder.JSONDecodeError, requests.exceptions.RequestException) as err:
+            error_string = "JSON Query to {}: {}".format(path, err)
+            if _attempt == self.max_connection_attempts:
+                raise ConnectionException(error_string) from err
+            self.error(error_string + " [retrying; skip with ^C]", repeat_at_end=False)
+            text_for_429 = ("HTTP error code 429 was returned because too many queries occured in the last time. "
+                            "Please do not use Instagram in your browser or run multiple instances of Instaloader "
+                            "in parallel.")
+            try:
+                if isinstance(err, TooManyRequestsException):
+                    print(textwrap.fill(text_for_429), file=sys.stderr)
+                    if is_graphql_query:
+                        waittime = graphql_query_waittime(untracked_queries=True)
+                        if waittime > 0:
+                            self.log('The request will be retried in {} seconds.'.format(waittime))
+                            time.sleep(waittime)
+                self._sleep()
+                return self.get_json(path=path, params=params, host=host, session=sess, _attempt=_attempt + 1)
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                self.error("[skipped by user]", repeat_at_end=False)
+                raise ConnectionException(error_string) from err
+
+    def graphql_query(self, query_hash: str, variables: Dict[str, Any],
+                      referer: Optional[str] = None, rhx_gis: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Do a GraphQL Query.
+
+        :param query_hash: Query identifying hash.
+        :param variables: Variables for the Query.
+        :param referer: HTTP Referer, or None.
+        :param rhx_gis: 'rhx_gis' variable as somewhere returned by Instagram, needed to 'sign' request
+        :return: The server's response dictionary.
+        """
+        with copy_session(self._session) as tmpsession:
+            tmpsession.headers.update(self._default_http_header(empty_session_only=True))
+            del tmpsession.headers['Connection']
+            del tmpsession.headers['Content-Length']
+            tmpsession.headers['authority'] = 'www.instagram.com'
+            tmpsession.headers['scheme'] = 'https'
+            tmpsession.headers['accept'] = '*/*'
+            if referer is not None:
+                tmpsession.headers['referer'] = urllib.parse.quote(referer)
+
+            variables_json = json.dumps(variables, separators=(',', ':'))
+
+            if rhx_gis:
+                #self.log("rhx_gis {} query_hash {}".format(rhx_gis, query_hash))
+                values = "{}:{}".format(rhx_gis, variables_json)
+                x_instagram_gis = hashlib.md5(values.encode()).hexdigest()
+                tmpsession.headers['x-instagram-gis'] = x_instagram_gis
+
+            resp_json = self.get_json('graphql/query',
+                                      params={'query_hash': query_hash,
+                                              'variables': variables_json},
+                                      session=tmpsession)
+        if 'status' not in resp_json:
+            self.error("GraphQL response did not contain a \"status\" field.")
+        return resp_json
+
+    def graphql_node_list(self, query_hash: str, query_variables: Dict[str, Any],
+                          query_referer: Optional[str],
+                          edge_extractor: Callable[[Dict[str, Any]], Dict[str, Any]],
+                          rhx_gis: Optional[str] = None,
+                          first_data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None) -> Iterator[Dict[str, Any]]:
+        """Retrieve a list of GraphQL nodes."""
+
+        def _query():
+            query_variables['first'] = self._graphql_page_length
+            try:
+                return edge_extractor(self.graphql_query(query_hash, query_variables, query_referer, rhx_gis))
+            except QueryReturnedBadRequestException:
+                new_page_length = int(self._graphql_page_length / 2)
+                if new_page_length >= 12:
+                    self._graphql_page_length = new_page_length
+                    self.error("HTTP Error 400 (Bad Request) on GraphQL Query. Retrying with shorter page length.",
+                               repeat_at_end=False)
+                    return _query()
+                else:
+                    raise
+
+        if first_data:
+            data = first_data
+        else:
+            data = _query()
+        yield from (edge['node'] for edge in data['edges'])
+        while data['page_info']['has_next_page']:
+            query_variables['after'] = data['page_info']['end_cursor']
+            data = _query()
+            yield from (edge['node'] for edge in data['edges'])
+
+    def get_and_write_raw(self, url: str, filename: str, _attempt=1) -> None:
+        """Downloads raw data.
+
+        :raises QueryReturnedNotFoundException: When the server responds with a 404.
+        :raises QueryReturnedForbiddenException: When the server responds with a 403.
+        :raises ConnectionException: When download repeatedly failed."""
+        try:
+            with self.get_anonymous_session() as anonymous_session:
+                resp = anonymous_session.get(url, stream=True)
+            if resp.status_code == 200:
+                self.log(filename, end=' ', flush=True)
+                with open(filename, 'wb') as file:
+                    resp.raw.decode_content = True
+                    shutil.copyfileobj(resp.raw, file)
+            else:
+                if resp.status_code == 403:
+                    # suspected invalid URL signature
+                    raise QueryReturnedForbiddenException("403 when accessing {}.".format(url))
+                if resp.status_code == 404:
+                    # 404 not worth retrying.
+                    raise QueryReturnedNotFoundException("404 when accessing {}.".format(url))
+                raise ConnectionException("HTTP error code {}.".format(resp.status_code))
+        except (urllib3.exceptions.HTTPError, requests.exceptions.RequestException, ConnectionException) as err:
+            error_string = "URL {}: {}".format(url, err)
+            if _attempt == self.max_connection_attempts:
+                raise ConnectionException(error_string) from err
+            self.error(error_string + " [retrying; skip with ^C]", repeat_at_end=False)
+            try:
+                self._sleep()
+                self.get_and_write_raw(url, filename, _attempt + 1)
+            except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                self.error("[skipped by user]", repeat_at_end=False)
+                raise ConnectionException(error_string) from err
+
+    @property
+    def root_rhx_gis(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """rhx_gis string returned in the / query."""
+        if self.is_logged_in:
+            # At the moment, rhx_gis seems to be required for anonymous requests only. By returning None when logged
+            # in, we can save the root_rhx_gis lookup query.
+            return None
+        if not self._root_rhx_gis:
+            self._root_rhx_gis = self.get_json('', {})['rhx_gis']
+        return self._root_rhx_gis

instaloader/structures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,919 @@
+import json
+import lzma
+import re
+from base64 import b64decode, b64encode
+from collections import namedtuple
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any, Dict, Iterator, List, Optional, Union
+
+from . import __version__
+from .exceptions import *
+from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext
+
+
+PostSidecarNode = namedtuple('PostSidecarNode', ['is_video', 'display_url', 'video_url'])
+PostSidecarNode.__doc__ = "Item of a Sidecar Post."
+PostSidecarNode.is_video.__doc__ = "Whether this node is a video."
+PostSidecarNode.display_url.__doc__ = "URL of image or video thumbnail."
+PostSidecarNode.video_url.__doc__ = "URL of video or None."
+
+PostComment = namedtuple('PostComment', ['id', 'created_at_utc', 'text', 'owner'])
+PostComment.id.__doc__ = "ID number of comment."
+PostComment.created_at_utc.__doc__ = ":class:`~datetime.datetime` when comment was created (UTC)."
+PostComment.text.__doc__ = "Comment text."
+PostComment.owner.__doc__ = "Owner :class:`Profile` of the comment."
+
+PostLocation = namedtuple('PostLocation', ['id', 'name', 'slug', 'has_public_page', 'lat', 'lng'])
+PostLocation.id.__doc__ = "ID number of location."
+PostLocation.name.__doc__ = "Location name."
+PostLocation.slug.__doc__ = "URL friendly variant of location name."
+PostLocation.has_public_page.__doc__ = "Whether location has a public page."
+PostLocation.lat.__doc__ = "Latitude (:class:`float`)."
+PostLocation.lng.__doc__ = "Longitude (:class:`float`)."
+
+
+class Post:
+    """
+    Structure containing information about an Instagram post.
+
+    Created by methods :meth:`Profile.get_posts`, :meth:`Instaloader.get_hashtag_posts`,
+    :meth:`Instaloader.get_feed_posts` and :meth:`Profile.get_saved_posts`, which return iterators of Posts::
+
+       L = Instaloader()
+       for post in L.get_hashtag_posts(HASHTAG):
+           L.download_post(post, target='#'+HASHTAG)
+
+    Might also be created with::
+
+       post = Post.from_shortcode(L.context, SHORTCODE)
+
+    This class unifies access to the properties associated with a post. It implements == and is
+    hashable.
+
+    :param context: :attr:`Instaloader.context` used for additional queries if neccessary..
+    :param node: Node structure, as returned by Instagram.
+    :param owner_profile: The Profile of the owner, if already known at creation.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, context: InstaloaderContext, node: Dict[str, Any],
+                 owner_profile: Optional['Profile'] = None):
+        assert 'shortcode' in node or 'code' in node
+
+        self._context = context
+        self._node = node
+        self._owner_profile = owner_profile
+        self._full_metadata_dict = None
+        self._rhx_gis_str = None
+        self._location = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_shortcode(cls, context: InstaloaderContext, shortcode: str):
+        """Create a post object from a given shortcode"""
+        # pylint:disable=protected-access
+        post = cls(context, {'shortcode': shortcode})
+        post._node = post._full_metadata
+        return post
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_mediaid(cls, context: InstaloaderContext, mediaid: int):
+        """Create a post object from a given mediaid"""
+        return cls.from_shortcode(context, Post.mediaid_to_shortcode(mediaid))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def shortcode_to_mediaid(code: str) -> int:
+        if len(code) > 11:
+            raise InvalidArgumentException("Wrong shortcode \"{0}\", unable to convert to mediaid.".format(code))
+        code = 'A' * (12 - len(code)) + code
+        return int.from_bytes(b64decode(code.encode(), b'-_'), 'big')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def mediaid_to_shortcode(mediaid: int) -> str:
+        if mediaid.bit_length() > 64:
+            raise InvalidArgumentException("Wrong mediaid {0}, unable to convert to shortcode".format(str(mediaid)))
+        return b64encode(mediaid.to_bytes(9, 'big'), b'-_').decode().replace('A', ' ').lstrip().replace(' ', 'A')
+
+    def _asdict(self):
+        node = self._node
+        if self._full_metadata_dict:
+            node.update(self._full_metadata_dict)
+        if self._owner_profile:
+            node['owner'] = self.owner_profile._asdict()
+        if self._location:
+            node['location'] = self._location._asdict()
+        return node
+
+    @property
+    def shortcode(self) -> str:
+        """Media shortcode. URL of the post is instagram.com/p/<shortcode>/."""
+        return self._node['shortcode'] if 'shortcode' in self._node else self._node['code']
+
+    @property
+    def mediaid(self) -> int:
+        """The mediaid is a decimal representation of the media shortcode."""
+        return int(self._node['id'])
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<Post {}>'.format(self.shortcode)
+
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(o, Post):
+            return self.shortcode == o.shortcode
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.shortcode)
+
+    def _obtain_metadata(self):
+        if not self._full_metadata_dict:
+            pic_json = self._context.get_json("p/{0}/".format(self.shortcode), params={})
+            self._full_metadata_dict = pic_json['entry_data']['PostPage'][0]['graphql']['shortcode_media']
+            self._rhx_gis_str = pic_json['rhx_gis']
+
+    @property
+    def _full_metadata(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        self._obtain_metadata()
+        return self._full_metadata_dict
+
+    @property
+    def _rhx_gis(self) -> str:
+        self._obtain_metadata()
+        return self._rhx_gis_str
+
+    def _field(self, *keys) -> Any:
+        """Lookups given fields in _node, and if not found in _full_metadata. Raises KeyError if not found anywhere."""
+        try:
+            d = self._node
+            for key in keys:
+                d = d[key]
+            return d
+        except KeyError:
+            d = self._full_metadata
+            for key in keys:
+                d = d[key]
+            return d
+
+    @property
+    def owner_profile(self) -> 'Profile':
+        """:class:`Profile` instance of the Post's owner."""
+        if not self._owner_profile:
+            if 'username' in self._node['owner']:
+                owner_struct = self._node['owner']
+            else:
+                # Sometimes, the 'owner' structure does not contain the username, only the user's ID.  In that case,
+                # this call triggers downloading of the complete Post metadata struct, where the owner username
+                # is contained.
+                # Note that we cannot use Profile.from_id() here since that would lead us into a recursion.
+                owner_struct = self._full_metadata['owner']
+            self._owner_profile = Profile(self._context, owner_struct)
+        return self._owner_profile
+
+    @property
+    def owner_username(self) -> str:
+        """The Post's lowercase owner name."""
+        return self.owner_profile.username
+
+    @property
+    def owner_id(self) -> int:
+        """The ID of the Post's owner."""
+        return self.owner_profile.userid
+
+    @property
+    def date_local(self) -> datetime:
+        """Timestamp when the post was created (local time zone)."""
+        return datetime.fromtimestamp(self._node["date"] if "date" in self._node else self._node["taken_at_timestamp"])
+
+    @property
+    def date_utc(self) -> datetime:
+        """Timestamp when the post was created (UTC)."""
+        return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._node["date"] if "date" in self._node else self._node["taken_at_timestamp"])
+
+    @property
+    def date(self) -> datetime:
+        """Synonym to :attr:`~Post.date_utc`"""
+        return self.date_utc
+
+    @property
+    def profile(self) -> str:
+        """Synonym to :attr:`~Post.owner_username`"""
+        return self.owner_username
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> str:
+        """URL of the picture / video thumbnail of the post"""
+        return self._node["display_url"] if "display_url" in self._node else self._node["display_src"]
+
+    @property
+    def typename(self) -> str:
+        """Type of post, GraphImage, GraphVideo or GraphSidecar"""
+        return self._field('__typename')
+
+    def get_sidecar_nodes(self) -> Iterator[PostSidecarNode]:
+        """Sidecar nodes of a Post with typename==GraphSidecar."""
+        if self.typename == 'GraphSidecar':
+            for edge in self._field('edge_sidecar_to_children', 'edges'):
+                node = edge['node']
+                is_video = node['is_video']
+                yield PostSidecarNode(is_video=is_video, display_url=node['display_url'],
+                                      video_url=node['video_url'] if is_video else None)
+
+    @property
+    def caption(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Caption."""
+        if "edge_media_to_caption" in self._node and self._node["edge_media_to_caption"]["edges"]:
+            return self._node["edge_media_to_caption"]["edges"][0]["node"]["text"]
+        elif "caption" in self._node:
+            return self._node["caption"]
+
+    @property
+    def caption_hashtags(self) -> List[str]:
+        """List of all lowercased hashtags (without preceeding #) that occur in the Post's caption."""
+        if not self.caption:
+            return []
+        # This regular expression is from jStassen, adjusted to use Python's \w to support Unicode
+        # http://blog.jstassen.com/2016/03/code-regex-for-instagram-username-and-hashtags/
+        hashtag_regex = re.compile(r"(?:#)(\w(?:(?:\w|(?:\.(?!\.))){0,28}(?:\w))?)")
+        return re.findall(hashtag_regex, self.caption.lower())
+
+    @property
+    def caption_mentions(self) -> List[str]:
+        """List of all lowercased profiles that are mentioned in the Post's caption, without preceeding @."""
+        if not self.caption:
+            return []
+        # This regular expression is from jStassen, adjusted to use Python's \w to support Unicode
+        # http://blog.jstassen.com/2016/03/code-regex-for-instagram-username-and-hashtags/
+        mention_regex = re.compile(r"(?:@)(\w(?:(?:\w|(?:\.(?!\.))){0,28}(?:\w))?)")
+        return re.findall(mention_regex, self.caption.lower())
+
+    @property
+    def tagged_users(self) -> List[str]:
+        """List of all lowercased users that are tagged in the Post."""
+        try:
+            return [edge['node']['user']['username'].lower() for edge in self._field('edge_media_to_tagged_user',
+                                                                                     'edges')]
+        except KeyError:
+            return []
+
+    @property
+    def is_video(self) -> bool:
+        """True if the Post is a video."""
+        return self._node['is_video']
+
+    @property
+    def video_url(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """URL of the video, or None."""
+        if self.is_video:
+            return self._field('video_url')
+
+    @property
+    def viewer_has_liked(self) -> Optional[bool]:
+        """Whether the viewer has liked the post, or None if not logged in."""
+        if not self._context.is_logged_in:
+            return None
+        if 'likes' in self._node and 'viewer_has_liked' in self._node['likes']:
+            return self._node['likes']['viewer_has_liked']
+        return self._field('viewer_has_liked')
+
+    @property
+    def likes(self) -> int:
+        """Likes count"""
+        return self._field('edge_media_preview_like', 'count')
+
+    @property
+    def comments(self) -> int:
+        """Comment count"""
+        return self._field('edge_media_to_comment', 'count')
+
+    def get_comments(self) -> Iterator[PostComment]:
+        """Iterate over all comments of the post.
+
+        Each comment is represented by a PostComment namedtuple with fields text (string), created_at (datetime),
+        id (int) and owner (:class:`Profile`).
+        """
+        def _postcomment(node):
+            return PostComment(id=int(node['id']),
+                               created_at_utc=datetime.utcfromtimestamp(node['created_at']),
+                               text=node['text'],
+                               owner=Profile(self._context, node['owner']))
+        if self.comments == 0:
+            # Avoid doing additional requests if there are no comments
+            return
+        comment_edges = self._field('edge_media_to_comment', 'edges')
+        if self.comments == len(comment_edges):
+            # If the Post's metadata already contains all comments, don't do GraphQL requests to obtain them
+            yield from (_postcomment(comment['node']) for comment in comment_edges)
+            return
+        yield from (_postcomment(node) for node in
+                    self._context.graphql_node_list("33ba35852cb50da46f5b5e889df7d159",
+                                                    {'shortcode': self.shortcode},
+                                                    'https://www.instagram.com/p/' + self.shortcode + '/',
+                                                    lambda d: d['data']['shortcode_media']['edge_media_to_comment'],
+                                                    self._rhx_gis))
+
+    def get_likes(self) -> Iterator['Profile']:
+        """Iterate over all likes of the post. A :class:`Profile` instance of each likee is yielded."""
+        if self.likes == 0:
+            # Avoid doing additional requests if there are no comments
+            return
+        likes_edges = self._field('edge_media_preview_like', 'edges')
+        if self.likes == len(likes_edges):
+            # If the Post's metadata already contains all likes, don't do GraphQL requests to obtain them
+            yield from (Profile(self._context, like['node']) for like in likes_edges)
+            return
+        yield from (Profile(self._context, node) for node in
+                    self._context.graphql_node_list("1cb6ec562846122743b61e492c85999f", {'shortcode': self.shortcode},
+                                                    'https://www.instagram.com/p/' + self.shortcode + '/',
+                                                    lambda d: d['data']['shortcode_media']['edge_liked_by'],
+                                                    self._rhx_gis))
+
+    @property
+    def location(self) -> Optional[PostLocation]:
+        """If the Post has a location, returns PostLocation namedtuple with fields 'id', 'lat' and 'lng' and 'name'."""
+        loc = self._field("location")
+        if self._location or not loc:
+            return self._location
+        location_id = int(loc['id'])
+        if any(k not in loc for k in ('name', 'slug', 'has_public_page', 'lat', 'lng')):
+            loc = self._context.get_json("explore/locations/{0}/".format(location_id),
+                                         params={'__a': 1})['graphql']['location']
+        self._location = PostLocation(location_id, loc['name'], loc['slug'], loc['has_public_page'],
+                                      loc['lat'], loc['lng'])
+        return self._location
+
+
+class Profile:
+    """
+    An Instagram Profile.
+
+    Provides methods for accessing profile properties, as well as :meth:`Profile.get_posts` and for own profile
+    :meth:`Profile.get_saved_posts`.
+
+    Get instances with :meth:`Post.owner_profile`, :meth:`StoryItem.owner_profile`, :meth:`Profile.get_followees`,
+    :meth:`Profile.get_followers` or::
+
+       L = Instaloader()
+       profile = Profile.from_username(L.context, USERNAME)
+
+    Provides :meth:`Profile.get_posts` and for own profile :meth:`Profile.get_saved_posts` to iterate over associated
+    :class:`Post` objects::
+
+       for post in profile.get_posts():
+           L.download_post(post, target=profile.username)
+
+    :meth:`Profile.get_followees` and :meth:`Profile.get_followers`::
+
+       print("{} follows these profiles:".format(profile.username))
+       for followee in profile.get_followees():
+           print(followee.username)
+
+    Also, this class implements == and is hashable.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, context: InstaloaderContext, node: Dict[str, Any]):
+        assert 'username' in node
+        self._context = context
+        self._has_public_story = None
+        self._node = node
+        self._rhx_gis = None
+        self._iphone_struct_ = None
+        if 'iphone_struct' in node:
+            # if loaded from JSON with load_structure_from_file()
+            self._iphone_struct_ = node['iphone_struct']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_username(cls, context: InstaloaderContext, username: str):
+        """Create a Profile instance from a given username, raise exception if it does not exist.
+
+        See also :meth:`Instaloader.check_profile_id`.
+
+        :param context: :attr:`Instaloader.context`
+        :param username: Username
+        :raises: :class:`ProfileNotExistsException`
+        """
+        # pylint:disable=protected-access
+        profile = cls(context, {'username': username.lower()})
+        profile._obtain_metadata()  # to raise ProfileNotExistException now in case username is invalid
+        return profile
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_id(cls, context: InstaloaderContext, profile_id: int):
+        """Create a Profile instance from a given userid. If possible, use :meth:`Profile.from_username`
+        or constructor directly rather than this method, since it does many requests.
+
+        :param context: :attr:`Instaloader.context`
+        :param profile_id: userid
+        :raises: :class:`ProfileNotExistsException`, :class:`ProfileHasNoPicsException`
+        """
+        data = context.graphql_query("472f257a40c653c64c666ce877d59d2b",
+                                     {'id': str(profile_id), 'first': 1},
+                                     rhx_gis=context.root_rhx_gis)['data']['user']
+        if data:
+            data = data["edge_owner_to_timeline_media"]
+        else:
+            raise ProfileNotExistsException("No profile found, the user may have blocked you (ID: " +
+                                            str(profile_id) + ").")
+        if not data['edges']:
+            if data['count'] == 0:
+                raise ProfileHasNoPicsException("Profile with ID {0}: no pics found.".format(str(profile_id)))
+            else:
+                raise LoginRequiredException("Login required to determine username (ID: " + str(profile_id) + ").")
+        return Post(context, data['edges'][0]['node']).owner_profile
+
+    def _asdict(self):
+        json_node = self._node.copy()
+        # remove posts
+        json_node.pop('edge_media_collections', None)
+        json_node.pop('edge_owner_to_timeline_media', None)
+        json_node.pop('edge_saved_media', None)
+        if self._iphone_struct_:
+            json_node['iphone_struct'] = self._iphone_struct_
+        return json_node
+
+    def _obtain_metadata(self):
+        try:
+            if not self._rhx_gis:
+                metadata = self._context.get_json('{}/'.format(self.username), params={})
+                self._node = metadata['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']
+                self._rhx_gis = metadata['rhx_gis']
+        except (QueryReturnedNotFoundException, KeyError) as err:
+            raise ProfileNotExistsException('Profile {} does not exist.'.format(self.username)) from err
+
+    def _metadata(self, *keys) -> Any:
+        try:
+            d = self._node
+            for key in keys:
+                d = d[key]
+            return d
+        except KeyError:
+            self._obtain_metadata()
+            d = self._node
+            for key in keys:
+                d = d[key]
+            return d
+
+    @property
+    def _iphone_struct(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        if not self._iphone_struct_:
+            with self._context.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_context:
+                data = anonymous_context.get_json(path='api/v1/users/{}/info/'.format(self.userid),
+                                                  params={}, host='i.instagram.com')
+            self._iphone_struct_ = data['user']
+        return self._iphone_struct_
+
+    @property
+    def userid(self) -> int:
+        """User ID"""
+        return int(self._metadata('id'))
+
+    @property
+    def username(self) -> str:
+        """Profile Name"""
+        return self._metadata('username').lower()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<Profile {} ({})>'.format(self.username, self.userid)
+
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(o, Profile):
+            return self.userid == o.userid
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.userid)
+
+    @property
+    def is_private(self) -> bool:
+        return self._metadata('is_private')
+
+    @property
+    def followed_by_viewer(self) -> bool:
+        return self._metadata('followed_by_viewer')
+
+    @property
+    def mediacount(self) -> int:
+        return self._metadata('edge_owner_to_timeline_media', 'count')
+
+    @property
+    def followers(self) -> int:
+        return self._metadata('edge_followed_by', 'count')
+
+    @property
+    def followees(self) -> int:
+        return self._metadata('edge_follow', 'count')
+
+    @property
+    def external_url(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._metadata('external_url')
+
+    @property
+    def biography(self) -> str:
+        return self._metadata('biography')
+
+    @property
+    def blocked_by_viewer(self) -> bool:
+        return self._metadata('blocked_by_viewer')
+
+    @property
+    def follows_viewer(self) -> bool:
+        return self._metadata('follows_viewer')
+
+    @property
+    def full_name(self) -> str:
+        return self._metadata('full_name')
+
+    @property
+    def has_blocked_viewer(self) -> bool:
+        return self._metadata('has_blocked_viewer')
+
+    @property
+    def has_highlight_reels(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Always returns `True` since :issue:`153`.
+
+        Before broken, this indicated whether the :class:`Profile` had available stories.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def has_public_story(self) -> bool:
+        if not self._has_public_story:
+            self._obtain_metadata()
+            # query not rate limited if invoked anonymously:
+            with self._context.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_context:
+                data = anonymous_context.graphql_query('9ca88e465c3f866a76f7adee3871bdd8',
+                                                       {'user_id': self.userid, 'include_chaining': False,
+                                                        'include_reel': False, 'include_suggested_users': False,
+                                                        'include_logged_out_extras': True,
+                                                        'include_highlight_reels': False},
+                                                       'https://www.instagram.com/{}/'.format(self.username),
+                                                       self._rhx_gis)
+            self._has_public_story = data['data']['user']['has_public_story']
+        return self._has_public_story
+
+    @property
+    def has_viewable_story(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        Some stories are private. This property determines if the :class:`Profile`
+        has at least one story which can be viewed using the associated :class:`InstaloaderContext`,
+        i.e. the viewer has privileges to view it.
+        """
+        return self.has_public_story or self.followed_by_viewer and self.has_highlight_reels
+
+    @property
+    def has_requested_viewer(self) -> bool:
+        return self._metadata('has_requested_viewer')
+
+    @property
+    def is_verified(self) -> bool:
+        return self._metadata('is_verified')
+
+    @property
+    def requested_by_viewer(self) -> bool:
+        return self._metadata('requested_by_viewer')
+
+    @property
+    def profile_pic_url(self) -> str:
+        """Return URL of profile picture"""
+        try:
+            return self._iphone_struct['hd_profile_pic_url_info']['url']
+        except (InstaloaderException, KeyError) as err:
+            self._context.error('{} Unable to fetch high quality profile pic.'.format(err))
+            return self._metadata("profile_pic_url_hd")
+
+    def get_profile_pic_url(self) -> str:
+        """.. deprecated:: 4.0.3
+
+	   Use :attr:`profile_pic_url`."""
+        return self.profile_pic_url
+
+    def get_posts(self) -> Iterator[Post]:
+        """Retrieve all posts from a profile."""
+        self._obtain_metadata()
+        yield from (Post(self._context, node, self) for node in
+                    self._context.graphql_node_list("472f257a40c653c64c666ce877d59d2b",
+                                                    {'id': self.userid},
+                                                    'https://www.instagram.com/{0}/'.format(self.username),
+                                                    lambda d: d['data']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media'],
+                                                    self._rhx_gis,
+                                                    self._metadata('edge_owner_to_timeline_media')))
+
+    def get_saved_posts(self) -> Iterator[Post]:
+        """Get Posts that are marked as saved by the user."""
+
+        if self.username != self._context.username:
+            raise LoginRequiredException("--login={} required to get that profile's saved posts.".format(self.username))
+
+        self._obtain_metadata()
+        yield from (Post(self._context, node) for node in
+                    self._context.graphql_node_list("f883d95537fbcd400f466f63d42bd8a1",
+                                                    {'id': self.userid},
+                                                    'https://www.instagram.com/{0}/'.format(self.username),
+                                                    lambda d: d['data']['user']['edge_saved_media'],
+                                                    self._rhx_gis,
+                                                    self._metadata('edge_saved_media')))
+
+    def get_tagged_posts(self) -> Iterator[Post]:
+        """Retrieve all posts where a profile is tagged."""
+        self._obtain_metadata()
+        yield from (Post(self._context, node, self) for node in
+                    self._context.graphql_node_list("e31a871f7301132ceaab56507a66bbb7",
+                                                    {'id': self.userid},
+                                                    'https://www.instagram.com/{0}/'.format(self.username),
+                                                    lambda d: d['data']['user']['edge_user_to_photos_of_you'],
+                                                    self._rhx_gis))
+
+    def get_followers(self) -> Iterator['Profile']:
+        """
+        Retrieve list of followers of given profile.
+        To use this, one needs to be logged in and private profiles has to be followed.
+        """
+        if not self._context.is_logged_in:
+            raise LoginRequiredException("--login required to get a profile's followers.")
+        self._obtain_metadata()
+        yield from (Profile(self._context, node) for node in
+                    self._context.graphql_node_list("37479f2b8209594dde7facb0d904896a",
+                                                    {'id': str(self.userid)},
+                                                    'https://www.instagram.com/' + self.username + '/',
+                                                    lambda d: d['data']['user']['edge_followed_by'],
+                                                    self._rhx_gis))
+
+    def get_followees(self) -> Iterator['Profile']:
+        """
+        Retrieve list of followees (followings) of given profile.
+        To use this, one needs to be logged in and private profiles has to be followed.
+        """
+        if not self._context.is_logged_in:
+            raise LoginRequiredException("--login required to get a profile's followees.")
+        self._obtain_metadata()
+        yield from (Profile(self._context, node) for node in
+                    self._context.graphql_node_list("58712303d941c6855d4e888c5f0cd22f",
+                                                    {'id': str(self.userid)},
+                                                    'https://www.instagram.com/' + self.username + '/',
+                                                    lambda d: d['data']['user']['edge_follow'],
+                                                    self._rhx_gis))
+
+
+class StoryItem:
+    """
+    Structure containing information about a user story item i.e. image or video.
+
+    Created by method :meth:`Story.get_items`. This class implements == and is hashable.
+
+    :param context: :class:`InstaloaderContext` instance used for additional queries if necessary.
+    :param node: Dictionary containing the available information of the story item.
+    :param owner_profile: :class:`Profile` instance representing the story owner.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, context: InstaloaderContext, node: Dict[str, Any], owner_profile: Optional[Profile] = None):
+        self._context = context
+        self._node = node
+        self._owner_profile = owner_profile
+
+    def _asdict(self):
+        node = self._node
+        if self._owner_profile:
+            node['owner'] = self._owner_profile._asdict()
+        return node
+
+    @property
+    def mediaid(self) -> int:
+        """The mediaid is a decimal representation of the media shortcode."""
+        return int(self._node['id'])
+
+    @property
+    def shortcode(self) -> str:
+        """Convert :attr:`~StoryItem.mediaid` to a shortcode-like string, allowing ``{shortcode}`` to be used with
+        :option:`--filename-pattern`."""
+        return Post.mediaid_to_shortcode(self.mediaid)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<StoryItem {}>'.format(self.mediaid)
+
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(o, StoryItem):
+            return self.mediaid == o.mediaid
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self.mediaid)
+
+    @property
+    def owner_profile(self) -> Profile:
+        """:class:`Profile` instance of the story item's owner."""
+        if not self._owner_profile:
+            self._owner_profile = Profile.from_id(self._context, self._node['owner']['id'])
+        return self._owner_profile
+
+    @property
+    def owner_username(self) -> str:
+        """The StoryItem owner's lowercase name."""
+        return self.owner_profile.username
+
+    @property
+    def owner_id(self) -> int:
+        """The ID of the StoryItem owner."""
+        return self.owner_profile.userid
+
+    @property
+    def date_local(self) -> datetime:
+        """Timestamp when the StoryItem was created (local time zone)."""
+        return datetime.fromtimestamp(self._node['taken_at_timestamp'])
+
+    @property
+    def date_utc(self) -> datetime:
+        """Timestamp when the StoryItem was created (UTC)."""
+        return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._node['taken_at_timestamp'])
+
+    @property
+    def date(self) -> datetime:
+        """Synonym to :attr:`~StoryItem.date_utc`"""
+        return self.date_utc
+
+    @property
+    def profile(self) -> str:
+        """Synonym to :attr:`~StoryItem.owner_username`"""
+        return self.owner_username
+
+    @property
+    def expiring_local(self) -> datetime:
+        """Timestamp when the StoryItem will get unavailable (local time zone)."""
+        return datetime.fromtimestamp(self._node['expiring_at_timestamp'])
+
+    @property
+    def expiring_utc(self) -> datetime:
+        """Timestamp when the StoryItem will get unavailable (UTC)."""
+        return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._node['expiring_at_timestamp'])
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> str:
+        """URL of the picture / video thumbnail of the StoryItem"""
+        return self._node['display_resources'][-1]['src']
+
+    @property
+    def typename(self) -> str:
+        """Type of post, GraphStoryImage or GraphStoryVideo"""
+        return self._node['__typename']
+
+    @property
+    def is_video(self) -> bool:
+        """True if the StoryItem is a video."""
+        return self._node['is_video']
+
+    @property
+    def video_url(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """URL of the video, or None."""
+        if self.is_video:
+            return self._node['video_resources'][-1]['src']
+
+
+class Story:
+    """
+    Structure representing a user story with its associated items.
+
+    Provides methods for accessing story properties, as well as :meth:`Story.get_items` to request associated
+    :class:`StoryItem` nodes. Stories are returned by :meth:`Instaloader.get_stories`.
+
+    With a logged-in :class:`Instaloader` instance `L`, you may download all your visible user stories with::
+
+       for story in L.get_stories():
+           # story is a Story object
+           for item in story.get_items():
+               # item is a StoryItem object
+               L.download_storyitem(item, ':stores')
+
+    This class implements == and is hashable.
+
+    :param context: :class:`InstaloaderContext` instance used for additional queries if necessary.
+    :param node: Dictionary containing the available information of the story as returned by Instagram.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, context: InstaloaderContext, node: Dict[str, Any]):
+        self._context = context
+        self._node = node
+        self._unique_id = None
+        self._owner_profile = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<Story by {} changed {:%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S_UTC}>'.format(self.owner_username, self.latest_media_utc)
+
+    def __eq__(self, o: object) -> bool:
+        if isinstance(o, Story):
+            return self.unique_id == o.unique_id
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return hash(self._unique_id)
+
+    @property
+    def unique_id(self) -> str:
+        """
+        This ID only equals amongst :class:`Story` instances which have the same owner and the same set of
+        :class:`StoryItem`. For all other :class:`Story` instances this ID is different.
+        """
+        if not self._unique_id:
+            id_list = [item.mediaid for item in self.get_items()]
+            id_list.sort()
+            self._unique_id = str().join([str(self.owner_id)] + list(map(str, id_list)))
+        return self._unique_id
+
+    @property
+    def last_seen_local(self) -> Optional[datetime]:
+        """Timestamp when the story has last been watched or None (local time zone)."""
+        if self._node['seen']:
+            return datetime.fromtimestamp(self._node['seen'])
+
+    @property
+    def last_seen_utc(self) -> Optional[datetime]:
+        """Timestamp when the story has last been watched or None (UTC)."""
+        if self._node['seen']:
+            return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._node['seen'])
+
+    @property
+    def latest_media_local(self) -> datetime:
+        """Timestamp when the last item of the story was created (local time zone)."""
+        return datetime.fromtimestamp(self._node['latest_reel_media'])
+
+    @property
+    def latest_media_utc(self) -> datetime:
+        """Timestamp when the last item of the story was created (UTC)."""
+        return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._node['latest_reel_media'])
+
+    @property
+    def itemcount(self) -> int:
+        """Count of items associated with the :class:`Story` instance."""
+        return len(self._node['items'])
+
+    @property
+    def owner_profile(self) -> Profile:
+        """:class:`Profile` instance of the story owner."""
+        if not self._owner_profile:
+            self._owner_profile = Profile(self._context, self._node['user'])
+        return self._owner_profile
+
+    @property
+    def owner_username(self) -> str:
+        """The story owner's lowercase username."""
+        return self.owner_profile.username
+
+    @property
+    def owner_id(self) -> int:
+        """The story owner's ID."""
+        return self.owner_profile.userid
+
+    def get_items(self) -> Iterator[StoryItem]:
+        """Retrieve all items from a story."""
+        yield from (StoryItem(self._context, item, self.owner_profile) for item in reversed(self._node['items']))
+
+
+JsonExportable = Union[Post, Profile, StoryItem]
+
+
+def save_structure_to_file(structure: JsonExportable, filename: str) -> None:
+    """Saves a :class:`Post`, :class:`Profile` or :class:`StoryItem` to a '.json' or '.json.xz' file such that it can
+    later be loaded by :func:`load_structure_from_file`.
+
+    If the specified filename ends in '.xz', the file will be LZMA compressed. Otherwise, a pretty-printed JSON file
+    will be created.
+
+    :param structure: :class:`Post`, :class:`Profile` or :class:`StoryItem`
+    :param filename: Filename, ends in '.json' or '.json.xz'
+    """
+    json_structure = {'node': structure._asdict(),
+                      'instaloader': {'version': __version__, 'node_type': structure.__class__.__name__}}
+    compress = filename.endswith('.xz')
+    if compress:
+        with lzma.open(filename, 'wt', check=lzma.CHECK_NONE) as fp:
+            json.dump(json_structure, fp=fp, separators=(',', ':'))
+    else:
+        with open(filename, 'wt') as fp:
+            json.dump(json_structure, fp=fp, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
+
+
+def load_structure_from_file(context: InstaloaderContext, filename: str) -> JsonExportable:
+    """Loads a :class:`Post`, :class:`Profile` or :class:`StoryItem` from a '.json' or '.json.xz' file that
+    has been saved by :func:`save_structure_to_file`.
+
+    :param context: :attr:`Instaloader.context` linked to the new object, used for additional queries if neccessary.
+    :param filename: Filename, ends in '.json' or '.json.xz'
+    """
+    compressed = filename.endswith('.xz')
+    if compressed:
+        fp = lzma.open(filename, 'rt')
+    else:
+        fp = open(filename, 'rt')
+    json_structure = json.load(fp)
+    fp.close()
+    if 'node' in json_structure and 'instaloader' in json_structure and \
+            'node_type' in json_structure['instaloader']:
+        node_type = json_structure['instaloader']['node_type']
+        if node_type == "Post":
+            return Post(context, json_structure['node'])
+        elif node_type == "Profile":
+            return Profile(context, json_structure['node'])
+        elif node_type == "StoryItem":
+            return StoryItem(context, json_structure['node'])
+        else:
+            raise InvalidArgumentException("{}: Not an Instaloader JSON.".format(filename))
+    elif 'shortcode' in json_structure:
+        # Post JSON created with Instaloader v3
+        return Post.from_shortcode(context, json_structure['shortcode'])
+    else:
+        raise InvalidArgumentException("{}: Not an Instaloader JSON.".format(filename))

setup.py

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ SRC = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
 
 
 def get_version():
-    with open(os.path.join(SRC, 'instaloader.py')) as f:
+    with open(os.path.join(SRC, 'instaloader/__init__.py')) as f:
         for line in f:
             m = re.match("__version__ = '(.*)'", line)
             if m:
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ keywords = (['instagram', 'instagram-scraper', 'instagram-client', 'instagram-fe
 setup(
     name='instaloader',
     version=get_version(),
-    py_modules=['instaloader'],
-    url='https://instaloader.readthedocs.io/',
+    packages=['instaloader'],
+    url='https://instaloader.github.io/',
     license='MIT',
     author='Alexander Graf, André Koch-Kramer',
     author_email='mail@agraf.me, koch-kramer@web.de',
@@ -47,17 +47,19 @@ setup(
     long_description=open(os.path.join(SRC, 'README.rst')).read(),
     install_requires=requirements,
     python_requires='>=3.5',
-    entry_points={'console_scripts': ['instaloader=instaloader:main']},
+    entry_points={'console_scripts': ['instaloader=instaloader.__main__:main']},
     zip_safe=True,
     keywords=keywords,
     classifiers=[
         'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
         'Environment :: Console',
         'Intended Audience :: End Users/Desktop',
+        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
         'License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License',
         'Operating System :: OS Independent',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
+        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
         'Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only',
         'Topic :: Internet',
         'Topic :: Multimedia :: Graphics'

test/instaloader_unittests.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+"""Unit Tests for Instaloader"""
+
+import os
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+from itertools import islice
+
+import instaloader
+
+PUBLIC_PROFILE = "selenagomez"
+PUBLIC_PROFILE_ID = 460563723
+HASHTAG = "kitten"
+OWN_USERNAME = "aandergr"
+NORMAL_MAX_COUNT = 2
+PAGING_MAX_COUNT = 15
+PRIVATE_PROFILE = "aandergr"
+
+# Preserve query timestamps (rate control) between tests to not get rate limited
+instaloadercontext_query_timestamps = list()
+
+
+class TestInstaloaderAnonymously(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+        print("Testing in {}".format(self.dir))
+        os.chdir(self.dir)
+        self.L = instaloader.Instaloader(download_geotags=True,
+                                         download_comments=True,
+                                         save_metadata=True)
+        self.L.context.raise_all_errors = True
+        self.L.context.query_timestamps = instaloadercontext_query_timestamps
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        global instaloadercontext_query_timestamps
+        instaloadercontext_query_timestamps = self.L.context.query_timestamps
+        self.L.close()
+        os.chdir('/')
+        print("Removing {}".format(self.dir))
+        shutil.rmtree(self.dir)
+
+    def post_paging_test(self, iterator):
+        previous_post = None
+        for post in islice(iterator, PAGING_MAX_COUNT):
+            print(post)
+            if previous_post:
+                self.assertTrue(post.date_utc < previous_post.date_utc)
+            previous_post = post
+
+    @unittest.SkipTest
+    def test_public_profile_download(self):
+        self.L.download_profile(PUBLIC_PROFILE, profile_pic=False, fast_update=True)
+        self.L.download_profile(PUBLIC_PROFILE, profile_pic=False, fast_update=True)
+
+    def test_public_profile_paging(self):
+        self.post_paging_test(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).get_posts())
+
+    def test_profile_pic_download(self):
+        self.L.download_profile(PUBLIC_PROFILE, profile_pic_only=True)
+
+    def test_hashtag_download(self):
+        self.L.download_hashtag(HASHTAG, NORMAL_MAX_COUNT)
+
+    def test_get_id_by_username(self):
+        self.assertEqual(PUBLIC_PROFILE_ID,
+                         instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).userid)
+
+    def test_get_username_by_id(self):
+        self.assertEqual(PUBLIC_PROFILE.lower(),
+                         instaloader.Profile.from_id(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE_ID).username)
+
+    def test_post_from_mediaid(self):
+        for post in instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).get_posts():
+            post2 = instaloader.Post.from_mediaid(self.L.context, post.mediaid)
+            self.assertEqual(post, post2)
+            break
+
+    def test_public_profile_tagged_paging(self):
+        for post in islice(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).get_tagged_posts(),
+                           PAGING_MAX_COUNT):
+            print(post)
+
+
+class TestInstaloaderLoggedIn(TestInstaloaderAnonymously):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        super().setUp()
+        self.L.load_session_from_file(OWN_USERNAME)
+
+    @unittest.SkipTest
+    def test_stories_download(self):
+        self.L.download_stories()
+
+    @unittest.SkipTest
+    def test_private_profile_download(self):
+        self.L.download_profile(PRIVATE_PROFILE, download_stories=True)
+
+    def test_stories_paging(self):
+        for user_story in self.L.get_stories():
+            print("profile {}.".format(user_story.owner_username))
+            for item in user_story.get_items():
+                print(item)
+
+    def test_private_profile_paging(self):
+        self.post_paging_test(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PRIVATE_PROFILE).get_posts())
+
+    def test_feed_download(self):
+        self.L.download_feed_posts(NORMAL_MAX_COUNT)
+
+    def test_feed_paging(self):
+        for count, post in enumerate(self.L.get_feed_posts()):
+            print(post)
+            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
+                break
+
+    def test_saved_download(self):
+        self.L.download_saved_posts(NORMAL_MAX_COUNT)
+
+    def test_saved_paging(self):
+        for count, post in enumerate(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME).get_saved_posts()):
+            print(post)
+            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
+                break
+
+    def test_test_login(self):
+        self.assertEqual(OWN_USERNAME, self.L.test_login())
+
+    def test_followees_and_stories(self):
+        profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME)
+        for f in islice(profile.get_followees(), PAGING_MAX_COUNT):
+            self.L.download_profile(f.username, profile_pic=False, download_stories_only=True)
+
+    def test_get_followees(self):
+        profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME)
+        for f in profile.get_followees():
+            print(f.username)
+
+    def test_get_followers(self):
+        profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME)
+        for f in profile.get_followers():
+            print(f.username)
+
+    def test_get_username_by_id(self):
+        self.assertEqual(PUBLIC_PROFILE.lower(),
+                         instaloader.Profile.from_id(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE_ID).username)
+
+    def test_get_likes(self):
+        for post in instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME).get_posts():
+            for like in post.get_likes():
+                print(like.username)
+            break
+
+    def test_explore_paging(self):
+        for count, post in enumerate(self.L.get_explore_posts()):
+            print(post)
+            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
+                break
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()