First Alpha Release for Version 4.6

Co-authored-by: Alexander Graf <17130992+aandergr@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Steps to reproduce the behavior:
 (e.g. Instaloader command line)
 
 **Expected behavior**
-A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen (if not obvious).
+A clear and concise description of what you expected to happen (even if it seems obvious).
 
 **Error messages and tracebacks**
 If applicable, add error messages and tracebacks to help explain your problem.
@@ -24,4 +24,9 @@ If applicable, add error messages and tracebacks to help explain your problem.
 **Additional context**
 Add any other context about the problem here.
 
-<!-- please also see https://instaloader.github.io/contributing.html for how to report a bug -->
+<!--
+Also see https://instaloader.github.io/contributing.html for how to report a bug.
+
+Please understand that a bug issue that lacks the required information cannot be
+processed.
+-->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/question.md

@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@ labels: question
 
 Your question here...
 
-<!-- Please see our documentation: https://instaloader.github.io/ -->
+<!--
+People will be better able and more motivated to provide help if your question
 
-<!-- Basic questions regarding Instaloader's usage might be more appropriate to ask on Stack Overflow -->
+ - has a concise and meaningful title,
+ - is not covered by the documentation: https://instaloader.github.io/,
+ - is actually related to Instaloader (this is not a Python help forum),
+ - has not already been answered here or on other sites such as Stack Overflow: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/instaloader,
+ - is written in a polite and welcoming tone.
+-->

AUTHORS.md

@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ Instaloader is written by
 - Alexander Graf (@aandergr)
 - André Koch-Kramer (@Thammus)
 - Lars Lindqvist (@e5150)
+- ... and many more, see https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/graphs/contributors

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+
+# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
+
+## Our Pledge
+
+We as members, contributors, and leaders pledge to make participation in our
+community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body
+size, visible or invisible disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender
+identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status,
+nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity
+and orientation.
+
+We pledge to act and interact in ways that contribute to an open, welcoming,
+diverse, inclusive, and healthy community.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contributes to a positive environment for our
+community include:
+
+* Demonstrating empathy and kindness toward other people
+* Being respectful of differing opinions, viewpoints, and experiences
+* Giving and gracefully accepting constructive feedback
+* Accepting responsibility and apologizing to those affected by our mistakes,
+  and learning from the experience
+* Focusing on what is best not just for us as individuals, but for the
+  overall community
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior include:
+
+* The use of sexualized language or imagery, and sexual attention or
+  advances of any kind
+* Trolling, insulting or derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
+* Public or private harassment
+* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or email
+  address, without their explicit permission
+* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a
+  professional setting
+
+## Enforcement Responsibilities
+
+Community leaders are responsible for clarifying and enforcing our standards of
+acceptable behavior and will take appropriate and fair corrective action in
+response to any behavior that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive,
+or harmful.
+
+Community leaders have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject
+comments, commits, code, wiki edits, issues, and other contributions that are
+not aligned to this Code of Conduct, and will communicate reasons for moderation
+decisions when appropriate.
+
+## Scope
+
+This Code of Conduct applies within all community spaces, and also applies when
+an individual is officially representing the community in public spaces.
+Examples of representing our community include using an official e-mail address,
+posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed
+representative at an online or offline event.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be
+reported to the community leaders responsible for enforcement by opening an
+issue or contacting one or more of the project maintainers.
+
+All complaints will be reviewed and investigated promptly and fairly.
+
+All community leaders are obligated to respect the privacy and security of the
+reporter of any incident.
+
+## Enforcement Guidelines
+
+Community leaders will follow these Community Impact Guidelines in determining
+the consequences for any action they deem in violation of this Code of Conduct:
+
+### 1. Correction
+
+**Community Impact**: Use of inappropriate language or other behavior deemed
+unprofessional or unwelcome in the community.
+
+**Consequence**: A private, written warning from community leaders, providing
+clarity around the nature of the violation and an explanation of why the
+behavior was inappropriate. A public apology may be requested.
+
+### 2. Warning
+
+**Community Impact**: A violation through a single incident or series
+of actions.
+
+**Consequence**: A warning with consequences for continued behavior. No
+interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction with
+those enforcing the Code of Conduct, for a specified period of time. This
+includes avoiding interactions in community spaces as well as external channels
+like social media. Violating these terms may lead to a temporary or
+permanent ban.
+
+### 3. Temporary Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: A serious violation of community standards, including
+sustained inappropriate behavior.
+
+**Consequence**: A temporary ban from any sort of interaction or public
+communication with the community for a specified period of time. No public or
+private interaction with the people involved, including unsolicited interaction
+with those enforcing the Code of Conduct, is allowed during this period.
+Violating these terms may lead to a permanent ban.
+
+### 4. Permanent Ban
+
+**Community Impact**: Demonstrating a pattern of violation of community
+standards, including sustained inappropriate behavior,  harassment of an
+individual, or aggression toward or disparagement of classes of individuals.
+
+**Consequence**: A permanent ban from any sort of public interaction within
+the community.
+
+## Attribution
+
+This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage],
+version 2.0, available at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html][v2.0].
+
+Community Impact Guidelines were inspired by 
+[Mozilla's code of conduct enforcement ladder][Mozilla CoC].
+
+For answers to common questions about this code of conduct, see the FAQ at
+[https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq][FAQ]. Translations are available 
+at [https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations][translations].
+
+[homepage]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org
+[v2.0]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/2/0/code_of_conduct.html
+[Mozilla CoC]: https://github.com/mozilla/diversity
+[FAQ]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/faq
+[translations]: https://www.contributor-covenant.org/translations
+

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Alexander Graf and André Koch-Kramer.
+Copyright (c) 2016-2020 Alexander Graf and André Koch-Kramer.
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

docs/basic-usage.rst

@@ -171,6 +171,9 @@ dirname pattern. The following tokens are defined for usage with
 - ``{mediaid}``
    Integer representation of shortcode.
 
+- ``{filename}``
+   Instagram's internal filename.
+
 - ``{date_utc}`` (same as ``{date}``)
    Creation time in UTC timezone.
    `strftime()-style formatting options <https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior>`__

docs/cli-options.rst

@@ -82,6 +82,16 @@ What to Download of each Post
    Template to write in txt file for each StoryItem. See
    :ref:`metadata-text-files`.
 
+.. option:: --slide
+
+   Download only selected images of a sidecar. You can select single images using their
+   index in the sidecar starting with the leftmost or you can specify a range of images
+   with the following syntax: ``start_index-end_index``. Example:
+   ``--slide 1`` will select only the first image, ``--slide last`` only the last one and ``--slide 1-3`` will select only
+   the first three images.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 4.6
+
 .. option:: --no-metadata-json
 
    Do not create a JSON file containing the metadata of each post.
@@ -238,10 +248,13 @@ How to Download
 
 .. option:: --request-timeout N
 
-   Seconds to wait before timing out a connection request.
+   Seconds to wait before timing out a connection request. Defaults to 300.
 
    .. versionadded:: 4.3
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 4.6
+      Enabled this option by default with a timeout of 300 seconds.
+
 Miscellaneous Options
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 

docs/codesnippets/615_import_firefox_session.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def get_cookiefile():
 
 def import_session(cookiefile, sessionfile):
     print("Using cookies from {}.".format(cookiefile))
-    conn = connect(cookiefile)
+    conn = connect(f"file:{cookiefile}?immutable=1", uri=True)
     try:
         cookie_data = conn.execute(
             "SELECT name, value FROM moz_cookies WHERE baseDomain='instagram.com'"

docs/contributing.rst

@@ -11,6 +11,15 @@ Instaloader's development is organized on
 `GitHub <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader>`__, where Issues and Pull
 Requests are discussed.
 
+Answering Questions
+-------------------
+
+The easiest way to help out is to answer questions. If you are interested in
+answering questions regarding Instaloader, good places to start are
+
+- `Questions tagged 'instaloader' on Stack Overflow <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/instaloader>`__,
+- `Instaloader Issues labeled 'question' <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Aquestion>`__.
+
 Reporting Bugs
 --------------
 
@@ -32,7 +41,7 @@ reporting a problem, please keep the following in mind:
 
 - Include all **error messages and tracebacks** in the report.
 
-- If not obvious, describe **which behavior you expected**
+- Even if it seems obvious, describe **which behavior you expected**
   instead of what actually happened.
 
 - If we have closed an issue apparently inadvertently or inappropriately, please
@@ -41,22 +50,39 @@ reporting a problem, please keep the following in mind:
 Writing Code or Improving the Documentation
 -------------------------------------------
 
-Changes of the Instaloader source can be proposed as a
+Improvements of the Instaloader source or its documentation can be proposed as a
-`Pull Request <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/pulls>`__. There are only
+`Pull Request <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/pulls>`__.
-few things to consider:
 
-- Base your Pull Request on the ``master`` branch if it fixes a bug,
+- Please base your Pull Request on
-  or the ``upcoming/v4.X`` branch (if it exists at the moment of submitting the PR)
-  otherwise.
 
-- We use `Pylint <https://www.pylint.org/>`__ for error and syntax checking of
+  - ``master``, which will be released with the next minor release, if it is
-  the source and `MyPy <https://github.com/python/mypy>`__ for type checking.
-  Beware that sometimes it might be better to disable a warning rather than
-  adapting the code to a tool's desires.
 
-- The documentation source is located in the ``docs`` folder. The file
+    - a bug fix that does not require extensive testing,
-  ``cli-options.rst`` is merely an RST-formatted copy of ``instaloader --help``
+    - an improvement to the documentation,
-  output, of which the source is in ``instaloader/__main__.py``.
+
+  - ``upcoming/v4.X``, if it is
+
+    - a new feature,
+    - a bug fix that does require thorough testing before being released to a
+      final version.
+
+- All Pull Requests are analyzed by `Pylint <https://www.pylint.org/>`__ for
+  error and syntax checking of the source and
+  `Mypy <https://github.com/python/mypy>`__ for type checking. You can run them
+  locally with::
+
+     pylint instaloader
+     mypy -m instaloader
+
+- Improvements to the documentation are very welcome. The documentation is
+  created with `Sphinx <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/2.0/>`__, version 2,
+  and can be build locally using::
+
+     make -C docs html
+
+- Feel free to create an issue to make sure someone from the Instaloader team
+  agrees that the change might be an improvement, and is happy with your basic
+  proposal, before working on a pull request.
 
 Proposing Features
 ------------------

docs/installation.rst

@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ To **upgrade Instaloader** to its current version, do::
 - On **Windows 10**, you may download the standalone executable from the
   `current release page <https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/releases/latest>`__.
 
+- On **Android**, you can use Instaloader with `Termux <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.termux>`__
+  after typing ``pkg install python`` and ``pip3 install instaloader``.
+
 - To test the most current **pre-release** version of Instaloader::
 
      pip3 install --pre instaloader

docs/troubleshooting.rst

@@ -9,10 +9,7 @@ Troubleshooting
 ---------------------
 
 Instaloader has a logic to keep track of its requests to Instagram and to obey
-their rate limits. Since they are nowhere documented, we try them out
+their rate limits. The rate controller assumes that
-experimentally. We have a daily cron job running to confirm that Instaloader
-still stays within the rate limits. Nevertheless, the rate control logic assumes
-that
 
 - at one time, Instaloader is the only application that consumes requests, i.e.
   neither the Instagram browser interface, nor a mobile app, nor another
@@ -21,7 +18,13 @@ that
 - no requests had been consumed when Instaloader starts.
 
 The latter one implies that restarting or reinstantiating Instaloader often
-within short time is prone to cause a 429. If a request is denied with a 429,
+within short time is prone to cause a 429.
+
+Since the behavior of the rate controller might change between different
+versions of Instaloader, make sure to use the current version of Instaloader,
+especially when encountering many 429 errors.
+
+If a request is denied with a 429,
 Instaloader retries the request as soon as the temporary ban is assumed to be
 expired. In case the retry continuously fails for some reason, which should not
 happen under normal conditions, consider adjusting the
@@ -32,13 +35,18 @@ promiscuous IP addresses, such as cloud, VPN and public proxy services, might be
 subject to significantly stricter limits for anonymous access. However,
 logged-in accesses (see :option:`--login`) do not seem to be affected.
 
+Instaloader allows to adjust the rate controlling behavior by overriding
+:class:`instaloader.RateController`.
+
 Too many queries in the last time
 ---------------------------------
 
 **"Too many queries in the last time"** is not an error. It is a notice that the
 rate limit has almost been reached, according to Instaloader's own rate
-accounting mechanism. We regularly adjust this mechanism to match Instagram's
+accounting mechanism.
-current rate limiting.
+
+Instaloader allows to adjust the rate controlling behavior by overriding
+:class:`instaloader.RateController`.
 
 Private but not followed
 ------------------------
@@ -57,9 +65,8 @@ pointing the user to an URL to be opened in a browser.
 Nevertheless, in :issue:`92` and :issue:`615` users reported problems with
 logging in. We recommend to always keep the session file which Instaloader
 creates when using :option:`--login`. If a session file is present,
-:option:`--login` does not make make use of the failure-prone login procedure.
+:option:`--login` does not make use of the failure-prone login procedure.
-Also, session files usually do not expire and can be copied between different
+Also, session files usually do not expire.
-computers without any problems.
 
 If you do not have a session file present, you may use the following script
 (:example:`615_import_firefox_session.py`) to workaround login problems by

instaloader/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """Download pictures (or videos) along with their captions and other metadata from Instagram."""
 
 
-__version__ = '4.5'
+__version__ = '4.6a1'
 
 
 try:

instaloader/__main__.py

@@ -222,14 +222,13 @@ def _main(instaloader: Instaloader, targetlist: List[str],
             # Instaloader did at least save a session file
             instaloader.context.log("No targets were specified, thus nothing has been downloaded.")
         else:
-            # Instloader did not do anything
+            # Instaloader did not do anything
             instaloader.context.log("usage:" + usage_string())
 
 
 def main():
     parser = ArgumentParser(description=__doc__, add_help=False, usage=usage_string(),
-                            epilog="Report issues at https://github.com/instaloader/instaloader/issues. "
+                            epilog="The complete documentation can be found at "
-                                   "The complete documentation can be found at "
                                    "https://instaloader.github.io/.",
                             fromfile_prefix_chars='+')
 
@@ -268,6 +267,8 @@ def main():
                         help="Do not download regular posts.")
     g_prof.add_argument('--no-profile-pic', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not download profile picture.')
+    g_post.add_argument('--slide', action='store',
+                        help='Set what image/interval of a sidecar you want to download.')
     g_post.add_argument('--no-pictures', action='store_true',
                         help='Do not download post pictures. Cannot be used together with --fast-update. '
                              'Implies --no-video-thumbnails, does not imply --no-videos.')
@@ -366,8 +367,8 @@ def main():
                             'connection fails, it can be manually skipped by hitting CTRL+C. Set this to 0 to retry '
                             'infinitely.')
     g_how.add_argument('--commit-mode', action='store_true', help=SUPPRESS)
-    g_how.add_argument('--request-timeout', metavar='N', type=float,
+    g_how.add_argument('--request-timeout', metavar='N', type=float, default=300.0,
-                       help='seconds to wait before timing out a connection request')
+                       help='Seconds to wait before timing out a connection request. Defaults to 300.')
 
     g_misc = parser.add_argument_group('Miscellaneous Options')
     g_misc.add_argument('-q', '--quiet', action='store_true',
@@ -425,7 +426,8 @@ def main():
                              max_connection_attempts=args.max_connection_attempts,
                              request_timeout=args.request_timeout,
                              resume_prefix=resume_prefix,
-                             check_resume_bbd=not args.use_aged_resume_files)
+                             check_resume_bbd=not args.use_aged_resume_files,
+                             slide=args.slide)
         _main(loader,
               args.profile,
               username=args.login.lower() if args.login is not None else None,

instaloader/instaloader.py

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ from functools import wraps
 from hashlib import md5
 from io import BytesIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Callable, ContextManager, IO, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Union, cast
+from typing import Any, Callable, IO, Iterator, List, Optional, Set, Union, cast
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 import requests
 import urllib3  # type: ignore
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ from .exceptions import *
 from .instaloadercontext import InstaloaderContext, RateController
 from .nodeiterator import NodeIterator, resumable_iteration
 from .structures import (Hashtag, Highlight, JsonExportable, Post, PostLocation, Profile, Story, StoryItem,
-                         load_structure_from_file, save_structure_to_file)
+                         load_structure_from_file, save_structure_to_file, PostSidecarNode)
 
 
 def get_default_session_filename(username: str) -> str:
@@ -101,6 +102,8 @@ class _ArbitraryItemFormatter(string.Formatter):
 
     def get_value(self, key, args, kwargs):
         """Override to substitute {ATTRIBUTE} by attributes of our _item."""
+        if key == 'filename' and isinstance(self._item, (Post, StoryItem, PostSidecarNode)):
+            return "{filename}"
         if hasattr(self._item, key):
             return getattr(self._item, key)
         return super().get_value(key, args, kwargs)
@@ -157,6 +160,7 @@ class Instaloader:
     :param rate_controller: Generator for a :class:`RateController` to override rate controlling behavior
     :param resume_prefix: :option:`--resume-prefix`, or None for :option:`--no-resume`.
     :param check_resume_bbd: Whether to check the date of expiry of resume files and reject them if expired.
+    :param slide: :option:`--slide`
 
     .. attribute:: context
 
@@ -179,10 +183,11 @@ class Instaloader:
                  post_metadata_txt_pattern: str = None,
                  storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern: str = None,
                  max_connection_attempts: int = 3,
-                 request_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
+                 request_timeout: float = 300.0,
                  rate_controller: Optional[Callable[[InstaloaderContext], RateController]] = None,
                  resume_prefix: Optional[str] = "iterator",
-                 check_resume_bbd: bool = True):
+                 check_resume_bbd: bool = True,
+                 slide: Optional[str] = None):
 
         self.context = InstaloaderContext(sleep, quiet, user_agent, max_connection_attempts,
                                           request_timeout, rate_controller)
@@ -204,6 +209,31 @@ class Instaloader:
         self.resume_prefix = resume_prefix
         self.check_resume_bbd = check_resume_bbd
 
+        self.slide = slide or ""
+        self.slide_start = 0
+        self.slide_end = -1
+        if self.slide != "":
+            splitted = self.slide.split('-')
+            if len(splitted) == 1:
+                if splitted[0] == 'last':
+                    # download only last image of a sidecar
+                    self.slide_start = -1
+                else:
+                    if int(splitted[0]) > 0:
+                        self.slide_start = self.slide_end = int(splitted[0])-1
+                    else:
+                        raise InvalidArgumentException("--slide parameter must be greater than 0.")
+            elif len(splitted) == 2:
+                if splitted[1] == 'last':
+                    self.slide_start = int(splitted[0])-1
+                elif 0 < int(splitted[0]) < int(splitted[1]):
+                    self.slide_start = int(splitted[0])-1
+                    self.slide_end = int(splitted[1])-1
+                else:
+                    raise InvalidArgumentException("Invalid data for --slide parameter.")
+            else:
+                raise InvalidArgumentException("Invalid data for --slide parameter.")
+
     @contextmanager
     def anonymous_copy(self):
         """Yield an anonymous, otherwise equally-configured copy of an Instaloader instance; Then copy its error log."""
@@ -225,7 +255,8 @@ class Instaloader:
             max_connection_attempts=self.context.max_connection_attempts,
             request_timeout=self.context.request_timeout,
             resume_prefix=self.resume_prefix,
-            check_resume_bbd=self.check_resume_bbd)
+            check_resume_bbd=self.check_resume_bbd,
+            slide=self.slide)
         yield new_loader
         self.context.error_log.extend(new_loader.context.error_log)
         new_loader.context.error_log = []  # avoid double-printing of errors
@@ -470,13 +501,7 @@ class Instaloader:
 
     def test_login(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """Returns the Instagram username to which given :class:`requests.Session` object belongs, or None."""
-        data = self.context.graphql_query("d6f4427fbe92d846298cf93df0b937d3", {}).get('data', {}).get('user')
+        return self.context.test_login()
-        if data is not None:
-            profile = Profile.from_node(self.context, {'id': data.get('id'),
-                                                       'username': data.get('username'),
-                                                       'profile_pic_url_hd': data.get('profile_pic_url')})
-            return profile.username
-        return None
 
     def login(self, user: str, passwd: str) -> None:
         """Log in to instagram with given username and password and internally store session object.
@@ -498,7 +523,16 @@ class Instaloader:
         .. versionadded:: 4.2"""
         self.context.two_factor_login(two_factor_code)
 
-    def format_filename(self, item: Union[Post, StoryItem], target: Optional[Union[str, Path]] = None):
+    @staticmethod
+    def __prepare_filename(filename_template: str, url: str) -> str:
+        """Replace filename token inside filename_template with url's filename and assure the directories exist.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.6"""
+        filename = filename_template.replace("{filename}", os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(urlparse(url).path))[0])
+        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
+        return filename
+
+    def format_filename(self, item: Union[Post, StoryItem, PostSidecarNode], target: Optional[Union[str, Path]] = None):
         """Format filename of a :class:`Post` or :class:`StoryItem` according to ``filename-pattern`` parameter.
 
         .. versionadded:: 4.1"""
@@ -514,31 +548,44 @@ class Instaloader:
         """
 
         dirname = _PostPathFormatter(post).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
-        filename = os.path.join(dirname, self.format_filename(post, target=target))
+        filename_template = os.path.join(dirname, self.format_filename(post, target=target))
-        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
+        filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, post.url)
 
         # Download the image(s) / video thumbnail and videos within sidecars if desired
         downloaded = True
-        if self.download_pictures:
+        if post.typename == 'GraphSidecar':
-            if post.typename == 'GraphSidecar':
+            if self.download_pictures or self.download_videos:
-                edge_number = 1
+                for edge_number, sidecar_node in enumerate(
-                for sidecar_node in post.get_sidecar_nodes():
+                        post.get_sidecar_nodes(self.slide_start, self.slide_end),
-                    # Download picture or video thumbnail
+                        start=post.mediacount if self.slide_start < 0 else self.slide_start + 1
-                    if not sidecar_node.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
+                ):
+                    if self.download_pictures and (not sidecar_node.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails):
+                        suffix = str(edge_number)
+                        if '{filename}' in self.filename_pattern:
+                            suffix = ''
+                        filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, sidecar_node.display_url)
+                        # Download sidecar picture or video thumbnail (--no-pictures implies --no-video-thumbnails)
                         downloaded &= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=sidecar_node.display_url,
-                                                        mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=str(edge_number))
+                                                        mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=suffix)
-                    # Additionally download video if available and desired
+                    if sidecar_node.is_video and self.download_videos:
-                    if sidecar_node.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
+                        suffix = str(edge_number)
+                        if '{filename}' in self.filename_pattern:
+                            suffix = ''
+                        filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, sidecar_node.video_url)
+                        # Download sidecar video if desired
                         downloaded &= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=sidecar_node.video_url,
-                                                        mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=str(edge_number))
+                                                        mtime=post.date_local, filename_suffix=suffix)
-                    edge_number += 1
+        elif post.typename == 'GraphImage':
-            elif post.typename == 'GraphImage':
+            # Download picture
+            if self.download_pictures:
                 downloaded = self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=post.url, mtime=post.date_local)
-            elif post.typename == 'GraphVideo':
+        elif post.typename == 'GraphVideo':
-                if self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
+            # Download video thumbnail (--no-pictures implies --no-video-thumbnails)
+            if self.download_pictures and self.download_video_thumbnails:
+                with self.context.error_catcher("Video thumbnail of {}".format(post)):
                     downloaded = self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=post.url, mtime=post.date_local)
-            else:
+        else:
-                self.context.error("Warning: {0} has unknown typename: {1}".format(post, post.typename))
+            self.context.error("Warning: {0} has unknown typename: {1}".format(post, post.typename))
 
         # Save caption if desired
         metadata_string = _ArbitraryItemFormatter(post).format(self.post_metadata_txt_pattern).strip()
@@ -546,7 +593,7 @@ class Instaloader:
             self.save_caption(filename=filename, mtime=post.date_local, caption=metadata_string)
 
         # Download video if desired
-        if post.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
+        if post.is_video and self.download_videos:
             downloaded &= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=post.video_url, mtime=post.date_local)
 
         # Download geotags if desired
@@ -554,11 +601,11 @@ class Instaloader:
             self.save_location(filename, post.location, post.date_local)
 
         # Update comments if desired
-        if self.download_comments is True:
+        if self.download_comments:
             self.update_comments(filename=filename, post=post)
 
         # Save metadata as JSON if desired.
-        if self.save_metadata is not False:
+        if self.save_metadata:
             self.save_metadata_json(filename, post)
 
         self.context.log()
@@ -583,12 +630,12 @@ class Instaloader:
 
         def _userid_chunks():
             assert userids is not None
-            userids_per_query = 100
+            userids_per_query = 50
             for i in range(0, len(userids), userids_per_query):
                 yield userids[i:i + userids_per_query]
 
         for userid_chunk in _userid_chunks():
-            stories = self.context.graphql_query("bf41e22b1c4ba4c9f31b844ebb7d9056",
+            stories = self.context.graphql_query("303a4ae99711322310f25250d988f3b7",
                                                  {"reel_ids": userid_chunk, "precomposed_overlay": False})["data"]
             yield from (Story(self.context, media) for media in stories['reels_media'])
 
@@ -642,13 +689,14 @@ class Instaloader:
 
         date_local = item.date_local
         dirname = _PostPathFormatter(item).format(self.dirname_pattern, target=target)
-        filename = os.path.join(dirname, self.format_filename(item, target=target))
+        filename_template = os.path.join(dirname, self.format_filename(item, target=target))
-        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(filename), exist_ok=True)
+        filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, item.url)
         downloaded = False
         if not item.is_video or self.download_video_thumbnails is True:
             url = item.url
             downloaded = self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=url, mtime=date_local)
         if item.is_video and self.download_videos is True:
+            filename = self.__prepare_filename(filename_template, str(item.video_url))
             downloaded |= self.download_pic(filename=filename, url=item.video_url, mtime=date_local)
         # Save caption if desired
         metadata_string = _ArbitraryItemFormatter(item).format(self.storyitem_metadata_txt_pattern).strip()
@@ -861,7 +909,7 @@ class Instaloader:
         """
         self.context.log("Retrieving saved posts...")
         assert self.context.username is not None  # safe due to @_requires_login; required by typechecker
-        node_iterator = Profile.from_username(self.context, self.context.username).get_saved_posts()
+        node_iterator = Profile.own_profile(self.context).get_saved_posts()
         self.posts_download_loop(node_iterator, ":saved",
                                  fast_update, post_filter,
                                  max_count=max_count, total_count=node_iterator.count)
@@ -1113,11 +1161,11 @@ class Instaloader:
         def _error_raiser(_str):
             yield
 
-        error_handler = cast(Callable[[Optional[str]], ContextManager[None]],
+        # error_handler type is Callable[[Optional[str]], ContextManager[None]] (not supported with Python 3.5.0..3.5.3)
-                             _error_raiser if raise_errors else self.context.error_catcher)
+        error_handler = _error_raiser if raise_errors else self.context.error_catcher
 
         for profile in profiles:
-            with error_handler(profile.username):
+            with error_handler(profile.username):  # type: ignore # (ignore type for Python 3.5 support)
                 profile_name = profile.username
 
                 # Download profile picture
@@ -1133,10 +1181,13 @@ class Instaloader:
                     self.save_metadata_json(json_filename, profile)
 
                 # Catch some errors
-                if profile.is_private and (tagged or igtv or highlights or posts):
+                if tagged or igtv or highlights or posts:
-                    if not self.context.is_logged_in:
+                    if (not self.context.is_logged_in and
+                            profile.is_private):
                         raise LoginRequiredException("--login=USERNAME required.")
-                    if not profile.followed_by_viewer and self.context.username != profile.username:
+                    if (self.context.username != profile.username and
+                            profile.is_private and
+                            not profile.followed_by_viewer):
                         raise PrivateProfileNotFollowedException("Private but not followed.")
 
                 # Download tagged, if requested

instaloader/instaloadercontext.py

@@ -25,10 +25,9 @@ def copy_session(session: requests.Session, request_timeout: Optional[float] = N
     new = requests.Session()
     new.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(session.cookies))
     new.headers = session.headers.copy()
-    if request_timeout is not None:
+    # Override default timeout behavior.
-        # Override default timeout behavior.
+    # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
-        # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
+    new.request = partial(new.request, timeout=request_timeout) # type: ignore
-        new.request = partial(new.request, timeout=request_timeout) # type: ignore
     return new
 
 
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
     """
 
     def __init__(self, sleep: bool = True, quiet: bool = False, user_agent: Optional[str] = None,
-                 max_connection_attempts: int = 3, request_timeout: Optional[float] = None,
+                 max_connection_attempts: int = 3, request_timeout: float = 300.0,
                  rate_controller: Optional[Callable[["InstaloaderContext"], "RateController"]] = None):
 
         self.user_agent = user_agent if user_agent is not None else default_user_agent()
@@ -78,9 +77,6 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         # Cache profile from id (mapping from id to Profile)
         self.profile_id_cache = dict()           # type: Dict[int, Any]
 
-        # Cache profile from name (mapping from username to Profile)
-        self.profile_name_cache = dict()         # type: Dict[str, Any]
-
     @contextmanager
     def anonymous_copy(self):
         session = self._session
@@ -164,10 +160,9 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                                 'ig_vw': '1920', 'csrftoken': '',
                                 's_network': '', 'ds_user_id': ''})
         session.headers.update(self._default_http_header(empty_session_only=True))
-        if self.request_timeout is not None:
+        # Override default timeout behavior.
-            # Override default timeout behavior.
+        # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
-            # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
+        session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout) # type: ignore
-            session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout) # type: ignore
         return session
 
     def save_session_to_file(self, sessionfile):
@@ -180,20 +175,14 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
         session.cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(pickle.load(sessionfile))
         session.headers.update(self._default_http_header())
         session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': session.cookies.get_dict()['csrftoken']})
-        if self.request_timeout is not None:
+        # Override default timeout behavior.
-            # Override default timeout behavior.
+        # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
-            # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
+        session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout) # type: ignore
-            session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout) # type: ignore
         self._session = session
         self.username = username
 
     def test_login(self) -> Optional[str]:
-        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.test_login`.
+        """Not meant to be used directly, use :meth:`Instaloader.test_login`."""
-
-           .. deprecated:: 4.5
-              :meth:`Instaloader.test_login` now calls :meth:`InstaloaderContext.graphql_query` directly
-              without using this function.
-        """
         data = self.graphql_query("d6f4427fbe92d846298cf93df0b937d3", {})
         return data["data"]["user"]["username"] if data["data"]["user"] is not None else None
 
@@ -214,10 +203,9 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                                 'ig_vw': '1920', 'ig_cb': '1', 'csrftoken': '',
                                 's_network': '', 'ds_user_id': ''})
         session.headers.update(self._default_http_header())
-        if self.request_timeout is not None:
+        # Override default timeout behavior.
-            # Override default timeout behavior.
+        # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
-            # Need to silence mypy bug for this. See: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/2427
+        session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout) # type: ignore
-            session.request = partial(session.request, timeout=self.request_timeout) # type: ignore
         session.get('https://www.instagram.com/web/__mid/')
         csrf_token = session.cookies.get_dict()['csrftoken']
         session.headers.update({'X-CSRFToken': csrf_token})
@@ -332,8 +320,10 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                 redirect_url = resp.headers['location']
                 self.log('\nHTTP redirect from https://{0}/{1} to {2}'.format(host, path, redirect_url))
                 if redirect_url.startswith('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login'):
+                    if not self.is_logged_in:
+                        raise LoginRequiredException("Redirected to login page. Use --login.")
                     # alternate rate limit exceeded behavior
-                    raise TooManyRequestsException("429 Too Many Requests: redirected to login")
+                    raise TooManyRequestsException("Redirected to login")
                 if redirect_url.startswith('https://{}/'.format(host)):
                     resp = sess.get(redirect_url if redirect_url.endswith('/') else redirect_url + '/',
                                     params=params, allow_redirects=False)
@@ -359,10 +349,10 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                     raise ConnectionException("\"window._sharedData\" does not contain required keys.")
                 # If GraphQL data is missing in `window._sharedData`, search for it in `__additionalDataLoaded`.
                 if 'graphql' not in post_or_profile_page[0]:
-                    match = re.search(r'window\.__additionalDataLoaded\([^{]+{"graphql":({.*})}\);</script>',
+                    match = re.search(r'window\.__additionalDataLoaded\(.*?({.*"graphql":.*})\);</script>',
                                       resp.text)
                     if match is not None:
-                        post_or_profile_page[0]['graphql'] = json.loads(match.group(1))
+                        post_or_profile_page[0]['graphql'] = json.loads(match.group(1))['graphql']
                 return resp_json
             else:
                 resp_json = resp.json()
@@ -479,7 +469,7 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
 
         .. versionadded:: 4.2.1"""
         with copy_session(self._session, self.request_timeout) as tempsession:
-            tempsession.headers['User-Agent'] = 'Instagram 123.1.0.26.115 (iPhone12,1; iOS 13_3; en_US; en-US; ' \
+            tempsession.headers['User-Agent'] = 'Instagram 146.0.0.27.125 (iPhone12,1; iOS 13_3; en_US; en-US; ' \
                                                 'scale=2.00; 1656x3584; 190542906)'
             for header in ['Host', 'Origin', 'X-Instagram-AJAX', 'X-Requested-With']:
                 tempsession.headers.pop(header, None)
@@ -495,7 +485,7 @@ class InstaloaderContext:
                 shutil.copyfileobj(resp.raw, file)
             else:
                 file.write(resp)
-        os.rename(filename + '.temp', filename)
+        os.replace(filename + '.temp', filename)
 
     def get_raw(self, url: str, _attempt=1) -> requests.Response:
         """Downloads a file anonymously.
@@ -557,8 +547,8 @@ class RateController:
 
     def __init__(self, context: InstaloaderContext):
         self._context = context
-        self._graphql_query_timestamps = dict()  # type: Dict[str, List[float]]
+        self._query_timestamps = dict()  # type: Dict[str, List[float]]
-        self._graphql_earliest_next_request_time = 0.0
+        self._earliest_next_request_time = 0.0
 
     def sleep(self, secs: float):
         """Wait given number of seconds."""
@@ -567,38 +557,75 @@ class RateController:
         # pylint:disable=no-self-use
         time.sleep(secs)
 
-    def _dump_query_timestamps(self, current_time: float):
+    def _dump_query_timestamps(self, current_time: float, failed_query_type: str):
-        windows = [10, 11, 15, 20, 30, 60]
+        windows = [10, 11, 20, 22, 30, 60]
-        print("GraphQL requests:", file=sys.stderr)
+        self._context.error("Requests within last {} minutes grouped by type:"
-        for query_hash, times in self._graphql_query_timestamps.items():
+                            .format('/'.join(str(w) for w in windows)),
-            print("  {}".format(query_hash), file=sys.stderr)
+                            repeat_at_end=False)
-            for window in windows:
+        for query_type, times in self._query_timestamps.items():
-                reqs_in_sliding_window = sum(t > current_time - window * 60 for t in times)
+            reqs_in_sliding_window = [sum(t > current_time - w * 60 for t in times) for w in windows]
-                print("    last {} minutes: {} requests".format(window, reqs_in_sliding_window), file=sys.stderr)
+            self._context.error(" {} {:>32}: {}".format(
+                "*" if query_type == failed_query_type else " ",
+                query_type,
+                " ".join("{:4}".format(reqs) for reqs in reqs_in_sliding_window)
+            ), repeat_at_end=False)
 
     def count_per_sliding_window(self, query_type: str) -> int:
-        """Return how many GraphQL requests can be done within the sliding window."""
+        """Return how many requests can be done within the sliding window."""
         # Not static, to allow for the count_per_sliding_window to depend on context-inherent properties, such as
         # whether we are logged in.
-        # pylint:disable=no-self-use,unused-argument
+        # pylint:disable=no-self-use
-        return 200
+        return 75 if query_type in ['iphone', 'other'] else 200
+
+    def _reqs_in_sliding_window(self, query_type: Optional[str], current_time: float, window: float) -> List[float]:
+        if query_type is not None:
+            # timestamps of type query_type
+            relevant_timestamps = self._query_timestamps[query_type]
+        else:
+            # all GraphQL queries, i.e. not 'iphone' or 'other'
+            graphql_query_timestamps = filter(lambda tp: tp[0] not in ['iphone', 'other'],
+                                              self._query_timestamps.items())
+            relevant_timestamps = [t for times in (tp[1] for tp in graphql_query_timestamps) for t in times]
+        return list(filter(lambda t: t > current_time - window, relevant_timestamps))
 
     def query_waittime(self, query_type: str, current_time: float, untracked_queries: bool = False) -> float:
-        """Calculate time needed to wait before GraphQL query can be executed."""
+        """Calculate time needed to wait before query can be executed."""
-        sliding_window = 660
+        per_type_sliding_window = 660
-        if query_type not in self._graphql_query_timestamps:
+        if query_type not in self._query_timestamps:
-            self._graphql_query_timestamps[query_type] = []
+            self._query_timestamps[query_type] = []
-        self._graphql_query_timestamps[query_type] = list(filter(lambda t: t > current_time - 60 * 60,
+        self._query_timestamps[query_type] = list(filter(lambda t: t > current_time - 60 * 60,
-                                                                 self._graphql_query_timestamps[query_type]))
+                                                         self._query_timestamps[query_type]))
-        reqs_in_sliding_window = list(filter(lambda t: t > current_time - sliding_window,
+
-                                             self._graphql_query_timestamps[query_type]))
+        def per_type_next_request_time():
-        count_per_sliding_window = self.count_per_sliding_window(query_type)
+            reqs_in_sliding_window = self._reqs_in_sliding_window(query_type, current_time, per_type_sliding_window)
-        if len(reqs_in_sliding_window) < count_per_sliding_window and not untracked_queries:
+            if len(reqs_in_sliding_window) < self.count_per_sliding_window(query_type):
-            return max(0.0, self._graphql_earliest_next_request_time - current_time)
+                return 0.0
-        next_request_time = min(reqs_in_sliding_window) + sliding_window + 6
+            else:
-        if untracked_queries:
+                return min(reqs_in_sliding_window) + per_type_sliding_window + 6
-            self._graphql_earliest_next_request_time = next_request_time
+
-        return max(next_request_time, self._graphql_earliest_next_request_time) - current_time
+        def gql_accumulated_next_request_time():
+            if query_type in ['iphone', 'other']:
+                return 0.0
+            gql_accumulated_sliding_window = 600
+            gql_accumulated_max_count = 275
+            reqs_in_sliding_window = self._reqs_in_sliding_window(None, current_time, gql_accumulated_sliding_window)
+            if len(reqs_in_sliding_window) < gql_accumulated_max_count:
+                return 0.0
+            else:
+                return min(reqs_in_sliding_window) + gql_accumulated_sliding_window
+
+        def untracked_next_request_time():
+            if untracked_queries:
+                reqs_in_sliding_window = self._reqs_in_sliding_window(query_type, current_time, per_type_sliding_window)
+                self._earliest_next_request_time = min(reqs_in_sliding_window) + per_type_sliding_window + 6
+            return self._earliest_next_request_time
+
+        return max(0.0,
+                   max(
+                       per_type_next_request_time(),
+                       gql_accumulated_next_request_time(),
+                       untracked_next_request_time(),
+                   ) - current_time)
 
     def wait_before_query(self, query_type: str) -> None:
         """This method is called before a query to Instagram. It calls :meth:`RateController.sleep` to wait
@@ -610,24 +637,25 @@ class RateController:
                               .format(round(waittime), datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=waittime)))
         if waittime > 0:
             self.sleep(waittime)
-        if query_type not in self._graphql_query_timestamps:
+        if query_type not in self._query_timestamps:
-            self._graphql_query_timestamps[query_type] = [time.monotonic()]
+            self._query_timestamps[query_type] = [time.monotonic()]
         else:
-            self._graphql_query_timestamps[query_type].append(time.monotonic())
+            self._query_timestamps[query_type].append(time.monotonic())
 
     def handle_429(self, query_type: str) -> None:
         """This method is called to handle a 429 Too Many Requests response. It calls :meth:`RateController.sleep` to
          wait until we can repeat the same request."""
-        text_for_429 = ("HTTP error code 429 was returned because too many queries occurred in the last time. "
-                        "Please do not use Instagram in your browser or run multiple instances of Instaloader "
-                        "in parallel.")
-        print(textwrap.fill(text_for_429), file=sys.stderr)
         current_time = time.monotonic()
         waittime = self.query_waittime(query_type, current_time, True)
         assert waittime >= 0
-        if waittime > 15:
+        self._dump_query_timestamps(current_time, query_type)
-            self._context.log("The request will be retried in {} seconds, at {:%H:%M}."
+        text_for_429 = ("Instagram responded with HTTP error \"429 - Too Many Requests\". Please do not run multiple "
-                              .format(round(waittime), datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=waittime)))
+                        "instances of Instaloader in parallel or within short sequence. Also, do not use any Instagram "
-        self._dump_query_timestamps(current_time)
+                        "App while Instaloader is running.")
+        self._context.error(textwrap.fill(text_for_429), repeat_at_end=False)
+        if waittime > 1.5:
+            self._context.error("The request will be retried in {} seconds, at {:%H:%M}."
+                                .format(round(waittime), datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=waittime)),
+                                repeat_at_end=False)
         if waittime > 0:
             self.sleep(waittime)

instaloader/nodeiterator.py

@@ -81,11 +81,13 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
         self._node_wrapper = node_wrapper
         self._query_variables = query_variables if query_variables is not None else {}
         self._query_referer = query_referer
-        self._data = first_data
         self._page_index = 0
         self._total_index = 0
-        self._best_before = (None if first_data is None else
+        if first_data is not None:
-                             datetime.now() + NodeIterator._shelf_life)
+            self._data = first_data
+            self._best_before = datetime.now() + NodeIterator._shelf_life
+        else:
+            self._data = self._query()
 
     def _query(self, after: Optional[str] = None) -> Dict:
         pagination_variables = {'first': NodeIterator._graphql_page_length}  # type: Dict[str, Any]
@@ -113,8 +115,6 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
         return self
 
     def __next__(self) -> T:
-        if self._data is None:
-            self._data = self._query()
         if self._page_index < len(self._data['edges']):
             node = self._data['edges'][self._page_index]['node']
             page_index, total_index = self._page_index, self._total_index
@@ -193,8 +193,12 @@ class NodeIterator(Iterator[T]):
                 self._query_referer != frozen.query_referer or
                 self._context.username != frozen.context_username):
             raise InvalidArgumentException("Mismatching resume information.")
+        if not frozen.best_before:
+            raise InvalidArgumentException("\"best before\" date missing.")
+        if frozen.remaining_data is None:
+            raise InvalidArgumentException("\"remaining_data\" missing.")
         self._total_index = frozen.total_index
-        self._best_before = datetime.fromtimestamp(frozen.best_before) if frozen.best_before else None
+        self._best_before = datetime.fromtimestamp(frozen.best_before)
         self._data = frozen.remaining_data
 
 
@@ -259,7 +263,8 @@ def resumable_iteration(context: InstaloaderContext,
     try:
         yield is_resuming, start_index
     except KeyboardInterrupt:
-        os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(resume_file_path), exist_ok=True)
+        if os.path.dirname(resume_file_path):
+            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(resume_file_path), exist_ok=True)
         save(iterator.freeze(), resume_file_path)
         context.log("\nSaved resume information to {}.".format(resume_file_path))
         raise

instaloader/structures.py

@@ -147,10 +147,6 @@ class Post:
             )
             self._full_metadata_dict = pic_json['data']['shortcode_media']
             if self._full_metadata_dict is None:
-                # issue #449
-                self._context.error("Fetching Post metadata failed (issue #449). "
-                                    "The following data has been returned:\n"
-                                    + json.dumps(pic_json['entry_data'], indent=2))
                 raise BadResponseException("Fetching Post metadata failed.")
             if self.shortcode != self._full_metadata_dict['shortcode']:
                 self._node.update(self._full_metadata_dict)
@@ -196,7 +192,7 @@ class Post:
                 # is contained.
                 # Note that we cannot use Profile.from_id() here since that would lead us into a recursion.
                 owner_struct = self._full_metadata['owner']
-            self._owner_profile = Profile.from_node(self._context, owner_struct)
+            self._owner_profile = Profile(self._context, owner_struct)
         return self._owner_profile
 
     @property
@@ -207,7 +203,13 @@ class Post:
     @property
     def owner_id(self) -> int:
         """The ID of the Post's owner."""
-        return self.owner_profile.userid
+        # The ID may already be available, e.g. if the post instance was created
+        # from an `hashtag.get_posts()` iterator, so no need to make another
+        # http request.
+        if 'owner' in self._node and 'id' in self._node['owner']:
+            return self._node['owner']['id']
+        else:
+            return self.owner_profile.userid
 
     @property
     def date_local(self) -> datetime:
@@ -250,26 +252,49 @@ class Post:
         """Type of post, GraphImage, GraphVideo or GraphSidecar"""
         return self._field('__typename')
 
-    def get_sidecar_nodes(self) -> Iterator[PostSidecarNode]:
+    @property
-        """Sidecar nodes of a Post with typename==GraphSidecar."""
+    def mediacount(self) -> int:
+        """
+        The number of media in a sidecar Post, or 1 if the Post it not a sidecar.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.6
+        """
+        if self.typename == 'GraphSidecar':
+            edges = self._field('edge_sidecar_to_children', 'edges')
+            return len(edges)
+        return 1
+
+    def get_sidecar_nodes(self, start=0, end=-1) -> Iterator[PostSidecarNode]:
+        """
+        Sidecar nodes of a Post with typename==GraphSidecar.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.6
+           Added parameters *start* and *end* to specify a slice of sidecar media.
+        """
         if self.typename == 'GraphSidecar':
             edges = self._field('edge_sidecar_to_children', 'edges')
             if any(edge['node']['is_video'] for edge in edges):
                 # video_url is only present in full metadata, issue #558.
                 edges = self._full_metadata['edge_sidecar_to_children']['edges']
+            if end < 0:
+                end = len(edges)-1
+            if start < 0:
+                start = len(edges)-1
             for idx, edge in enumerate(edges):
-                node = edge['node']
+                if start <= idx <= end:
-                is_video = node['is_video']
+                    node = edge['node']
-                display_url = node['display_url']
+                    is_video = node['is_video']
-                if not is_video and self._context.is_logged_in:
+                    display_url = node['display_url']
-                    try:
+                    if not is_video and self._context.is_logged_in:
-                        carousel_media = self._iphone_struct['carousel_media']
+                        try:
-                        orig_url = carousel_media[idx]['image_versions2']['candidates'][0]['url']
+                            carousel_media = self._iphone_struct['carousel_media']
-                        display_url = re.sub(r'&se=\d+(&?)', r'\1', orig_url)
+                            orig_url = carousel_media[idx]['image_versions2']['candidates'][0]['url']
-                    except (InstaloaderException, KeyError, IndexError) as err:
+                            display_url = re.sub(r'&se=\d+(&?)', r'\1', orig_url)
-                        self._context.error('{} Unable to fetch high quality image version of {}.'.format(err, self))
+                        except (InstaloaderException, KeyError, IndexError) as err:
-                yield PostSidecarNode(is_video=is_video, display_url=display_url,
+                            self._context.error('{} Unable to fetch high quality image version of {}.'.format(
-                                      video_url=node['video_url'] if is_video else None)
+                                err, self))
+                    yield PostSidecarNode(is_video=is_video, display_url=display_url,
+                                          video_url=node['video_url'] if is_video else None)
 
     @property
     def caption(self) -> Optional[str]:
@@ -328,6 +353,12 @@ class Post:
     def video_url(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """URL of the video, or None."""
         if self.is_video:
+            if self._context.is_logged_in:
+                try:
+                    url = self._iphone_struct['video_versions'][0]['url']
+                    return url
+                except (InstaloaderException, KeyError, IndexError) as err:
+                    self._context.error('{} Unable to fetch high quality video version of {}.'.format(err, self))
             return self._field('video_url')
         return None
 
@@ -387,7 +418,7 @@ class Post:
             return PostCommentAnswer(id=int(node['id']),
                                      created_at_utc=datetime.utcfromtimestamp(node['created_at']),
                                      text=node['text'],
-                                     owner=Profile.from_node(self._context, node['owner']),
+                                     owner=Profile(self._context, node['owner']),
                                      likes_count=node.get('edge_liked_by', {}).get('count', 0))
 
         def _postcommentanswers(node):
@@ -435,20 +466,27 @@ class Post:
         )
 
     def get_likes(self) -> Iterator['Profile']:
-        """Iterate over all likes of the post. A :class:`Profile` instance of each likee is yielded."""
+        """
+        Iterate over all likes of the post. A :class:`Profile` instance of each likee is yielded.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.5.4
+           Require being logged in (as required by Instagram).
+        """
+        if not self._context.is_logged_in:
+            raise LoginRequiredException("--login required to access likes of a post.")
         if self.likes == 0:
             # Avoid doing additional requests if there are no comments
             return
         likes_edges = self._field('edge_media_preview_like', 'edges')
         if self.likes == len(likes_edges):
             # If the Post's metadata already contains all likes, don't do GraphQL requests to obtain them
-            yield from (Profile.from_node(self._context, like['node']) for like in likes_edges)
+            yield from (Profile(self._context, like['node']) for like in likes_edges)
             return
         yield from NodeIterator(
             self._context,
             '1cb6ec562846122743b61e492c85999f',
             lambda d: d['data']['shortcode_media']['edge_liked_by'],
-            lambda n: Profile.from_node(self._context, n),
+            lambda n: Profile(self._context, n),
             {'shortcode': self.shortcode},
             'https://www.instagram.com/p/{0}/'.format(self.shortcode),
         )
@@ -474,7 +512,7 @@ class Post:
         .. versionadded:: 4.4
         """
         return ([] if not self.is_sponsored else
-                [Profile.from_node(self._context, edge['node']['sponsor']) for edge in
+                [Profile(self._context, edge['node']['sponsor']) for edge in
                  self._field('edge_media_to_sponsor_user', 'edges')])
 
     @property
@@ -537,17 +575,6 @@ class Profile:
             # if loaded from JSON with load_structure_from_file()
             self._iphone_struct_ = node['iphone_struct']
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_node(cls, context: InstaloaderContext, node: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'Profile':
-        assert 'username' in node
-        if node['username'] in context.profile_name_cache:
-            return context.profile_name_cache[node['username']]
-        profile = cls(context, node)
-        if 'id' in node:
-            context.profile_id_cache[node['id']] = profile
-        context.profile_name_cache[profile.username] = profile
-        return profile
-
     @classmethod
     def from_username(cls, context: InstaloaderContext, username: str):
         """Create a Profile instance from a given username, raise exception if it does not exist.
@@ -559,11 +586,8 @@ class Profile:
         :raises: :class:`ProfileNotExistsException`
         """
         # pylint:disable=protected-access
-        if username.lower() in context.profile_name_cache:
+        profile = cls(context, {'username': username.lower()})
-            return context.profile_name_cache[username.lower()]
+        profile._obtain_metadata()  # to raise ProfileNotExistsException now in case username is invalid
-        profile = cls.from_node(context, {'username': username.lower()})
-        profile._obtain_metadata()  # to raise ProfileNotExistException now in case username is invalid
-        context.profile_id_cache[profile.userid] = profile
         return profile
 
     @classmethod
@@ -586,10 +610,23 @@ class Profile:
                                       'include_highlight_reels': False},
                                      rhx_gis=context.root_rhx_gis)['data']['user']
         if data:
-            return cls.from_node(context, data['reel']['owner'])
+            profile = cls(context, data['reel']['owner'])
         else:
             raise ProfileNotExistsException("No profile found, the user may have blocked you (ID: " +
                                             str(profile_id) + ").")
+        context.profile_id_cache[profile_id] = profile
+        return profile
+
+    @classmethod
+    def own_profile(cls, context: InstaloaderContext):
+        """Return own profile if logged-in.
+
+        :param context: :attr:`Instaloader.context`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.5.2"""
+        if not context.is_logged_in:
+            raise LoginRequiredException("--login required to access own profile.")
+        return cls(context, context.graphql_query("d6f4427fbe92d846298cf93df0b937d3", {})["data"]["user"])
 
     def _asdict(self):
         json_node = self._node.copy()
@@ -814,7 +851,6 @@ class Profile:
         if self.username != self._context.username:
             raise LoginRequiredException("--login={} required to get that profile's saved posts.".format(self.username))
 
-        self._obtain_metadata()
         return NodeIterator(
             self._context,
             'f883d95537fbcd400f466f63d42bd8a1',
@@ -822,7 +858,6 @@ class Profile:
             lambda n: Post(self._context, n),
             {'id': self.userid},
             'https://www.instagram.com/{0}/'.format(self.username),
-            self._metadata('edge_saved_media'),
         )
 
     def get_tagged_posts(self) -> NodeIterator[Post]:
@@ -872,7 +907,7 @@ class Profile:
             self._context,
             '37479f2b8209594dde7facb0d904896a',
             lambda d: d['data']['user']['edge_followed_by'],
-            lambda n: Profile.from_node(self._context, n),
+            lambda n: Profile(self._context, n),
             {'id': str(self.userid)},
             'https://www.instagram.com/{0}/'.format(self.username),
         )
@@ -891,7 +926,7 @@ class Profile:
             self._context,
             '58712303d941c6855d4e888c5f0cd22f',
             lambda d: d['data']['user']['edge_follow'],
-            lambda n: Profile.from_node(self._context, n),
+            lambda n: Profile(self._context, n),
             {'id': str(self.userid)},
             'https://www.instagram.com/{0}/'.format(self.username),
         )
@@ -906,7 +941,7 @@ class Profile:
         if not self._context.is_logged_in:
             raise LoginRequiredException("--login required to get a profile's similar accounts.")
         self._obtain_metadata()
-        yield from (Profile.from_node(self._context, edge["node"]) for edge in
+        yield from (Profile(self._context, edge["node"]) for edge in
                     self._context.graphql_query("ad99dd9d3646cc3c0dda65debcd266a7",
                                                 {"user_id": str(self.userid), "include_chaining": True},
                                                 "https://www.instagram.com/{0}/"
@@ -928,11 +963,17 @@ class StoryItem:
         self._context = context
         self._node = node
         self._owner_profile = owner_profile
+        self._iphone_struct_ = None
+        if 'iphone_struct' in node:
+            # if loaded from JSON with load_structure_from_file()
+            self._iphone_struct_ = node['iphone_struct']
 
     def _asdict(self):
         node = self._node
         if self._owner_profile:
             node['owner'] = self._owner_profile._asdict()
+        if self._iphone_struct_:
+            node['iphone_struct'] = self._iphone_struct_
         return node
 
     @property
@@ -957,6 +998,15 @@ class StoryItem:
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self.mediaid)
 
+    @property
+    def _iphone_struct(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        if not self._context.is_logged_in:
+            raise LoginRequiredException("--login required to access iPhone media info endpoint.")
+        if not self._iphone_struct_:
+            data = self._context.get_iphone_json(path='api/v1/media/{}/info/'.format(self.mediaid), params={})
+            self._iphone_struct_ = data['items'][0]
+        return self._iphone_struct_
+
     @property
     def owner_profile(self) -> Profile:
         """:class:`Profile` instance of the story item's owner."""
@@ -1008,6 +1058,13 @@ class StoryItem:
     @property
     def url(self) -> str:
         """URL of the picture / video thumbnail of the StoryItem"""
+        if self.typename == "GraphStoryImage" and self._context.is_logged_in:
+            try:
+                orig_url = self._iphone_struct['image_versions2']['candidates'][0]['url']
+                url = re.sub(r'&se=\d+(&?)', r'\1', orig_url)
+                return url
+            except (InstaloaderException, KeyError, IndexError) as err:
+                self._context.error('{} Unable to fetch high quality image version of {}.'.format(err, self))
         return self._node['display_resources'][-1]['src']
 
     @property
@@ -1080,14 +1137,14 @@ class Story:
 
     @property
     def last_seen_local(self) -> Optional[datetime]:
-        """Timestamp when the story has last been watched or None (local time zone)."""
+        """Timestamp of the most recent StoryItem that has been watched or None (local time zone)."""
         if self._node['seen']:
             return datetime.fromtimestamp(self._node['seen'])
         return None
 
     @property
     def last_seen_utc(self) -> Optional[datetime]:
-        """Timestamp when the story has last been watched or None (UTC)."""
+        """Timestamp of the most recent StoryItem that has been watched or None (UTC)."""
         if self._node['seen']:
             return datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._node['seen'])
         return None
@@ -1111,7 +1168,7 @@ class Story:
     def owner_profile(self) -> Profile:
         """:class:`Profile` instance of the story owner."""
         if not self._owner_profile:
-            self._owner_profile = Profile.from_node(self._context, self._node['user'])
+            self._owner_profile = Profile(self._context, self._node['user'])
         return self._owner_profile
 
     @property
@@ -1169,7 +1226,7 @@ class Highlight(Story):
     def owner_profile(self) -> Profile:
         """:class:`Profile` instance of the highlights' owner."""
         if not self._owner_profile:
-            self._owner_profile = Profile.from_node(self._context, self._node['owner'])
+            self._owner_profile = Profile(self._context, self._node['owner'])
         return self._owner_profile
 
     @property
@@ -1353,9 +1410,13 @@ class Hashtag:
         next_other = next(other_posts, None)
         while next_top is not None or next_other is not None:
             if next_other is None:
+                assert next_top is not None
+                yield next_top
                 yield from sorted_top_posts
                 break
             if next_top is None:
+                assert next_other is not None
+                yield next_other
                 yield from other_posts
                 break
             if next_top == next_other:
@@ -1400,7 +1461,7 @@ class TopSearchResults:
             user_node = user['user']
             if 'pk' in user_node:
                 user_node['id'] = user_node['pk']
-            yield Profile.from_node(self._context, user_node)
+            yield Profile(self._context, user_node)
 
     def get_prefixed_usernames(self) -> Iterator[str]:
         """
@@ -1493,7 +1554,7 @@ def load_structure_from_file(context: InstaloaderContext, filename: str) -> Json
         if node_type == "Post":
             return Post(context, json_structure['node'])
         elif node_type == "Profile":
-            return Profile.from_node(context, json_structure['node'])
+            return Profile(context, json_structure['node'])
         elif node_type == "StoryItem":
             return StoryItem(context, json_structure['node'])
         elif node_type == "Hashtag":

setup.py

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ setup(
     name='instaloader',
     version=get_version(),
     packages=['instaloader'],
+    package_data={'instaloader': ['py.typed']},
     url='https://instaloader.github.io/',
     license='MIT',
     author='Alexander Graf, André Koch-Kramer',
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ setup(
     install_requires=requirements,
     python_requires='>=3.5',
     entry_points={'console_scripts': ['instaloader=instaloader.__main__:main']},
-    zip_safe=True,
+    zip_safe=False,
     keywords=keywords,
     classifiers=[
         'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',