Release of version 4.1

Closes #173.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+name: Bug report
+about: Create a report to help us improve
+
+---
+
+**Describe the bug**
+A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
+
+**To Reproduce**
+Steps to reproduce the behavior:
+(e.g. Instaloader command line)
+
+**Expected behavior**
+A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen (if not obvious).
+
+**Error messages and tracebacks**
+If applicable, add error messages and tracebacks to help explain your problem.
+
+**Instaloader version**
+`instaloader --version` output.
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context about the problem here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+---
+name: Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for this project
+
+---
+
+**Provide us a use case of the feature**
+How could the user invoke the new function? Which problem would it solve? If new information is obtained, how would it be further processed?
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like**
+A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Additional context**
+Add any other context about the feature request here.

.travis.yml

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ install:
  - pip install pylint requests
  - pip install -r docs/requirements.txt
 script:
- - python3 -m pylint -r n -d bad-whitespace,missing-docstring,too-many-arguments,locally-disabled,line-too-long,too-many-public-methods,too-many-lines,too-many-instance-attributes,too-many-locals,too-many-branches,too-many-statements,inconsistent-return-statements,invalid-name,wildcard-import,unused-wildcard-import instaloader
+ - python3 -m pylint -r n -d bad-whitespace,missing-docstring,too-many-arguments,locally-disabled,line-too-long,too-many-public-methods,too-many-lines,too-many-instance-attributes,too-many-locals,too-many-branches,too-many-statements,inconsistent-return-statements,invalid-name,wildcard-import,unused-wildcard-import,no-else-return instaloader
- - make -C docs html
+ - make -C docs html SPHINXOPTS="-W -n"
 deploy:
   - provider: pypi
     user: aandergr

AUTHORS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Authors
+=======
+
+Instaloader is written by
+
+- Alexander Graf (@aandergr)
+- André Koch-Kramer (@Thammus)
+- Lars Lindqvist (@e5150)

README.rst

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 ::
 
-    instaloader [--comments] [--geotags] [--stories]
+    instaloader [--comments] [--geotags] [--stories] [--highlights] [--tagged]
                 [--login YOUR-USERNAME] [--fast-update]
                 profile | "#hashtag" | :stories | :feed | :saved
 
@@ -75,6 +75,24 @@ Disclaimer
 Instaloader is in no way affiliated with, authorized, maintained or endorsed by Instagram or any of its affiliates or
 subsidiaries. This is an independent and unofficial project. Use at your own risk.
 
+Instaloader is licensed under an MIT license. Refer to ``LICENSE`` file for more information.
+
 .. disclaimer-end
 
-Instaloader is licensed under an MIT license. Refer to ``LICENSE`` file for more information.
+Contributing
+------------
+
+As an open source project, Instaloader heavily depends on the contributions from
+its community. See
+`contributing <https://instaloader.github.io/contributing.html>`__
+for how you may help Instaloader to become an even greater tool.
+
+It is a pleasure for us to share our Instaloader to the world, and we are proud
+to have attracted such an active and motivating community, with so many users
+who share their suggestions and ideas with us. Buying a community-sponsored beer
+or coffee from time to time is very likely to further raise our passion for the
+development of Instaloader.
+
+| For Donations, we provide a PayPal.Me link and a Bitcoin address.
+|  PayPal: `PayPal.me/aandergr <https://www.paypal.me/aandergr>`__
+|  BTC: 1Nst4LoadeYzrKjJ1DX9CpbLXBYE9RKLwY

docs/_static/style.css

@@ -10,3 +10,19 @@ dd {
 dl.option dd {
     padding-left: 12px;
 }
+
+a {
+    color: #008d06;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+    color: #f48400;
+}
+
+body {
+    font-size: 16px;
+}
+
+.versionmodified {
+    font-size: 14px;
+}

docs/_templates/navbar.html

@@ -50,6 +50,8 @@
                   <li><a href="https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader">Instaloader on GitHub</a></li>
                   <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
                   <li style="padding-left: 20px;"><a class="github-button" href="https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader" data-icon="octicon-star" data-size="large" data-show-count="true" aria-label="Star Instaloader on GitHub">Star</a></li>
+                  <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
+                  <li><a href="https://www.paypal.me/aandergr"><b>Donate (via Paypal)</b></a></li>
                 </ul>
               </li>
             </ul>

docs/as-module.rst

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ metadata of a Profile. :class:`Profile` instances can be created with:
 
      profile = Profile.from_username(L.context, USERNAME)
 
-- :meth:`Profile_from_userid`
+- :meth:`Profile.from_id`
    given its User ID. This allows to easily lookup a Profile's username given
    its ID::
 
@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ metadata of a Profile. :class:`Profile` instances can be created with:
 A reference of the many methods provided by the :mod:`instaloader` module is
 provided in the remainder of this document.
 
+For a list of real code examples using the Instaloader module for advanced
+tasks, see :ref:`codesnippets`.
+
 ``Instaloader`` (Main Class)
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -116,15 +119,12 @@ Additionally, the following trivial structures are defined:
 
 .. autoclass:: PostSidecarNode
    :no-show-inheritance:
-   :no-members:
 
 .. autoclass:: PostComment
    :no-show-inheritance:
-   :no-members:
 
 .. autoclass:: PostLocation
    :no-show-inheritance:
-   :no-members:
 
 User Stories
 """"""""""""
@@ -135,6 +135,17 @@ User Stories
 .. autoclass:: StoryItem
    :no-show-inheritance:
 
+Highlights
+""""""""""
+
+.. autoclass:: Highlight
+   :no-show-inheritance:
+   :inherited-members:
+
+   Bases: :class:`Story`
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.1
+
 Profiles
 """"""""
 
@@ -154,9 +165,15 @@ to/from JSON files.
 Exceptions
 ^^^^^^^^^^
 
+.. currentmodule:: instaloader.exceptions
+
 .. autoexception:: InstaloaderException
    :no-show-inheritance:
 
+.. autoexception:: ConnectionException
+
+.. currentmodule:: instaloader
+
 .. autoexception:: QueryReturnedBadRequestException
 
 .. autoexception:: QueryReturnedNotFoundException
@@ -177,8 +194,6 @@ Exceptions
 
 .. autoexception:: BadCredentialsException
 
-.. autoexception:: ConnectionException
-
 .. autoexception:: TooManyRequestsException
 
 ``InstaloaderContext`` (Low-level functions)

docs/basic-usage.rst

@@ -60,15 +60,30 @@ already have a valid session cookie file.
 What to Download
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
+.. targets-start
+
 Instaloader supports the following targets:
 
 - ``profile``
-   Public profile, or private profile with :option:`--login`. For each profile
+   Public profile, or private profile with :option:`--login`.
-   you download, :option:`--stories` instructs Instaloader to also
+
-   **download the user's stories**.
+   If an already-downloaded profile has been renamed, Instaloader automatically
+   finds it by its unique ID and renames the folder accordingly.
+
+   Besides the profile's posts, its current profile picture is downloaded. For
+   each profile you download,
+
+   - :option:`--stories`
+      instructs Instaloader to also **download the user's stories**,
+
+   - :option:`--highlights`
+      to **download highlights of each profile that is downloaded**, and
+
+   - :option:`--tagged`
+      to **download posts where the user is tagged**.
 
 - ``"#hashtag"``
-   Posts with a certain **hashtag** (the quotes are usually neccessary),
+   Posts with a certain **hashtag** (the quotes are usually necessary),
 
 - ``:stories``
    The currently-visible **stories** of your followees (requires
@@ -84,6 +99,14 @@ Instaloader supports the following targets:
    All profiles that are followed by ``profile``, i.e. the *followees* of
    ``profile`` (requires :option:`--login`).
 
+- ``-post``
+   The single **post** with the given shortcode. Must be preceeded by ``--`` in
+   the argument list to not be mistaken as an option flag.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.1
+
+.. targets-end
+
 Instaloader goes through all media matching the specified targets and
 downloads the pictures and videos and their captions. You can specify
 
@@ -158,7 +181,7 @@ Filter Posts
 .. py:currentmodule:: instaloader
 
 The options :option:`--post-filter` and :option:`--storyitem-filter`
-allows to specify criterias that posts or story items have to
+allows to specify criteria that posts or story items have to
 meet to be downloaded. If not given, all posts are downloaded.
 
 The filter string must be a
@@ -169,11 +192,6 @@ where the attributes from :class:`Post` or
 Id est, the following attributes can be used with both
 :option:`--post-filter` and :option:`--storyitem-filter`:
 
-- :attr:`~Post.is_video` (bool)
-   Post/StoryItem is a video. For example, you may skip videos::
-
-      instaloader --post-filter="not is_video" target
-
 - :attr:`~Post.owner_username` (str), :attr:`~Post.owner_id` (int)
    Owner profile username / userid.
 
@@ -183,6 +201,15 @@ Id est, the following attributes can be used with both
 
       instaloader --post-filter="date_utc <= datetime(2018, 5, 31)" target
 
+- :attr:`~Post.is_video` (bool)
+   Post/StoryItem is a video. For example, you may skip videos::
+
+      instaloader --post-filter="not is_video" target
+
+   This is not the same as :option:`--no-videos` and
+   :option:`--no-video-thumbnails`, since sidecar posts (posts that contain
+   multiple pictures/videos in one post) have this attribute set to False.
+
 As :option:`--post-filter`, the following attributes can be used additionally:
 
 - :attr:`~Post.viewer_has_liked` (bool)
@@ -273,3 +300,6 @@ consider taking a look at the :ref:`python-module-instaloader`.
 Instaloader exposes its internally used methods and structures, making it a
 powerful and intuitive Python API for Instagram, allowing to further customize
 obtaining media and metadata.
+
+Also see :ref:`codesnippets`, where we collect example scripts that use
+Instaloader to achieve more complex tasks.

docs/cli-options.rst

@@ -13,27 +13,41 @@ feed), ``:stories`` (stories of your followees) or ``:saved`` (collection of
 posts marked as saved).
 
 Here we explain the additional options that can be given to Instaloader to
-customize its behavior.  To get a list of all flags, their abbreviations and
+customize its behavior.  For an
-their descriptions, you may also run ``instaloader --help``.  For an
 introduction on how to use Instaloader, see
 :ref:`download-pictures-from-instagram`.
 
-What to Download
+To get a list of all flags, their abbreviations and
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+their descriptions, you may also run::
 
-Specify a list of targets (profiles, #hashtags, ``:feed``, ``:stories`` or
+   instaloader --help
-``:saved``). For each of these, Instaloader creates a folder and stores all
-posts along with the pictures's captions and the current **profile picture**
-there. If an already-downloaded profile has been renamed, Instaloader
-automatically **finds it by its unique ID** and renames the folder likewise.
 
-.. option:: --profile-pic-only, -P
+Targets
+^^^^^^^
 
-   Only download profile picture.
+Specify a list of targets. For each of these, Instaloader creates a folder and
+stores all posts along with the pictures's captions there.
 
-.. option:: --no-profile-pic
+.. include:: basic-usage.rst
+   :start-after: targets-start
+   :end-before: targets-end
 
-   Do not download profile picture.
+- ``filename.json[.xz]``
+   Re-Download the given object
+
+- ``+args.txt``
+   Read targets (and options) from given textfile. See :option:`+args.txt`.
+
+What to Download of each Post
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. option:: --no-pictures
+
+   Do not download post pictures. Cannot be used together with
+   :option:`--fast-update`. Implies :option:`--no-video-thumbnails`, does not
+   imply :option:`--no-videos`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.1
 
 .. option:: --no-videos, -V
 
@@ -69,11 +83,6 @@ automatically **finds it by its unique ID** and renames the folder likewise.
    Template to write in txt file for each StoryItem. See
    :ref:`metadata-text-files`.
 
-.. option:: --stories, -s
-
-   Also **download stories** of each profile that is downloaded. Requires
-   :option:`--login`.
-
 .. option:: --no-metadata-json
 
    Do not create a JSON file containing the metadata of each post.
@@ -82,12 +91,68 @@ automatically **finds it by its unique ID** and renames the folder likewise.
 
    Do not xz compress JSON files, rather create pretty formatted JSONs.
 
+
+What to Download of each Profile
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. option:: --profile-pic-only, -P
+
+   .. deprecated:: 4.1
+      Use :option:`--no-posts`.
+
+   Only download profile picture.
+
+.. option:: --no-posts
+
+   Do not download regular posts.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.1
+
+.. option:: --no-profile-pic
+
+   Do not download profile picture.
+
+.. option:: --stories, -s
+
+   Also **download stories** of each profile that is downloaded. Requires
+   :option:`--login`.
+
+.. option:: --highlights
+
+   Also **download highlights** of each profile that is downloaded. Requires
+   :option:`--login`.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.1
+
+.. option:: --tagged
+
+   Also download posts where each profile is tagged.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.1
+
 .. option:: --stories-only
 
+   .. deprecated:: 4.1
+      Use :option:`--stories` :option:`--no-posts`.
+
    Rather than downloading regular posts of each specified profile, only
    download stories.  Requires :option:`--login`. Does not imply
    :option:`--no-profile-pic`.
 
+   .. note::
+
+      If possible, use ``:stories`` target rather than :option:`--stories-only`
+      with all your followees. ``:stories`` uses fewer API requests.
+
+Which Posts to Download
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. option:: --fast-update, -F
+
+   For each target, stop when encountering the first already-downloaded picture.
+   This flag is recommended when you use Instaloader to update your personal
+   Instagram archive.
+
 .. option:: --post-filter filter, --only-if filter
 
    Expression that, if given, must evaluate to True for each post to be
@@ -103,20 +168,6 @@ automatically **finds it by its unique ID** and renames the folder likewise.
    evaluated to :class:`instaloader.StoryItem` attributes.
    See :ref:`filter-posts` for more examples.
 
-
-
-When to Stop Downloading
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-If none of these options are given, Instaloader goes through all pictures
-matching the specified targets.
-
-.. option:: --fast-update, -F
-
-   For each target, stop when encountering the first already-downloaded picture.
-   This flag is recommended when you use Instaloader to update your personal
-   Instagram archive.
-
 .. option:: --count COUNT, -c
 
    Do not attempt to download more than COUNT posts.  Applies only to
@@ -187,3 +238,21 @@ Miscellaneous Options
    Disable user interaction, i.e. do not print messages (except errors) and fail
    if login credentials are needed but not given.
    This is handy for running :ref:`instaloader-as-cronjob`.
+
+.. option:: +args.txt
+
+   Read arguments from file `args.txt`, a shortcut to provide argument from
+   file rather than command-line. This provide a convient way to hide login
+   info from CLI. and also can use for simplify managment of long arguments.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      text file should separate arg with line break.
+
+      args.txt example::
+
+         --login MYUSENAME
+         --password MYPASSWORD
+         --fast-update
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.1

docs/codesnippets.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+.. _codesnippets:
+
+Advanced Instaloader Examples
+=============================
+
+.. currentmodule:: instaloader
+
+.. highlight:: python
+
+.. contents::
+   :backlinks: none
+
+Here we present code examples that use the :ref:`python-module-instaloader` for
+more advanced Instagram downloading or metadata mining than what is possible
+with the Instaloader command line interface.
+
+The scripts presented here can be downloaded from our source tree:
+`instaloader/docs/codesnippets/ <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/tree/master/docs/codesnippets>`__
+
+.. For each code snippet:
+   - title
+   - brief description of what it does / motivation / how it works
+   - code, or link to code
+   - link to discussion issue
+   - link used methods
+
+Download Posts in a Specific Period
+-----------------------------------
+
+To only download Instagram pictures (and metadata) that are within a specific
+period, you can play around with :func:`~itertools.dropwhile` and
+:func:`~itertools.takewhile` from :mod:`itertools` like in this snippet.
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/121_since_until.py
+
+See also :class:`Post`, :meth:`Instaloader.download_post`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`121`.
+
+Likes of a Profile / Ghost Followers
+------------------------------------
+
+To obtain a list of your inactive followers, i.e. followers that did not like
+any of your pictures, into a file you can use this approach.
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/120_ghost_followers.py
+
+See also :meth:`Profile.get_posts`, :meth:`Post.get_likes`,
+:meth:`Profile.get_followers`, :meth:`Instaloader.load_session_from_file`,
+:meth:`Profile.from_username`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`120`.
+
+Track Deleted Posts
+-------------------
+
+This script uses Instaloader to obtain a list of currently-online Instagram and
+compares it with the set of posts that you already have downloaded.  It outputs
+a list of posts which are online but not offline (i.e. not yet downloaded) and a
+list of posts which are offline but not online (i.e. deleted in the profile).
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/56_track_deleted.py
+
+See also :func:`load_structure_from_file`, :meth:`Profile.from_username`,
+:meth:`Profile.get_posts`, :class:`Post`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`56`.
+
+Only one Post per User
+----------------------
+
+To download only the one most recent post from each user, this snippet creates a
+:class:`set` that contains the users of which a post has already been
+downloaded. While iterating the posts, it checks whether the post's owner
+already is in the set. If not, the post is downloaded from Instagram and the
+user is added to that set.
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/113_only_one_per_user.py
+
+See also :class:`Post`, :meth:`Instaloader.download_post`,
+:attr:`Post.owner_profile`, :class:`Profile`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`113`.
+
+Upgrade Images by Local Copies
+------------------------------
+
+The following script finds local versions of images fetched by Instaloader, in
+order to upgrade the downloaded images by locally-found versions with better
+quality. It uses image hashing to identify similar images.
+
+`updgrade-instaloader-images.py <https://gist.github.com/pavelkryukov/15f93d19a99428a284a8bcec27e0187b>`__ (external link to GitHub Gist)
+
+Discussed in :issue:`46`.
+
+Add Captions to Images
+----------------------
+
+Instaloader does not modify the downloaded JPEG file. However, one could combine
+it with an imaging library such as Pillow or PIL to render the caption on
+Instagram pictures.  The following shows an approach.
+
+.. literalinclude:: codesnippets/110_pil_captions.py
+
+See also :attr:`Post.caption`, :attr:`Post.url`, :meth:`Post.from_shortcode`,
+:func:`load_structure_from_file`.
+
+Discussed in :issue:`110`.
+
+Metadata JSON Files
+-------------------
+
+The JSON files Instaloader saves along with each Post contain all the metadata
+that has been retrieved from Instagram while downloading the picture and
+associated required information.
+
+With `jq <https://stedolan.github.io/jq/>`__, a command-line JSON processor, the
+metadata can be easily post-processed. For example, Instaloader's JSON files can
+be pretty-formatted with:
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+   xzcat 2018-05-13_11-18-45_UTC.json.xz | jq .node
+
+However, Instaloader tries to do as few metadata requests as possible, so,
+depending on how Instaloader has been invoked, it may occur that these files do
+not contain the complete available metadata structure. Nevertheless, the file
+can be loaded into Instaloader with :func:`load_structure_from_file` and the
+required metadata then be accessed via the :class:`Post` or :class:`Profile`
+attributes, which trigger an Instagram request if that particular information is
+not present in the JSON file.

docs/codesnippets/110_pil_captions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from requests import get
+from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
+from instaloader import *
+
+L = Instaloader()
+
+# Load Post instance
+post = load_structure_from_file(L.context, '2017-10-01_18-53-03_UTC.json.xz')
+# or post = Post.from_shortcode(L.context, SHORTCODE)
+
+# Render caption
+image = Image.open(BytesIO(get(post.url).content))
+draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)
+color = 'rgb(0, 0, 0)'  # black color
+draw.text((300,100), post.caption.encode('latin1', errors='ignore'), fill=color)
+
+# Save image
+image.save('test.jpg')

docs/codesnippets/113_only_one_per_user.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import instaloader
+
+L = instaloader.Instaloader()
+
+posts = L.get_hashtag_posts('milfgarden')
+
+users = set()
+
+for post in posts:
+    if not post.owner_profile in users:
+        L.download_post(post, '#milfgarden')
+        users.add(post.owner_profile)
+    else:
+        print("{} from {} skipped.".format(post, post.owner_profile))

docs/codesnippets/120_ghost_followers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import instaloader
+
+L = instaloader.Instaloader()
+
+USER = 'your_account'
+PROFILE = USER
+
+# Your preferred way of logging in:
+L.load_session_from_file(USER)
+
+profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(L.context, PROFILE)
+
+likes = set()
+print('Fetching likes of all posts of profile {}.'.format(profile.username))
+for post in profile.get_posts():
+    print(post)
+    likes = likes | set(post.get_likes())
+
+print('Fetching followers of profile {}.'.format(profile.username))
+followers = set(profile.get_followers())
+
+ghosts = followers - likes
+
+print('Storing ghosts into file.')
+with open('/YOUR PATH/inactive-users.txt', 'w') as f:
+    for ghost in ghosts:
+        print(ghost.username, file=f)

docs/codesnippets/121_since_until.py

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+from itertools import dropwhile, takewhile
+
+import instaloader
+
+L = instaloader.Instaloader()
+
+posts = L.get_hashtag_posts('milfgarden')
+# or
+# posts = instaloader.Profile.from_username(L.context, PROFILE).get_posts()
+
+SINCE = datetime(2015, 5, 1)
+UNTIL = datetime(2015, 3, 1)
+
+for post in takewhile(lambda p: p.date > UNTIL, dropwhile(lambda p: p.date > SINCE, posts)):
+    print(post.date)
+    L.download_post(post, '#milfgarden')

docs/codesnippets/56_track_deleted.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from glob import glob
+from sys import argv
+from os import chdir
+
+from instaloader import Instaloader, Post, Profile, load_structure_from_file
+
+# Instaloader instantiation - you may pass additional arguments to the constructor here
+L = Instaloader()
+
+# If desired, load session previously saved with `instaloader -l USERNAME`:
+#L.load_session_from_file(USERNAME)
+
+try:
+    TARGET = argv[1]
+except IndexError:
+    raise SystemExit("Pass profile name as argument!")
+
+# Obtain set of posts that are on hard disk
+chdir(TARGET)
+offline_posts = set(filter(lambda s: isinstance(s, Post),
+                           (load_structure_from_file(L.context, file)
+                            for file in (glob('*.json.xz') + glob('*.json')))))
+
+# Obtain set of posts that are currently online
+post_iterator = Profile.from_username(L.context, TARGET).get_posts()
+online_posts = set(post_iterator)
+
+if online_posts - offline_posts:
+    print("Not yet downloaded posts:")
+    print(" ".join(str(p) for p in (online_posts - offline_posts)))
+
+if offline_posts - online_posts:
+    print("Deleted posts:")
+    print(" ".join(str(p) for p in (offline_posts - online_posts)))

docs/codesnippets/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Advanced Instaloader Examples
+
+This directory contains the scripts that are presented at:
+https://instaloader.github.io/codesnippets.html

docs/conf.py

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ import docs.sphinx_autodoc_typehints as sphinx_autodoc_typehints
 extensions = [
     'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
     'sphinx.ext.githubpages',
-    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx'
+    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
+    'sphinx.ext.extlinks'
 ]
 
 autodoc_default_flags = ['show-inheritance', 'members', 'undoc-members']
@@ -49,6 +50,8 @@ autodoc_member_order = 'bysource'
 intersphinx_mapping = {'python': ('https://docs.python.org/3', None),
                        'requests': ('http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master', None)}
 
+extlinks = {'issue': ('https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues/%s', 'issue #')}
+
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
 templates_path = ['_templates']
 

docs/contributing.rst

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+.. _contributing:
+
 Contributing to Instaloader
 ===========================
 
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ Reporting Bugs
 If you encounter a bug, do not hesitate to report it in our
 `Issue Tracker <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues>`__. Since
 Instaloader is actively developed, the majority of bugs is fixed within only
-**4 days** after being reported. When reporting a problem, please keep the
+**3 days** after being reported. When reporting a problem, please keep the
 following in mind:
 
 - Ensure you **use the latest version** of Instaloader. The currently-installed
@@ -23,10 +25,10 @@ following in mind:
 
 - Briefly **check whether the bug has already been reported**. If you find an
   issue reporting the same bug you encountered, comment there rather than
-  opening a new issue. However, if unsure, it is advised to create a new issue.
+  opening a new issue. However, if unsure, please create a new issue.
 
 - State **how the bug can be reproduced**, i.e. how Instaloader was invoked
-  when the problem occured (of course, you may anonymize profile names etc.).
+  when the problem occurred (of course, you may anonymize profile names etc.).
 
 - Include all **error messages and tracebacks** in the report.
 
@@ -47,13 +49,13 @@ few things to consider:
   you forked from the most recent branch.
 
 - We use `Pylint <https://www.pylint.org/>`__ for error and syntax checking of
-  ``instaloader.py``. The file ``.travis.yml`` in the project's root directory
+  the source. The file ``.travis.yml`` in the project's root directory
   shows how it is invoked. Note that sometimes it might be better to disable a
   warning rather than adapting the code to Pylint's desires.
 
 - The documentation source is located in the ``docs`` folder. The file
-  ``cli-options.rst`` is merely an RST-formatted copy of ``ìnstaloader --help``
+  ``cli-options.rst`` is merely an RST-formatted copy of ``instaloader --help``
-  output, of which the source is near the bottom of ``instaloader.py``.
+  output, of which the source is in ``instaloader/__main__.py``.
 
 - Feel free to contact us, even if you "only" have Proof-of-Concepts or
   not-fully integrated changes. They already might be an advance for the
@@ -81,3 +83,22 @@ Please consider the following:
 - **Be patient**. Naturally, bugs and pull requests have a higher priority than
   feature suggestions. Keep in mind that this is a free software project, and
   unfortunately we only have limited time to work on it.
+
+Donations
+---------
+
+.. donations-start
+
+It is a pleasure for us to share our Instaloader to the world, and we are proud
+to have attracted such an active and motivating community, with so many users
+who share their suggestions and ideas with us. Buying a community-sponsored beer
+or coffee from time to time is very likely to further raise our passion for the
+development of Instaloader.
+
+| For donations, we provide a PayPal.Me link and a Bitcoin address.
+|  `PayPal.me/aandergr <https://www.paypal.me/aandergr>`__
+|  BTC: 1Nst4LoadeYzrKjJ1DX9CpbLXBYE9RKLwY
+
+.. donations-end
+
+.. (Discussion in :issue:`130`)

docs/index.rst

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ See :ref:`install` for more options on how to install Instaloader.
 
 ::
 
-    instaloader [--comments] [--geotags] [--stories]
+    instaloader [--comments] [--geotags] [--stories] [--highlights] [--tagged]
                 [--login YOUR-USERNAME] [--fast-update]
                 profile | "#hashtag" |
                 :stories | :feed | :saved
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ Instaloader Documentation
    basic-usage
    cli-options
    as-module
+   codesnippets
    contributing
 
 Useful Links
@@ -69,10 +70,23 @@ Useful Links
 - `Issue Tracker / Bug Tracker <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues>`__
 - `Version History <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/releases>`__
 
+Disclaimer
+----------
+
 .. include:: ../README.rst
    :start-after: disclaimer-start
    :end-before: disclaimer-end
 
+Contributing
+------------
+
+As an open source project, Instaloader heavily depends on the contributions from
+its community. See :ref:`contributing` for how you may help Instaloader to
+become an even greater tool.
+
+.. include:: contributing.rst
+   :start-after: donations-start
+   :end-before: donations-end
 
 ..
    * :ref:`genindex`

docs/installation.rst

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ Install Instaloader
 - On **Windows 10**, you may download the standalone executable from the
   `current release page <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/releases/latest>`__.
 
-- To get the most current version of Instaloader from our
+- To test the most current pre-release or development version of Instaloader::
-  `Git repository <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader>`__::
 
-     pip3 install --upgrade git+https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader
+     pip3 install --pre instaloader

docs/requirements.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 requests
-sphinx
+sphinx!=1.7.7
 sphinx-bootstrap-theme

instaloader/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Download pictures (or videos) along with their captions and other metadata from Instagram."""
 
 
-__version__ = '4.0'
+__version__ = '4.1'
 
 
 try:
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ else:
 from .exceptions import *
 from .instaloader import Instaloader
 from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext
-from .structures import (Post, PostSidecarNode, PostComment, PostLocation, Profile, Story, StoryItem,
+from .structures import (Highlight, Post, PostSidecarNode, PostComment, PostLocation, Profile, Story, StoryItem,
                          load_structure_from_file, save_structure_to_file)

instaloader/__main__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def usage_string():
     argv0 = os.path.basename(sys.argv[0])
     argv0 = "instaloader" if argv0 == "__main__.py" else argv0
     return """
-{0} [--comments] [--geotags] [--stories]
+{0} [--comments] [--geotags] [--stories] [--highlights] [--tagged]
 {2:{1}} [--login YOUR-USERNAME] [--fast-update]
 {2:{1}} profile | "#hashtag" | :stories | :feed | :saved
 {0} --help""".format(argv0, len(argv0), '')
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@ def filterstr_to_filterfunc(filter_str: str, item_type: type):
 
 def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
           username: Optional[str] = None, password: Optional[str] = None,
-          sessionfile: Optional[str] = None, max_count: Optional[int] = None,
+          sessionfile: Optional[str] = None,
-          profile_pic: bool = True, profile_pic_only: bool = False,
+          download_profile_pic: bool = True, download_posts=True,
+          download_stories: bool = False, download_highlights: bool = False, download_tagged: bool = False,
           fast_update: bool = False,
-          stories: bool = False, stories_only: bool = False,
+          max_count: Optional[int] = None, post_filter_str: Optional[str] = None,
-          post_filter_str: Optional[str] = None,
           storyitem_filter_str: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
     """Download set of profiles, hashtags etc. and handle logging in and session files if desired."""
     # Parse and generate filter function
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
         instaloader.context.log("Logged in as %s." % username)
     # Try block for KeyboardInterrupt (save session on ^C)
     profiles = set()
+    anonymous_retry_profiles = set()
     try:
         # Generate set of profiles, already downloading non-profile targets
         for target in targetlist:
@@ -121,11 +122,14 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
                 if target[0] == '@':
                     instaloader.context.log("Retrieving followees of %s..." % target[1:])
                     profile = Profile.from_username(instaloader.context, target[1:])
-                    followees = profile.get_followees()
+                    for followee in profile.get_followees():
-                    profiles.update([followee.username for followee in followees])
+                        instaloader.save_profile_id(followee)
+                        profiles.add(followee)
                 elif target[0] == '#':
                     instaloader.download_hashtag(hashtag=target[1:], max_count=max_count, fast_update=fast_update,
                                                  post_filter=post_filter)
+                elif target[0] == '-':
+                    instaloader.download_post(Post.from_shortcode(instaloader.context, target[1:]), target)
                 elif target == ":feed":
                     instaloader.download_feed_posts(fast_update=fast_update, max_count=max_count,
                                                     post_filter=post_filter)
@@ -135,26 +139,43 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
                     instaloader.download_saved_posts(fast_update=fast_update, max_count=max_count,
                                                      post_filter=post_filter)
                 else:
-                    profiles.add(target)
+                    try:
+                        profile = instaloader.check_profile_id(target)
+                        if instaloader.context.is_logged_in and profile.has_blocked_viewer:
+                            if download_profile_pic or ((download_posts or download_tagged) and not profile.is_private):
+                                raise ProfileNotExistsException("{} blocked you; But we download her anonymously."
+                                                                .format(target))
+                            else:
+                                instaloader.context.error("{} blocked you.".format(target))
+                        else:
+                            profiles.add(profile)
+                    except ProfileNotExistsException as err:
+                        # Not only our profile.has_blocked_viewer condition raises ProfileNotExistsException,
+                        # check_profile_id() also does, since access to blocked profile may be responded with 404.
+                        if instaloader.context.is_logged_in and (download_profile_pic or download_posts or
+                                                                 download_tagged):
+                            instaloader.context.log(err)
+                            instaloader.context.log("Trying again anonymously, helps in case you are just blocked.")
+                            with instaloader.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_loader:
+                                with instaloader.context.error_catcher():
+                                    anonymous_retry_profiles.add(anonymous_loader.check_profile_id(target))
+                                    instaloader.context.error("Warning: {} will be downloaded anonymously (\"{}\")."
+                                                              .format(target, err))
+                        else:
+                            raise
         if len(profiles) > 1:
-            instaloader.context.log("Downloading {} profiles: {}".format(len(profiles), ' '.join(profiles)))
+            instaloader.context.log("Downloading {} profiles: {}".format(len(profiles),
-        # Iterate through profiles list and download them
+                                                                         ' '.join([p.username for p in profiles])))
-        for target in profiles:
+        instaloader.download_profiles(profiles,
-            with instaloader.context.error_catcher(target):
+                                      download_profile_pic, download_posts, download_tagged, download_highlights,
-                try:
+                                      download_stories, fast_update, post_filter, storyitem_filter)
-                    instaloader.download_profile(target, profile_pic, profile_pic_only, fast_update,
+        if anonymous_retry_profiles:
-                                                 stories, stories_only, post_filter=post_filter,
+            instaloader.context.log("Downloading anonymously: {}"
-                                                 storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter)
+                                    .format(' '.join([p.username for p in anonymous_retry_profiles])))
-                except ProfileNotExistsException as err:
+            with instaloader.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_loader:
-                    if not instaloader.context.is_logged_in:
+                anonymous_loader.download_profiles(anonymous_retry_profiles,
-                        instaloader.context.log(err)
+                                                   download_profile_pic, download_posts, download_tagged,
-                        instaloader.context.log("Trying again anonymously, helps in case you are just blocked.")
+                                                   fast_update=fast_update, post_filter=post_filter)
-                        with instaloader.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_loader:
-                            with instaloader.context.error_catcher():
-                                anonymous_loader.download_profile(target, profile_pic, profile_pic_only,
-                                                                  fast_update, post_filter=post_filter)
-                    else:
-                        raise
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
         print("\nInterrupted by user.", file=sys.stderr)
     # Save session if it is useful
@@ -174,72 +195,95 @@ def main():
     parser = ArgumentParser(description=__doc__, add_help=False, usage=usage_string(),
                             epilog="Report issues at https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues. "
                                    "The complete documentation can be found at "
-                                   "https://instaloader.github.io/.")
+                                   "https://instaloader.github.io/.",
+                            fromfile_prefix_chars='+')
 
-    g_what = parser.add_argument_group('What to Download',
+    g_targets = parser.add_argument_group("What to Download",
-                                       'Specify a list of profiles or #hashtags. For each of these, Instaloader '
+                                          "Specify a list of targets. For each of these, Instaloader creates a folder "
-                                       'creates a folder and '
+                                          "and downloads all posts. The following targets are supported:")
-                                       'downloads all posts along with the pictures\'s '
+    g_targets.add_argument('profile', nargs='*',
-                                       'captions and the current profile picture. '
+                           help="Download profile. If an already-downloaded profile has been renamed, Instaloader "
-                                       'If an already-downloaded profile has been renamed, Instaloader automatically '
+                                "automatically finds it by its unique ID and renames the folder likewise.")
-                                       'finds it by its unique ID and renames the folder likewise.')
+    g_targets.add_argument('_at_profile', nargs='*', metavar="@profile",
-    g_what.add_argument('profile', nargs='*', metavar='profile|#hashtag',
+                           help="Download all followees of profile. Requires --login. "
-                        help='Name of profile or #hashtag to download. '
+                                "Consider using :feed rather than @yourself.")
-                             'Alternatively, if --login is given: @<profile> to download all followees of '
+    g_targets.add_argument('_hashtag', nargs='*', metavar='"#hashtag"', help="Download #hashtag.")
-                             '<profile>; the special targets '
+    g_targets.add_argument('_feed', nargs='*', metavar=":feed",
-                             ':feed to download pictures from your feed; '
+                           help="Download pictures from your feed. Requires --login.")
-                             ':stories to download the stories of your followees; or '
+    g_targets.add_argument('_stories', nargs='*', metavar=":stories",
-                             ':saved to download the posts marked as saved.')
+                           help="Download the stories of your followees. Requires --login.")
-    g_what.add_argument('-P', '--profile-pic-only', action='store_true',
+    g_targets.add_argument('_saved', nargs='*', metavar=":saved",
-                        help='Only download profile picture.')
+                           help="Download the posts that you marked as saved. Requires --login.")
-    g_what.add_argument('--no-profile-pic', action='store_true',
+    g_targets.add_argument('_singlepost', nargs='*', metavar="-- -shortcode",
+                           help="Download the post with the given shortcode")
+    g_targets.add_argument('_json', nargs='*', metavar="filename.json[.xz]",
+                           help="Re-Download the given object.")
+    g_targets.add_argument('_fromfile', nargs='*', metavar="+args.txt",
+                           help="Read targets (and options) from given textfile.")
+
+    g_post = parser.add_argument_group("What to Download of each Post")
+
+    g_prof = parser.add_argument_group("What to Download of each Profile")
+
+    g_prof.add_argument('-P', '--profile-pic-only', action='store_true',
+                        help=SUPPRESS)
+    g_prof.add_argument('--no-posts', action='store_true',
+                        help="Do not download regular posts.")
+    g_prof.add_argument('--no-profile-pic', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not download profile picture.')
-    g_what.add_argument('-V', '--no-videos', action='store_true',
+    g_post.add_argument('--no-pictures', action='store_true',
+                        help='Do not download post pictures. Cannot be used together with --fast-update. '
+                             'Implies --no-video-thumbnails, does not imply --no-videos.')
+    g_post.add_argument('-V', '--no-videos', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not download videos.')
-    g_what.add_argument('--no-video-thumbnails', action='store_true',
+    g_post.add_argument('--no-video-thumbnails', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not download thumbnails of videos.')
-    g_what.add_argument('-G', '--geotags', action='store_true',
+    g_post.add_argument('-G', '--geotags', action='store_true',
                         help='Download geotags when available. Geotags are stored as a '
                              'text file with the location\'s name and a Google Maps link. '
                              'This requires an additional request to the Instagram '
                              'server for each picture, which is why it is disabled by default.')
-    g_what.add_argument('-C', '--comments', action='store_true',
+    g_post.add_argument('-C', '--comments', action='store_true',
                         help='Download and update comments for each post. '
                              'This requires an additional request to the Instagram '
                              'server for each post, which is why it is disabled by default.')
-    g_what.add_argument('--no-captions', action='store_true',
+    g_post.add_argument('--no-captions', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not create txt files.')
-    g_what.add_argument('--post-metadata-txt', action='append',
+    g_post.add_argument('--post-metadata-txt', action='append',
                         help='Template to write in txt file for each Post.')
-    g_what.add_argument('--storyitem-metadata-txt', action='append',
+    g_post.add_argument('--storyitem-metadata-txt', action='append',
                         help='Template to write in txt file for each StoryItem.')
-    g_what.add_argument('--no-metadata-json', action='store_true',
+    g_post.add_argument('--no-metadata-json', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not create a JSON file containing the metadata of each post.')
-    g_what.add_argument('--metadata-json', action='store_true',
+    g_post.add_argument('--metadata-json', action='store_true',
                         help=SUPPRESS)
-    g_what.add_argument('--no-compress-json', action='store_true',
+    g_post.add_argument('--no-compress-json', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not xz compress JSON files, rather create pretty formatted JSONs.')
-    g_what.add_argument('-s', '--stories', action='store_true',
+    g_prof.add_argument('-s', '--stories', action='store_true',
                         help='Also download stories of each profile that is downloaded. Requires --login.')
-    g_what.add_argument('--stories-only', action='store_true',
+    g_prof.add_argument('--stories-only', action='store_true',
-                        help='Rather than downloading regular posts of each specified profile, only download '
+                        help=SUPPRESS)
-                             'stories. Requires --login. Does not imply --no-profile-pic.')
+    g_prof.add_argument('--highlights', action='store_true',
-    g_what.add_argument('--post-filter', '--only-if', metavar='filter',
+                        help='Also download highlights of each profile that is downloaded. Requires --login.')
+    g_prof.add_argument('--tagged', action='store_true',
+                        help='Also download posts where each profile is tagged.')
+
+    g_cond = parser.add_argument_group("Which Posts to Download")
+
+    g_cond.add_argument('-F', '--fast-update', action='store_true',
+                        help='For each target, stop when encountering the first already-downloaded picture. This '
+                             'flag is recommended when you use Instaloader to update your personal Instagram archive.')
+
+    g_cond.add_argument('--post-filter', '--only-if', metavar='filter',
                         help='Expression that, if given, must evaluate to True for each post to be downloaded. Must be '
                              'a syntactically valid python expression. Variables are evaluated to '
                              'instaloader.Post attributes. Example: --post-filter=viewer_has_liked.')
-    g_what.add_argument('--storyitem-filter', metavar='filter',
+    g_cond.add_argument('--storyitem-filter', metavar='filter',
                         help='Expression that, if given, must evaluate to True for each storyitem to be downloaded. '
                              'Must be a syntactically valid python expression. Variables are evaluated to '
                              'instaloader.StoryItem attributes.')
 
-    g_stop = parser.add_argument_group('When to Stop Downloading',
+    g_cond.add_argument('-c', '--count',
-                                       'If none of these options are given, Instaloader goes through all pictures '
-                                       'matching the specified targets.')
-    g_stop.add_argument('-F', '--fast-update', action='store_true',
-                        help='For each target, stop when encountering the first already-downloaded picture. This '
-                             'flag is recommended when you use Instaloader to update your personal Instagram archive.')
-    g_stop.add_argument('-c', '--count',
                         help='Do not attempt to download more than COUNT posts. '
                              'Applies only to #hashtag and :feed.')
 
@@ -271,6 +315,7 @@ def main():
     g_how.add_argument('--user-agent',
                        help='User Agent to use for HTTP requests. Defaults to \'{}\'.'.format(default_user_agent()))
     g_how.add_argument('-S', '--no-sleep', action='store_true', help=SUPPRESS)
+    g_how.add_argument('--graphql-rate-limit', type=int, help=SUPPRESS)
     g_how.add_argument('--max-connection-attempts', metavar='N', type=int, default=3,
                        help='Maximum number of connection attempts until a request is aborted. Defaults to 3. If a '
                             'connection fails, it can be manually skipped by hitting CTRL+C. Set this to 0 to retry '
@@ -308,26 +353,37 @@ def main():
                 raise SystemExit("--no-captions and --post-metadata-txt or --storyitem-metadata-txt given; "
                                  "That contradicts.")
 
+        if args.no_pictures and args.fast_update:
+            raise SystemExit('--no-pictures and --fast-update cannot be used together.')
+
+        # Determine what to download
+        download_profile_pic = not args.no_profile_pic or args.profile_pic_only
+        download_posts = not (args.no_posts or args.stories_only or args.profile_pic_only)
+        download_stories = args.stories or args.stories_only
+
         loader = Instaloader(sleep=not args.no_sleep, quiet=args.quiet, user_agent=args.user_agent,
                              dirname_pattern=args.dirname_pattern, filename_pattern=args.filename_pattern,
+                             download_pictures=not args.no_pictures,
                              download_videos=not args.no_videos, download_video_thumbnails=not args.no_video_thumbnails,
                              download_geotags=args.geotags,
                              download_comments=args.comments, save_metadata=not args.no_metadata_json,
                              compress_json=not args.no_compress_json,
                              post_metadata_txt_pattern=post_metadata_txt_pattern,
                              storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern=storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern,
+                             graphql_rate_limit=args.graphql_rate_limit,
                              max_connection_attempts=args.max_connection_attempts)
         _main(loader,
               args.profile,
               username=args.login.lower() if args.login is not None else None,
               password=args.password,
               sessionfile=args.sessionfile,
-              max_count=int(args.count) if args.count is not None else None,
+              download_profile_pic=download_profile_pic,
-              profile_pic=not args.no_profile_pic,
+              download_posts=download_posts,
-              profile_pic_only=args.profile_pic_only,
+              download_stories=download_stories,
+              download_highlights=args.highlights,
+              download_tagged=args.tagged,
               fast_update=args.fast_update,
-              stories=args.stories,
+              max_count=int(args.count) if args.count is not None else None,
-              stories_only=args.stories_only,
               post_filter_str=args.post_filter,
               storyitem_filter_str=args.storyitem_filter)
         loader.close()

instaloader/instaloader.py

@@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from functools import wraps
 from io import BytesIO
-from typing import Callable, Iterator, List, Optional, Any
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Union
 
 from .exceptions import *
 from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext
-from .structures import JsonExportable, Post, PostLocation, Profile, Story, StoryItem, save_structure_to_file
+from .structures import Highlight, JsonExportable, Post, PostLocation, Profile, Story, StoryItem, save_structure_to_file
 
 
 def get_default_session_filename(username: str) -> str:
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@ class _ArbitraryItemFormatter(string.Formatter):
     def __init__(self, item: Any):
         self._item = item
 
-    def get_field(self, field_name, args, kwargs):
+    def get_value(self, key, args, kwargs):
         """Override to substitute {ATTRIBUTE} by attributes of our _item."""
-        if hasattr(self._item, field_name):
+        if hasattr(self._item, key):
-            return self._item.__getattribute__(field_name), None
+            return getattr(self._item, key)
-        return super().get_field(field_name, args, kwargs)
+        return super().get_value(key, args, kwargs)
 
     def format_field(self, value, format_spec):
         """Override :meth:`string.Formatter.format_field` to have our
@@ -70,7 +70,10 @@ class _PostPathFormatter(_ArbitraryItemFormatter):
     def vformat(self, format_string, args, kwargs):
         """Override :meth:`string.Formatter.vformat` for character substitution in paths for Windows, see issue #84."""
         ret = super().vformat(format_string, args, kwargs)
-        return ret.replace(':', '\ua789') if platform.system() == 'Windows' else ret
+        if platform.system() == 'Windows':
+            ret = ret.replace(':', '\ua789').replace('<', '\ufe64').replace('>', '\ufe65').replace('\"', '\uff02')
+            ret = ret.replace('\\', '\uff3c').replace('|', '\uff5c').replace('?', '\ufe16').replace('*', '\uff0a')
+        return ret
 
 
 class Instaloader:
@@ -80,6 +83,7 @@ class Instaloader:
     :param user_agent: :option:`--user-agent`
     :param dirname_pattern: :option:`--dirname-pattern`, default is ``{target}``
     :param filename_pattern: :option:`--filename-pattern`, default is ``{date_utc}_UTC``
+    :param download_pictures: not :option:`--no-pictures`
     :param download_videos: not :option:`--no-videos`
     :param download_video_thumbnails: not :option:`--no-video-thumbnails`
     :param download_geotags: :option:`--geotags`
@@ -91,6 +95,10 @@ class Instaloader:
        txt file.
     :param storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern: :option:`--storyitem-metadata-txt`, default is empty (=none)
     :param max_connection_attempts: :option:`--max-connection-attempts`
+
+    .. attribute:: context
+
+       The associated :class:`InstaloaderContext` with low-level communication functions and logging.
     """
 
     def __init__(self,
@@ -98,6 +106,7 @@ class Instaloader:
                  user_agent: Optional[str] = None,
                  dirname_pattern: Optional[str] = None,
                  filename_pattern: Optional[str] = None,
+                 download_pictures=True,
                  download_videos: bool = True,
                  download_video_thumbnails: bool = True,
                  download_geotags: bool = True,
@@ -106,13 +115,15 @@ class Instaloader:
                  compress_json: bool = True,
                  post_metadata_txt_pattern: str = None,
                  storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern: str = None,
+                 graphql_rate_limit: Optional[int] = None,
                  max_connection_attempts: int = 3):
 
-        self.context = InstaloaderContext(sleep, quiet, user_agent, max_connection_attempts)
+        self.context = InstaloaderContext(sleep, quiet, user_agent, graphql_rate_limit, max_connection_attempts)
 
         # configuration parameters
         self.dirname_pattern = dirname_pattern or "{target}"
         self.filename_pattern = filename_pattern or "{date_utc}_UTC"
+        self.download_pictures = download_pictures
         self.download_videos = download_videos
         self.download_video_thumbnails = download_video_thumbnails
         self.download_geotags = download_geotags
@@ -128,10 +139,15 @@ class Instaloader:
     def anonymous_copy(self):
         """Yield an anonymous, otherwise equally-configured copy of an Instaloader instance; Then copy its error log."""
         new_loader = Instaloader(self.context.sleep, self.context.quiet, self.context.user_agent, self.dirname_pattern,
-                                 self.filename_pattern, self.download_videos, self.download_video_thumbnails,
+                                 self.filename_pattern, download_pictures=self.download_pictures,
-                                 self.download_geotags, self.download_comments, self.save_metadata,
+                                 download_videos=self.download_videos,
-                                 self.compress_json, self.post_metadata_txt_pattern,
+                                 download_video_thumbnails=self.download_video_thumbnails,
-                                 self.storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern, self.context.max_connection_attempts)
+                                 download_geotags=self.download_geotags, download_comments=self.download_comments,
+                                 save_metadata=self.save_metadata, compress_json=self.compress_json,
+                                 post_metadata_txt_pattern=self.post_metadata_txt_pattern,
+                                 storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern=self.storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern,
+                                 graphql_rate_limit=self.context.graphql_count_per_slidingwindow,
+                                 max_connection_attempts=self.context.max_connection_attempts)
         new_loader.context.query_timestamps = self.context.query_timestamps
         yield new_loader
         self.context.error_log.extend(new_loader.context.error_log)
@@ -178,27 +194,28 @@ class Instaloader:
     def update_comments(self, filename: str, post: Post) -> None:
         def _postcomment_asdict(comment):
             return {'id': comment.id,
-                    'created_at': comment.created_at_utc.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc).timestamp(),
+                    'created_at': int(comment.created_at_utc.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc).timestamp()),
                     'text': comment.text,
                     'owner': comment.owner._asdict()}
         filename += '_comments.json'
         try:
-            comments = json.load(open(filename))
+            with open(filename) as fp:
-        except FileNotFoundError:
+                comments = json.load(fp)
+        except (FileNotFoundError, json.decoder.JSONDecodeError):
             comments = list()
         comments.extend(_postcomment_asdict(comment) for comment in post.get_comments())
         if comments:
+            comments_list = sorted(sorted(list(comments), key=lambda t: int(t['id'])),
+                                   key=lambda t: int(t['created_at']), reverse=True)
+            unique_comments_list = [comments_list[0]]
+            #for comment in comments_list:
+            #    if unique_comments_list[-1]['id'] != comment['id']:
+            #        unique_comments_list.append(comment)
+            #file.write(json.dumps(unique_comments_list, indent=4))
+            for x, y in zip(comments_list[:-1], comments_list[1:]):
+                if x['id'] != y['id']:
+                    unique_comments_list.append(y)
             with open(filename, 'w') as file:
-                comments_list = sorted(sorted(list(comments), key=lambda t: t['id']),
-                                       key=lambda t: t['created_at'], reverse=True)
-                unique_comments_list = [comments_list[0]]
-                #for comment in comments_list:
-                #    if unique_comments_list[-1]['id'] != comment['id']:
-                #        unique_comments_list.append(comment)
-                #file.write(json.dumps(unique_comments_list, indent=4))
-                for x, y in zip(comments_list[:-1], comments_list[1:]):
-                    if x['id'] != y['id']:
-                        unique_comments_list.append(y)
                 file.write(json.dumps(unique_comments_list, indent=4))
             self.context.log('comments', end=' ', flush=True)
 
@@ -259,18 +276,19 @@ class Instaloader:
         def _epoch_to_string(epoch: datetime) -> str:
             return epoch.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S')
 
-        profile_pic_url = profile.get_profile_pic_url()
+        profile_pic_url = profile.profile_pic_url
         with self.context.get_anonymous_session() as anonymous_session:
             date_object = datetime.strptime(anonymous_session.head(profile_pic_url).headers["Last-Modified"],
                                             '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT')
+        profile_pic_extension = 'jpg'
         if ((format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
              format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'target'))):
             filename = '{0}/{1}_UTC_profile_pic.{2}'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile.username.lower(),
                                                                                         target=profile.username.lower()),
-                                                            _epoch_to_string(date_object), profile_pic_url[-3:])
+                                                            _epoch_to_string(date_object), profile_pic_extension)
         else:
             filename = '{0}/{1}_{2}_UTC_profile_pic.{3}'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), profile.username.lower(),
-                                                                _epoch_to_string(date_object), profile_pic_url[-3:])
+                                                                _epoch_to_string(date_object), profile_pic_extension)
         if os.path.isfile(filename):
             self.context.log(filename + ' already exists')
             return None
@@ -313,9 +331,19 @@ class Instaloader:
         return self.context.test_login()
 
     def login(self, user: str, passwd: str) -> None:
-        """Log in to instagram with given username and password and internally store session object"""
+        """Log in to instagram with given username and password and internally store session object.
+
+        :raises InvalidArgumentException: If the provided username does not exist.
+        :raises BadCredentialsException: If the provided password is wrong.
+        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed."""
         self.context.login(user, passwd)
 
+    def format_filename(self, item: Union[Post, StoryItem], target: Optional[str] = None):
+        """Format filename of a :class:`Post` or :class:`StoryItem` according to ``filename-pattern`` parameter.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.1"""
+        return _PostPathFormatter(item).format(self.filename_pattern, target=target)
+
     def download_post(self, post: Post, target: str) -> bool:
         """
         Download everything associated with one instagram post node, i.e. picture, caption and video.
@@ -326,30 +354,31 @@ class Instaloader:
         """
 
         dirname = _PostPathFormatter(post).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
-        filename = dirname + '/' + _PostPathFormatter(post).format(self.filename_pattern, target=target)
+        filename = dirname + '/' + self.format_filename(post, target=target)
         os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
 
         # Download the image(s) / video thumbnail and videos within sidecars if desired
         downloaded = False
-        if post.typename == 'GraphSidecar':
+        if self.download_pictures:
-            edge_number = 1
+            if post.typename == 'GraphSidecar':
-            for sidecar_node in post.get_sidecar_nodes():
+                edge_number = 1
-                # Download picture or video thumbnail
+                for sidecar_node in post.get_sidecar_nodes():
-                if not sidecar_node.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
+                    # Download picture or video thumbnail
-                    downloaded |= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=sidecar_node.display_url,
+                    if not sidecar_node.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
-                                                    mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=str(edge_number))
+                        downloaded |= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=sidecar_node.display_url,
-                # Additionally download video if available and desired
+                                                        mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=str(edge_number))
-                if sidecar_node.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
+                    # Additionally download video if available and desired
-                    downloaded |= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=sidecar_node.video_url,
+                    if sidecar_node.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
-                                                    mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=str(edge_number))
+                        downloaded |= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=sidecar_node.video_url,
-                edge_number += 1
+                                                        mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=str(edge_number))
-        elif post.typename == 'GraphImage':
+                    edge_number += 1
-            downloaded = self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=post.url, mtime=post.date_local)
+            elif post.typename == 'GraphImage':
-        elif post.typename == 'GraphVideo':
-            if self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
                 downloaded = self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=post.url, mtime=post.date_local)
-        else:
+            elif post.typename == 'GraphVideo':
-            self.context.error("Warning: {0} has unknown typename: {1}".format(post, post.typename))
+                if self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
+                    downloaded = self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=post.url, mtime=post.date_local)
+            else:
+                self.context.error("Warning: {0} has unknown typename: {1}".format(post, post.typename))
 
         # Save caption if desired
         metadata_string = _ArbitraryItemFormatter(post).format(self.post_metadata_txt_pattern).strip()
@@ -384,37 +413,45 @@ class Instaloader:
         :param userids: List of user IDs to be processed in terms of downloading their stories, or None.
         """
 
-        if userids is None:
+        if not userids:
             data = self.context.graphql_query("d15efd8c0c5b23f0ef71f18bf363c704",
                                               {"only_stories": True})["data"]["user"]
             if data is None:
                 raise BadResponseException('Bad stories reel JSON.')
             userids = list(edge["node"]["id"] for edge in data["feed_reels_tray"]["edge_reels_tray_to_reel"]["edges"])
 
-        stories = self.context.graphql_query("bf41e22b1c4ba4c9f31b844ebb7d9056",
+        def _userid_chunks():
-                                             {"reel_ids": userids, "precomposed_overlay": False})["data"]
+            userids_per_query = 100
+            for i in range(0, len(userids), userids_per_query):
+                yield userids[i:i + userids_per_query]
 
-        yield from (Story(self.context, media) for media in stories['reels_media'])
+        for userid_chunk in _userid_chunks():
+            stories = self.context.graphql_query("bf41e22b1c4ba4c9f31b844ebb7d9056",
+                                                 {"reel_ids": userid_chunk, "precomposed_overlay": False})["data"]
+            yield from (Story(self.context, media) for media in stories['reels_media'])
 
     @_requires_login
     def download_stories(self,
-                         userids: Optional[List[int]] = None,
+                         userids: Optional[List[Union[int, Profile]]] = None,
                          fast_update: bool = False,
-                         filename_target: str = ':stories',
+                         filename_target: Optional[str] = ':stories',
                          storyitem_filter: Optional[Callable[[StoryItem], bool]] = None) -> None:
         """
         Download available stories from user followees or all stories of users whose ID are given.
         Does not mark stories as seen.
         To use this, one needs to be logged in
 
-        :param userids: List of user IDs to be processed in terms of downloading their stories
+        :param userids: List of user IDs or Profiles to be processed in terms of downloading their stories
         :param fast_update: If true, abort when first already-downloaded picture is encountered
         :param filename_target: Replacement for {target} in dirname_pattern and filename_pattern
+               or None if profile name should be used instead
         :param storyitem_filter: function(storyitem), which returns True if given StoryItem should be downloaded
         """
 
         if not userids:
             self.context.log("Retrieving all visible stories...")
+        else:
+            userids = [p if isinstance(p, int) else p.userid for p in userids]
 
         for user_story in self.get_stories(userids):
             name = user_story.owner_username
@@ -428,7 +465,7 @@ class Instaloader:
                 self.context.log("[%3i/%3i] " % (count, totalcount), end="", flush=True)
                 count += 1
                 with self.context.error_catcher('Download story from user {}'.format(name)):
-                    downloaded = self.download_storyitem(item, filename_target)
+                    downloaded = self.download_storyitem(item, filename_target if filename_target else name)
                     if fast_update and not downloaded:
                         break
 
@@ -442,7 +479,7 @@ class Instaloader:
 
         date_local = item.date_local
         dirname = _PostPathFormatter(item).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
-        filename = dirname + '/' + _PostPathFormatter(item).format(self.filename_pattern, target=target)
+        filename = dirname + '/' + self.format_filename(item, target=target)
         os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
         downloaded = False
         if not item.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
@@ -460,6 +497,62 @@ class Instaloader:
         self.context.log()
         return downloaded
 
+    @_requires_login
+    def get_highlights(self, user: Union[int, Profile]) -> Iterator[Highlight]:
+        """Get all highlights from a user.
+        To use this, one needs to be logged in.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.1
+
+        :param user: ID or Profile of the user whose highlights should get fetched.
+        """
+
+        userid = user if isinstance(user, int) else user.userid
+        data = self.context.graphql_query("7c16654f22c819fb63d1183034a5162f",
+                                          {"user_id": userid, "include_chaining": False, "include_reel": False,
+                                           "include_suggested_users": False, "include_logged_out_extras": False,
+                                           "include_highlight_reels": True})["data"]["user"]['edge_highlight_reels']
+        if data is None:
+            raise BadResponseException('Bad highlights reel JSON.')
+        yield from (Highlight(self.context, edge['node'], user if isinstance(user, Profile) else None)
+                    for edge in data['edges'])
+
+    @_requires_login
+    def download_highlights(self,
+                            user: Union[int, Profile],
+                            fast_update: bool = False,
+                            filename_target: Optional[str] = None,
+                            storyitem_filter: Optional[Callable[[StoryItem], bool]] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Download available highlights from a user whose ID is given.
+        To use this, one needs to be logged in.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.1
+
+        :param user: ID or Profile of the user whose highlights should get downloaded.
+        :param fast_update: If true, abort when first already-downloaded picture is encountered
+        :param filename_target: Replacement for {target} in dirname_pattern and filename_pattern
+               or None if profile name and the highlights' titles should be used instead
+        :param storyitem_filter: function(storyitem), which returns True if given StoryItem should be downloaded
+        """
+        for user_highlight in self.get_highlights(user):
+            name = user_highlight.owner_username
+            self.context.log("Retrieving highlights \"{}\" from profile {}".format(user_highlight.title, name))
+            totalcount = user_highlight.itemcount
+            count = 1
+            for item in user_highlight.get_items():
+                if storyitem_filter is not None and not storyitem_filter(item):
+                    self.context.log("<{} skipped>".format(item), flush=True)
+                    continue
+                self.context.log("[%3i/%3i] " % (count, totalcount), end="", flush=True)
+                count += 1
+                with self.context.error_catcher('Download highlights \"{}\" from user {}'.format(user_highlight.title, name)):
+                    downloaded = self.download_storyitem(item, filename_target
+                                                         if filename_target
+                                                         else '{}/{}'.format(name, user_highlight.title))
+                    if fast_update and not downloaded:
+                        break
+
     @_requires_login
     def get_feed_posts(self) -> Iterator[Post]:
         """Get Posts of the user's feed.
@@ -599,6 +692,46 @@ class Instaloader:
                 if fast_update and not downloaded:
                     break
 
+    def download_tagged(self, profile: Profile, fast_update: bool = False,
+                        target: Optional[str] = None,
+                        post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None) -> None:
+        """Download all posts where a profile is tagged.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.1"""
+        if target is None:
+            target = profile.username + '/:tagged'
+        self.context.log("Retrieving tagged posts for profile {}.".format(profile.username))
+        count = 1
+        for post in profile.get_tagged_posts():
+            self.context.log("[%3i/???] " % (count), end="", flush=True)
+            count += 1
+            if post_filter is not None and not post_filter(post):
+                self.context.log('<{} skipped>'.format(post))
+            with self.context.error_catcher('Download tagged {}'.format(profile.username)):
+                downloaded = self.download_post(post, target)
+                if fast_update and not downloaded:
+                    break
+
+    def _get_id_filename(self, profile_name: str) -> str:
+        if ((format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
+             format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'target'))):
+            return '{0}/id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile_name.lower(),
+                                                               target=profile_name.lower()))
+        else:
+            return '{0}/{1}_id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), profile_name.lower())
+
+    def save_profile_id(self, profile: Profile):
+        """
+        Store ID of profile locally.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.0.6
+        """
+        os.makedirs(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile.username,
+                                                target=profile.username), exist_ok=True)
+        with open(self._get_id_filename(profile.username), 'w') as text_file:
+            text_file.write(str(profile.userid) + "\n")
+            self.context.log("Stored ID {0} for profile {1}.".format(profile.userid, profile.username))
+
     def check_profile_id(self, profile_name: str) -> Profile:
         """
         Consult locally stored ID of profile with given name, check whether ID matches and whether name
@@ -611,12 +744,7 @@ class Instaloader:
         with suppress(ProfileNotExistsException):
             profile = Profile.from_username(self.context, profile_name)
         profile_exists = profile is not None
-        if ((format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'profile') or
+        id_filename = self._get_id_filename(profile_name)
-             format_string_contains_key(self.dirname_pattern, 'target'))):
-            id_filename = '{0}/id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile_name.lower(),
-                                                                      target=profile_name.lower()))
-        else:
-            id_filename = '{0}/{1}_id'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(), profile_name.lower())
         try:
             with open(id_filename, 'rb') as id_file:
                 profile_id = int(id_file.read())
@@ -645,26 +773,114 @@ class Instaloader:
         except (FileNotFoundError, ValueError):
             pass
         if profile_exists:
-            os.makedirs(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile_name.lower(),
+            self.save_profile_id(profile)
-                                                    target=profile_name.lower()), exist_ok=True)
-            with open(id_filename, 'w') as text_file:
-                text_file.write(str(profile.userid) + "\n")
-                self.context.log("Stored ID {0} for profile {1}.".format(profile.userid, profile_name))
             return profile
         raise ProfileNotExistsException("Profile {0} does not exist.".format(profile_name))
 
-    def download_profile(self, profile_name: str,
+    def download_profiles(self, profiles: Set[Profile],
+                          profile_pic: bool = True, posts: bool = True,
+                          tagged: bool = False, highlights: bool = False, stories: bool = False,
+                          fast_update: bool = False,
+                          post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
+                          storyitem_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
+                          raise_errors: bool = False):
+        """High-level method to download set of profiles.
+
+        :param profiles: Set of profiles to download.
+        :param profile_pic: not :option:`--no-profile-pic`.
+        :param posts: not :option:`--no-posts`.
+        :param tagged: :option:`--tagged`.
+        :param highlights: :option:`--highlights`.
+        :param stories: :option:`--stories`.
+        :param fast_update: :option:`--fast-update`.
+        :param post_filter: :option:`--post-filter`.
+        :param storyitem_filter: :option:`--post-filter`.
+        :param raise_errors:
+           Whether :exc:`LoginRequiredException` and :exc:`PrivateProfileNotFollowedException` should be raised or
+           catched and printed with :meth:`InstaloaderContext.error_catcher`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.1"""
+
+        def _error_raiser(_str):
+            yield
+
+        error_handler = _error_raiser if raise_errors else self.context.error_catcher
+
+        for profile in profiles:
+            with error_handler(profile.username):
+                profile_name = profile.username
+
+                # Save metadata as JSON if desired.
+                if self.save_metadata:
+                    json_filename = '{0}/{1}_{2}'.format(self.dirname_pattern.format(profile=profile_name,
+                                                                                     target=profile_name),
+                                                         profile_name, profile.userid)
+                    self.save_metadata_json(json_filename, profile)
+
+                # Download profile picture
+                if profile_pic:
+                    with self.context.error_catcher('Download profile picture of {}'.format(profile_name)):
+                        self.download_profilepic(profile)
+
+                # Catch some errors
+                if profile.is_private:
+                    if not self.context.is_logged_in:
+                        raise LoginRequiredException("--login=USERNAME required.")
+                    if not profile.followed_by_viewer and self.context.username != profile.username:
+                        raise PrivateProfileNotFollowedException("Private but not followed.")
+
+                # Download tagged, if requested
+                if tagged:
+                    with self.context.error_catcher('Download tagged of {}'.format(profile_name)):
+                        self.download_tagged(profile, fast_update=fast_update, post_filter=post_filter)
+
+                # Download highlights, if requested
+                if highlights:
+                    with self.context.error_catcher('Download highlights of {}'.format(profile_name)):
+                        self.download_highlights(profile, fast_update=fast_update, storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter)
+
+                # Iterate over pictures and download them
+                if posts:
+                    self.context.log("Retrieving posts from profile {}.".format(profile_name))
+                    totalcount = profile.mediacount
+                    count = 1
+                    for post in profile.get_posts():
+                        self.context.log("[%3i/%3i] " % (count, totalcount), end="", flush=True)
+                        count += 1
+                        if post_filter is not None and not post_filter(post):
+                            self.context.log('<skipped>')
+                            continue
+                        with self.context.error_catcher("Download {} of {}".format(post, profile_name)):
+                            downloaded = self.download_post(post, target=profile_name)
+                            if fast_update and not downloaded:
+                                break
+
+        if stories and profiles:
+            with self.context.error_catcher("Download stories"):
+                self.context.log("Downloading stories")
+                self.download_stories(userids=list(profiles), fast_update=fast_update, filename_target=None,
+                                      storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter)
+
+    def download_profile(self, profile_name: Union[str, Profile],
                          profile_pic: bool = True, profile_pic_only: bool = False,
                          fast_update: bool = False,
                          download_stories: bool = False, download_stories_only: bool = False,
+                         download_tagged: bool = False, download_tagged_only: bool = False,
                          post_filter: Optional[Callable[[Post], bool]] = None,
                          storyitem_filter: Optional[Callable[[StoryItem], bool]] = None) -> None:
-        """Download one profile"""
+        """Download one profile
+
+        .. deprecated:: 4.1
+           Use :meth:`Instaloader.download_profiles`.
+        """
 
         # Get profile main page json
         # check if profile does exist or name has changed since last download
         # and update name and json data if necessary
-        profile = self.check_profile_id(profile_name.lower())
+        if isinstance(profile_name, str):
+            profile = self.check_profile_id(profile_name.lower())
+        else:
+            profile = profile_name
 
         profile_name = profile.username
 
@@ -698,12 +914,22 @@ class Instaloader:
 
         # Download stories, if requested
         if download_stories or download_stories_only:
-            with self.context.error_catcher("Download stories of {}".format(profile_name)):
+            if profile.has_viewable_story:
-                self.download_stories(userids=[profile.userid], filename_target=profile_name, fast_update=fast_update,
+                with self.context.error_catcher("Download stories of {}".format(profile_name)):
-                                      storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter)
+                    self.download_stories(userids=[profile.userid], filename_target=profile_name,
+                                          fast_update=fast_update, storyitem_filter=storyitem_filter)
+            else:
+                self.context.log("{} does not have any stories.".format(profile_name))
         if download_stories_only:
             return
 
+        # Download tagged, if requested
+        if download_tagged or download_tagged_only:
+            with self.context.error_catcher('Download tagged of {}'.format(profile_name)):
+                self.download_tagged(profile, fast_update=fast_update, post_filter=post_filter)
+        if download_tagged_only:
+            return
+
         # Iterate over pictures and download them
         self.context.log("Retrieving posts from profile {}.".format(profile_name))
         totalcount = profile.mediacount
@@ -722,7 +948,9 @@ class Instaloader:
     def interactive_login(self, username: str) -> None:
         """Logs in and internally stores session, asking user for password interactively.
 
-        :raises LoginRequiredException: when in quiet mode."""
+        :raises LoginRequiredException: when in quiet mode.
+        :raises InvalidArgumentException: If the provided username does not exist.
+        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed."""
         if self.context.quiet:
             raise LoginRequiredException("Quiet mode requires given password or valid session file.")
         password = None

instaloader/instaloadercontext.py

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import textwrap
 import time
 import urllib.parse
 from contextlib import contextmanager
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterator, Optional
 
 import requests
@@ -46,8 +47,8 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
     class :class:`Instaloader`.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, sleep: bool = True, quiet: bool = False,
+    def __init__(self, sleep: bool = True, quiet: bool = False, user_agent: Optional[str] = None,
-                 user_agent: Optional[str] = None, max_connection_attempts: int = 3):
+                 graphql_count_per_slidingwindow: Optional[int] = None, max_connection_attempts: int = 3):
 
         self.user_agent = user_agent if user_agent is not None else default_user_agent()
         self._session = self.get_anonymous_session()
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         self.quiet = quiet
         self.max_connection_attempts = max_connection_attempts
         self._graphql_page_length = 50
+        self.graphql_count_per_slidingwindow = graphql_count_per_slidingwindow or 200
         self._root_rhx_gis = None
 
         # error log, filled with error() and printed at the end of Instaloader.main()
@@ -67,6 +69,22 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         # Can be set to True for testing, disables supression of InstaloaderContext._error_catcher
         self.raise_all_errors = False
 
+        # Cache profile from id (mapping from id to Profile)
+        self.profile_id_cache = dict()
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def anonymous_copy(self):
+        session = self._session
+        username = self.username
+        self._session = self.get_anonymous_session()
+        self.username = None
+        try:
+            yield self
+        finally:
+            self._session.close()
+            self.username = username
+            self._session = session
+
     @property
     def is_logged_in(self) -> bool:
         """True, if this Instaloader instance is logged in."""
@@ -144,7 +162,7 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         pickle.dump(requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(self._session.cookies), sessionfile)
 
     def load_session_from_file(self, username, sessionfile):
-        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.load_session_to_file`."""
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.load_session_from_file`."""
         session = requests.Session()
         session.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(pickle.load(sessionfile))
         session.headers.update(self._default_http_header())
@@ -158,34 +176,52 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         return data["data"]["user"]["username"] if data["data"]["user"] is not None else None
 
     def login(self, user, passwd):
-        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.login`."""
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.login`.
+
+        :raises InvalidArgumentException: If the provided username does not exist.
+        :raises BadCredentialsException: If the provided password is wrong.
+        :raises ConnectionException: If connection to Instagram failed."""
+        import http.client
+        # pylint:disable=protected-access
+        http.client._MAXHEADERS = 200
         session = requests.Session()
         session.cookies.update({'sessionid': '', 'mid': '', 'ig_pr': '1',
                                 'ig_vw': '1920', 'csrftoken': '',
                                 's_network': '', 'ds_user_id': ''})
         session.headers.update(self._default_http_header())
-        self._sleep()
+        session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': self.get_json('', {})['config']['csrf_token']})
-        resp = session.get('https://www.instagram.com/')
+        # Not using self.get_json() here, because we need to access csrftoken cookie
-        session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': resp.cookies['csrftoken']})
         self._sleep()
         login = session.post('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/ajax/',
                              data={'password': passwd, 'username': user}, allow_redirects=True)
-        session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': login.cookies['csrftoken']})
+        if login.status_code != 200:
-        if login.status_code == 200:
+            raise ConnectionException("Login error: {} {}".format(login.status_code, login.reason))
-            self._session = session
+        resp_json = login.json()
-            if user == self.test_login():
+        if resp_json['status'] != 'ok':
-                self.username = user
+            if 'message' in resp_json:
+                raise ConnectionException("Login error: \"{}\" status, message \"{}\".".format(resp_json['status'],
+                                                                                               resp_json['message']))
             else:
-                self.username = None
+                raise ConnectionException("Login error: \"{}\" status.".format(resp_json['status']))
-                self._session = None
+        if not resp_json['authenticated']:
-                raise BadCredentialsException('Login error! Check your credentials!')
+            if resp_json['user']:
-        else:
+                # '{"authenticated": false, "user": true, "status": "ok"}'
-            raise ConnectionException('Login error! Connection error!')
+                raise BadCredentialsException('Login error: Wrong password.')
+            else:
+                # '{"authenticated": false, "user": false, "status": "ok"}'
+                # Raise InvalidArgumentException rather than BadCredentialException, because BadCredentialException
+                # triggers re-asking of password in Instaloader.interactive_login(), which makes no sense if the
+                # username is invalid.
+                raise InvalidArgumentException('Login error: User {} does not exist.'.format(user))
+        # '{"authenticated": true, "user": true, "userId": ..., "oneTapPrompt": false, "status": "ok"}'
+        session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': login.cookies['csrftoken']})
+        self._session = session
+        self.username = user
 
     def _sleep(self):
         """Sleep a short time if self.sleep is set. Called before each request to instagram.com."""
         if self.sleep:
-            time.sleep(random.uniform(0.5, 3))
+            time.sleep(min(random.expovariate(0.7), 5.0))
 
     def get_json(self, path: str, params: Dict[str, Any], host: str = 'www.instagram.com',
                  session: Optional[requests.Session] = None, _attempt=1) -> Dict[str, Any]:
@@ -206,14 +242,18 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                 return sliding_window if untracked_queries else 0
             current_time = time.monotonic()
             self.query_timestamps = list(filter(lambda t: t > current_time - sliding_window, self.query_timestamps))
-            if len(self.query_timestamps) < 20 and not untracked_queries:
+            if len(self.query_timestamps) < self.graphql_count_per_slidingwindow and not untracked_queries:
                 return 0
             return round(min(self.query_timestamps) + sliding_window - current_time) + 6
         is_graphql_query = 'query_hash' in params and 'graphql/query' in path
-        if is_graphql_query:
+        # some queries are not rate limited if invoked anonymously:
+        query_not_limited = is_graphql_query and not self.is_logged_in \
+                            and params['query_hash'] in ['9ca88e465c3f866a76f7adee3871bdd8']
+        if is_graphql_query and not query_not_limited:
             waittime = graphql_query_waittime()
             if waittime > 0:
-                self.log('\nToo many queries in the last time. Need to wait {} seconds.'.format(waittime))
+                self.log('\nToo many queries in the last time. Need to wait {} seconds, until {:%H:%M}.'
+                         .format(waittime, datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=waittime)))
                 time.sleep(waittime)
             if self.query_timestamps is not None:
                 self.query_timestamps.append(time.monotonic())
@@ -226,7 +266,7 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
             while resp.is_redirect:
                 redirect_url = resp.headers['location']
                 self.log('\nHTTP redirect from https://{0}/{1} to {2}'.format(host, path, redirect_url))
-                if redirect_url.index('https://{}/'.format(host)) == 0:
+                if redirect_url.startswith('https://{}/'.format(host)):
                     resp = sess.get(redirect_url if redirect_url.endswith('/') else redirect_url + '/',
                                     params=params, allow_redirects=False)
                 else:
@@ -268,7 +308,8 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                     if is_graphql_query:
                         waittime = graphql_query_waittime(untracked_queries=True)
                         if waittime > 0:
-                            self.log('The request will be retried in {} seconds.'.format(waittime))
+                            self.log('The request will be retried in {} seconds, at {:%H:%M}.'
+                                     .format(waittime, datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=waittime)))
                             time.sleep(waittime)
                 self._sleep()
                 return self.get_json(path=path, params=params, host=host, session=sess, _attempt=_attempt + 1)

instaloader/structures.py

@@ -12,8 +12,24 @@ from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext
 
 
 PostSidecarNode = namedtuple('PostSidecarNode', ['is_video', 'display_url', 'video_url'])
+PostSidecarNode.__doc__ = "Item of a Sidecar Post."
+PostSidecarNode.is_video.__doc__ = "Whether this node is a video."
+PostSidecarNode.display_url.__doc__ = "URL of image or video thumbnail."
+PostSidecarNode.video_url.__doc__ = "URL of video or None."
+
 PostComment = namedtuple('PostComment', ['id', 'created_at_utc', 'text', 'owner'])
+PostComment.id.__doc__ = "ID number of comment."
+PostComment.created_at_utc.__doc__ = ":class:`~datetime.datetime` when comment was created (UTC)."
+PostComment.text.__doc__ = "Comment text."
+PostComment.owner.__doc__ = "Owner :class:`Profile` of the comment."
+
 PostLocation = namedtuple('PostLocation', ['id', 'name', 'slug', 'has_public_page', 'lat', 'lng'])
+PostLocation.id.__doc__ = "ID number of location."
+PostLocation.name.__doc__ = "Location name."
+PostLocation.slug.__doc__ = "URL friendly variant of location name."
+PostLocation.has_public_page.__doc__ = "Whether location has a public page."
+PostLocation.lat.__doc__ = "Latitude (:class:`float`)."
+PostLocation.lng.__doc__ = "Longitude (:class:`float`)."
 
 
 class Post:
@@ -77,10 +93,9 @@ class Post:
         return b64encode(mediaid.to_bytes(9, 'big'), b'-_').decode().replace('A', ' ').lstrip().replace(' ', 'A')
 
     def _asdict(self):
+        node = self._node
         if self._full_metadata_dict:
-            node = self._full_metadata_dict
+            node.update(self._full_metadata_dict)
-        else:
-            node = self._node
         if self._owner_profile:
             node['owner'] = self.owner_profile._asdict()
         if self._location:
@@ -190,10 +205,7 @@ class Post:
     @property
     def typename(self) -> str:
         """Type of post, GraphImage, GraphVideo or GraphSidecar"""
-        if '__typename' in self._node:
+        return self._field('__typename')
-            return self._node['__typename']
-        # if __typename is not in node, it is an old image or video
-        return 'GraphImage'
 
     def get_sidecar_nodes(self) -> Iterator[PostSidecarNode]:
         """Sidecar nodes of a Post with typename==GraphSidecar."""
@@ -358,13 +370,20 @@ class Profile:
     def __init__(self, context: InstaloaderContext, node: Dict[str, Any]):
         assert 'username' in node
         self._context = context
+        self._has_public_story = None
         self._node = node
         self._rhx_gis = None
+        self._iphone_struct_ = None
+        if 'iphone_struct' in node:
+            # if loaded from JSON with load_structure_from_file()
+            self._iphone_struct_ = node['iphone_struct']
 
     @classmethod
     def from_username(cls, context: InstaloaderContext, username: str):
         """Create a Profile instance from a given username, raise exception if it does not exist.
 
+        See also :meth:`Instaloader.check_profile_id`.
+
         :param context: :attr:`Instaloader.context`
         :param username: Username
         :raises: :class:`ProfileNotExistsException`
@@ -383,6 +402,8 @@ class Profile:
         :param profile_id: userid
         :raises: :class:`ProfileNotExistsException`, :class:`ProfileHasNoPicsException`
         """
+        if profile_id in context.profile_id_cache:
+            return context.profile_id_cache[profile_id]
         data = context.graphql_query("472f257a40c653c64c666ce877d59d2b",
                                      {'id': str(profile_id), 'first': 1},
                                      rhx_gis=context.root_rhx_gis)['data']['user']
@@ -396,7 +417,9 @@ class Profile:
                 raise ProfileHasNoPicsException("Profile with ID {0}: no pics found.".format(str(profile_id)))
             else:
                 raise LoginRequiredException("Login required to determine username (ID: " + str(profile_id) + ").")
-        return Post(context, data['edges'][0]['node']).owner_profile
+        profile = Post(context, data['edges'][0]['node']).owner_profile
+        context.profile_id_cache[profile_id] = profile
+        return profile
 
     def _asdict(self):
         json_node = self._node.copy()
@@ -404,6 +427,8 @@ class Profile:
         json_node.pop('edge_media_collections', None)
         json_node.pop('edge_owner_to_timeline_media', None)
         json_node.pop('edge_saved_media', None)
+        if self._iphone_struct_:
+            json_node['iphone_struct'] = self._iphone_struct_
         return json_node
 
     def _obtain_metadata(self):
@@ -412,8 +437,8 @@ class Profile:
                 metadata = self._context.get_json('{}/'.format(self.username), params={})
                 self._node = metadata['entry_data']['ProfilePage'][0]['graphql']['user']
                 self._rhx_gis = metadata['rhx_gis']
-        except QueryReturnedNotFoundException:
+        except (QueryReturnedNotFoundException, KeyError) as err:
-            raise ProfileNotExistsException('Profile {} does not exist.'.format(self.username))
+            raise ProfileNotExistsException('Profile {} does not exist.'.format(self.username)) from err
 
     def _metadata(self, *keys) -> Any:
         try:
@@ -428,6 +453,15 @@ class Profile:
                 d = d[key]
             return d
 
+    @property
+    def _iphone_struct(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        if not self._iphone_struct_:
+            with self._context.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_context:
+                data = anonymous_context.get_json(path='api/v1/users/{}/info/'.format(self.userid),
+                                                  params={}, host='i.instagram.com')
+            self._iphone_struct_ = data['user']
+        return self._iphone_struct_
+
     @property
     def userid(self) -> int:
         """User ID"""
@@ -461,6 +495,18 @@ class Profile:
     def mediacount(self) -> int:
         return self._metadata('edge_owner_to_timeline_media', 'count')
 
+    @property
+    def followers(self) -> int:
+        return self._metadata('edge_followed_by', 'count')
+
+    @property
+    def followees(self) -> int:
+        return self._metadata('edge_follow', 'count')
+
+    @property
+    def external_url(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        return self._metadata('external_url')
+
     @property
     def biography(self) -> str:
         return self._metadata('biography')
@@ -481,6 +527,43 @@ class Profile:
     def has_blocked_viewer(self) -> bool:
         return self._metadata('has_blocked_viewer')
 
+    @property
+    def has_highlight_reels(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        .. deprecated:: 4.0.6
+           Always returns `True` since :issue:`153`.
+
+        Before broken, this indicated whether the :class:`Profile` had available stories.
+        """
+        return True
+
+    @property
+    def has_public_story(self) -> bool:
+        if not self._has_public_story:
+            self._obtain_metadata()
+            # query not rate limited if invoked anonymously:
+            with self._context.anonymous_copy() as anonymous_context:
+                data = anonymous_context.graphql_query('9ca88e465c3f866a76f7adee3871bdd8',
+                                                       {'user_id': self.userid, 'include_chaining': False,
+                                                        'include_reel': False, 'include_suggested_users': False,
+                                                        'include_logged_out_extras': True,
+                                                        'include_highlight_reels': False},
+                                                       'https://www.instagram.com/{}/'.format(self.username),
+                                                       self._rhx_gis)
+            self._has_public_story = data['data']['user']['has_public_story']
+        return self._has_public_story
+
+    @property
+    def has_viewable_story(self) -> bool:
+        """
+        .. deprecated:: 4.0.6
+
+        Some stories are private. This property determines if the :class:`Profile`
+        has at least one story which can be viewed using the associated :class:`InstaloaderContext`,
+        i.e. the viewer has privileges to view it.
+        """
+        return self.has_public_story or self.followed_by_viewer and self.has_highlight_reels
+
     @property
     def has_requested_viewer(self) -> bool:
         return self._metadata('has_requested_viewer')
@@ -493,17 +576,23 @@ class Profile:
     def requested_by_viewer(self) -> bool:
         return self._metadata('requested_by_viewer')
 
-    def get_profile_pic_url(self) -> str:
+    @property
-        """Return URL of profile picture"""
+    def profile_pic_url(self) -> str:
+        """Return URL of profile picture
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.0.3"""
         try:
-            with self._context.get_anonymous_session() as anonymous_session:
+            return self._iphone_struct['hd_profile_pic_url_info']['url']
-                data = self._context.get_json(path='api/v1/users/{0}/info/'.format(self.userid), params={},
-                                              host='i.instagram.com', session=anonymous_session)
-            return data["user"]["hd_profile_pic_url_info"]["url"]
         except (InstaloaderException, KeyError) as err:
             self._context.error('{} Unable to fetch high quality profile pic.'.format(err))
             return self._metadata("profile_pic_url_hd")
 
+    def get_profile_pic_url(self) -> str:
+        """.. deprecated:: 4.0.3
+
+	   Use :attr:`profile_pic_url`."""
+        return self.profile_pic_url
+
     def get_posts(self) -> Iterator[Post]:
         """Retrieve all posts from a profile."""
         self._obtain_metadata()
@@ -530,6 +619,18 @@ class Profile:
                                                     self._rhx_gis,
                                                     self._metadata('edge_saved_media')))
 
+    def get_tagged_posts(self) -> Iterator[Post]:
+        """Retrieve all posts where a profile is tagged.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.0.7"""
+        self._obtain_metadata()
+        yield from (Post(self._context, node, self if int(node['owner']['id']) == self.userid else None) for node in
+                    self._context.graphql_node_list("e31a871f7301132ceaab56507a66bbb7",
+                                                    {'id': self.userid},
+                                                    'https://www.instagram.com/{0}/'.format(self.username),
+                                                    lambda d: d['data']['user']['edge_user_to_photos_of_you'],
+                                                    self._rhx_gis))
+
     def get_followers(self) -> Iterator['Profile']:
         """
         Retrieve list of followers of given profile.
@@ -687,7 +788,7 @@ class Story:
            # story is a Story object
            for item in story.get_items():
                # item is a StoryItem object
-               L.download_storyitem(item, ':stores')
+               L.download_storyitem(item, ':stories')
 
     This class implements == and is hashable.
 
@@ -710,13 +811,13 @@ class Story:
         return NotImplemented
 
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
-        return hash(self._unique_id)
+        return hash(self.unique_id)
 
     @property
     def unique_id(self) -> str:
         """
         This ID only equals amongst :class:`Story` instances which have the same owner and the same set of
-        :class:`StoryItem`s. For all other :class:`Story` instances this ID is different.
+        :class:`StoryItem`. For all other :class:`Story` instances this ID is different.
         """
         if not self._unique_id:
             id_list = [item.mediaid for item in self.get_items()]
@@ -773,6 +874,83 @@ class Story:
         yield from (StoryItem(self._context, item, self.owner_profile) for item in reversed(self._node['items']))
 
 
+class Highlight(Story):
+    """
+    Structure representing a user's highlight with its associated story items.
+
+    Provides methods for accessing highlight properties, as well as :meth:`Highlight.get_items` to request associated
+    :class:`StoryItem` nodes. Highlights are returned by :meth:`Instaloader.get_highlights`.
+
+    With a logged-in :class:`Instaloader` instance `L`, you may download all highlights of a :class:`Profile` instance
+    USER with::
+
+       for highlight in L.get_highlights(USER):
+           # highlight is a Highlight object
+           for item in highlight.get_items():
+               # item is a StoryItem object
+               L.download_storyitem(item, '{}/{}'.format(highlight.owner_username, highlight.title))
+
+    This class implements == and is hashable.
+
+    :param context: :class:`InstaloaderContext` instance used for additional queries if necessary.
+    :param node: Dictionary containing the available information of the highlight as returned by Instagram.
+    :param owner: :class:`Profile` instance representing the owner profile of the highlight.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, context: InstaloaderContext, node: Dict[str, Any], owner: Optional[Profile] = None):
+        super().__init__(context, node)
+        self._owner_profile = owner
+        self._items = None
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<Highlight by {}: {}>'.format(self.owner_username, self.title)
+
+    @property
+    def unique_id(self) -> int:
+        """A unique ID identifying this set of highlights."""
+        return int(self._node['id'])
+
+    @property
+    def owner_profile(self) -> Profile:
+        """:class:`Profile` instance of the highlights' owner."""
+        if not self._owner_profile:
+            self._owner_profile = Profile(self._context, self._node['owner'])
+        return self._owner_profile
+
+    @property
+    def title(self) -> str:
+        """The title of these highlights."""
+        return self._node['title']
+
+    @property
+    def cover_url(self) -> str:
+        """URL of the highlights' cover."""
+        return self._node['cover_media']['thumbnail_src']
+
+    @property
+    def cover_cropped_url(self) -> str:
+        """URL of the cropped version of the cover."""
+        return self._node['cover_media_cropped_thumbnail']['url']
+
+    def _fetch_items(self):
+        if not self._items:
+            self._items = self._context.graphql_query("45246d3fe16ccc6577e0bd297a5db1ab",
+                                                      {"reel_ids": [], "tag_names": [], "location_ids": [],
+                                                       "highlight_reel_ids": [str(self.unique_id)],
+                                                       "precomposed_overlay": False})['data']['reels_media'][0]['items']
+
+    @property
+    def itemcount(self) -> int:
+        """Count of items associated with the :class:`Highlight` instance."""
+        self._fetch_items()
+        return len(self._items)
+
+    def get_items(self) -> Iterator[StoryItem]:
+        """Retrieve all associated highlight items."""
+        self._fetch_items()
+        yield from (StoryItem(self._context, item, self.owner_profile) for item in self._items)
+
+
 JsonExportable = Union[Post, Profile, StoryItem]
 
 
@@ -799,7 +977,7 @@ def save_structure_to_file(structure: JsonExportable, filename: str) -> None:
 
 def load_structure_from_file(context: InstaloaderContext, filename: str) -> JsonExportable:
     """Loads a :class:`Post`, :class:`Profile` or :class:`StoryItem` from a '.json' or '.json.xz' file that
-    has been saved by :func:`save_structure_from_file`.
+    has been saved by :func:`save_structure_to_file`.
 
     :param context: :attr:`Instaloader.context` linked to the new object, used for additional queries if neccessary.
     :param filename: Filename, ends in '.json' or '.json.xz'

test/instaloader_unittests.py

@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ import os
 import shutil
 import tempfile
 import unittest
+from itertools import islice
 
 import instaloader
 
+PROFILE_WITH_HIGHLIGHTS = 325732271
 PUBLIC_PROFILE = "selenagomez"
 PUBLIC_PROFILE_ID = 460563723
 HASHTAG = "kitten"
@@ -15,6 +17,9 @@ NORMAL_MAX_COUNT = 2
 PAGING_MAX_COUNT = 15
 PRIVATE_PROFILE = "aandergr"
 
+# Preserve query timestamps (rate control) between tests to not get rate limited
+instaloadercontext_query_timestamps = list()
+
 
 class TestInstaloaderAnonymously(unittest.TestCase):
 
@@ -26,23 +31,31 @@ class TestInstaloaderAnonymously(unittest.TestCase):
                                          download_comments=True,
                                          save_metadata=True)
         self.L.context.raise_all_errors = True
+        self.L.context.query_timestamps = instaloadercontext_query_timestamps
 
     def tearDown(self):
+        global instaloadercontext_query_timestamps
+        instaloadercontext_query_timestamps = self.L.context.query_timestamps
         self.L.close()
         os.chdir('/')
         print("Removing {}".format(self.dir))
         shutil.rmtree(self.dir)
 
+    def post_paging_test(self, iterator):
+        previous_post = None
+        for post in islice(iterator, PAGING_MAX_COUNT):
+            print(post)
+            if previous_post:
+                self.assertTrue(post.date_utc < previous_post.date_utc)
+            previous_post = post
+
     @unittest.SkipTest
     def test_public_profile_download(self):
         self.L.download_profile(PUBLIC_PROFILE, profile_pic=False, fast_update=True)
         self.L.download_profile(PUBLIC_PROFILE, profile_pic=False, fast_update=True)
 
     def test_public_profile_paging(self):
-        for count, post in enumerate(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).get_posts()):
+        self.post_paging_test(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).get_posts())
-            print(post)
-            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
-                break
 
     def test_profile_pic_download(self):
         self.L.download_profile(PUBLIC_PROFILE, profile_pic_only=True)
@@ -64,6 +77,11 @@ class TestInstaloaderAnonymously(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(post, post2)
             break
 
+    def test_public_profile_tagged_paging(self):
+        for post in islice(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PUBLIC_PROFILE).get_tagged_posts(),
+                           PAGING_MAX_COUNT):
+            print(post)
+
 
 class TestInstaloaderLoggedIn(TestInstaloaderAnonymously):
 
@@ -85,11 +103,16 @@ class TestInstaloaderLoggedIn(TestInstaloaderAnonymously):
             for item in user_story.get_items():
                 print(item)
 
+    def test_highlights_paging(self):
+        for user_highlight in self.L.get_highlights(PROFILE_WITH_HIGHLIGHTS):
+            print("Retrieving {} highlights \"{}\" from profile {}".format(user_highlight.itemcount,
+                                                                           user_highlight.title,
+                                                                           user_highlight.owner_username))
+            for item in user_highlight.get_items():
+                print(item)
+
     def test_private_profile_paging(self):
-        for count, post in enumerate(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PRIVATE_PROFILE).get_posts()):
+        self.post_paging_test(instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, PRIVATE_PROFILE).get_posts())
-            print(post)
-            if count == PAGING_MAX_COUNT:
-                break
 
     def test_feed_download(self):
         self.L.download_feed_posts(NORMAL_MAX_COUNT)
@@ -112,6 +135,11 @@ class TestInstaloaderLoggedIn(TestInstaloaderAnonymously):
     def test_test_login(self):
         self.assertEqual(OWN_USERNAME, self.L.test_login())
 
+    def test_followees_and_stories(self):
+        profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME)
+        for f in islice(profile.get_followees(), PAGING_MAX_COUNT):
+            self.L.download_profile(f.username, profile_pic=False, download_stories_only=True)
+
     def test_get_followees(self):
         profile = instaloader.Profile.from_username(self.L.context, OWN_USERNAME)
         for f in profile.get_followees():